Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Coexistent hydatidiform mole (46, XX) and live fetus (46, XY) in the second trimester is a rare phenomenon. In this case, the clinical manifestations presented as pregnancy-induced hypertension, including hypertension, proteinuria and oliguria. Ultrasonic examination found an enlarged placenta with a typical honeycomb picture, placenta previa and a normal developing fetus. The patient underwent an emergency cesarean section at 23 weeks' gestation on a preliminary diagnosis of acute chorioamnionitis. A 700 g immature male baby was delivered with Apgar scores of 3 at one minute, and 7 at five minutes. The placenta was composed of two parts: one was a molar pregnancy and the other was a normal placenta, both were separated by the membrane. The membrane consisted of one chorion and two amnions. Postmolar persistence of human chorionic gonadotropin was found one month after termination of this pregnancy. Chemotherapy with a single agent (methotrexate) was given. The patient is doing well and has no evidence of recurrence after one year of follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Twin pregnancy with hydatidiform mole (46, XX) and a coexistent fetus (46, XY): report of a case. 791 78

A patient with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency (17OHD) who continued to menstruate is reported. A 24-year-old woman who presented with hypertension, hypokalemia and irregular menses had increased plasma ACTH and mineralocorticoids without any increase in glucocorticoids or sex steroids, and a bilateral adrenal enlargement on abdominal X-ray CT. ACTH stimulation test revealed hyperresponse of the metabolites of the mineralocorticoid pathway and blunted or absent response of those of the glucocorticoid and androgen pathway. Almost all of the abnormalities disappeared after dexamethasone administration. While 17OHD is usually known to accompany hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, the patient continued to menstruate, though irregularly. Although human chorionic gonadotropin administration failed to induce response, basal plasma levels of ovarian steroid (estradiol) and gonadotropins as well as response to LHRH stimulation test were all normal. Thus, the clinical and biochemical features of this case is compatible with the partial deficiency of both adrenals and ovaries, being less severe in the latter. A further analysis especially at molecular level is needed to elucidate the basis for the heterogeneity of this disorder.
 ...
PMID:A case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with retained menstruation. 795 71

To evaluate the variations and potential clinical use of serial maternal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in pregnancies at risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and/or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), we investigated the relationship between placental sonographic findings, uterine artery Doppler measurements, and maternal serum AFP, hCG, and uric acid levels between 20 and 34 weeks of pregnancy. Maternal serum samples were collected from 41 singleton pregnancies with bilateral uterine notches and/or an increased uterine artery pulsatility index at 20-24 weeks. Maternal serum AFP, intact hCG and free alpha and beta subunits, and uric acid circulating levels were measured in all cases at 20-24 weeks and 25-28 weeks. Placental sonographic investigations comprised measurements of thickness and morphology. Twenty pregnancies had a normal outcome and 21 had an adverse outcome, including eight complicated by severe PIH with fetal IUGR, eight by isolated IUGR, three by mild PIH with normal fetal growth, and two by placental abruption. At the time of the first scan, the placental thickness and maternal serum levels of AFP, hCG, and uric acid were significantly increased in pregnancies with adverse outcomes, compared with those with a normal outcome. In subsequent maternal serum examinations, the incidence of elevated hormonal levels fell for AFP, intact hCG, and beta-hCG, whereas it increased for the uric acid level. No difference was found at any stage for the alpha-hCG level. Seven out of 11 pregnancies complicated by PIH presented with elevated MSAFP and MShCG and a large heterogeneous placenta at the first visit, whereas no pregnancy with a normal outcome presented with similar features. This study has shown a significant association between abnormal development of the utero-placental circulation, elevated MSAFP and MShCG at mid-gestation, and subsequent adverse pregnancy outcome. Serial measurements of MSAFP and MShCG do not provide extra information for the follow-up of these pregnancies.
 ...
PMID:Maternal serum testing for alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in high-risk pregnancies. 899 49

A 17-week pregnancy complicated by severe hypertension is reported. The fetus had multiple anomalies and was found to have triploidy. Assay of maternal serum markers for trisomy 21 revealed elevated levels of inhibin (137.51 multiples of the median) and human chorionic gonadotropin (41.51 multiples of the median).
 ...
PMID:Highly abnormal maternal inhibin and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels along with severe HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome at 17 weeks' gestation with triploidy. 1073 43

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the free alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (FalphahCG) as a marker for pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). METHODS: The study group consisted of 74 pregnant women with hypertension. PIH admitted at 21-43 weeks of gestation. The control group was 37 non-PIH women. Serum FalphahCG was measured by radioimmunoassay with monoclonal technology. Using Youden's index of the receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC), a threshold value was determined. RESULTS: FalphahCG levels in PIH women were significantly higher than in the control group women [(556+/-428)IU/L compared with (232+/-131)IU/L,P<0.001].Using 260 IU/L of FalphahCG as the threshold value yields a sensitivity of 81.1% and specificity of 75.7% with a Youden's index of 0.57 for predicting PIH. CONCLUSION: Serum FalphahCG may serve as a useful marker to predict PIH.
 ...
PMID:[Free alpha hCG--a serum marker for pregnancy-induced hypertension] 1259 17

In a prospective, blind study of 183 unselected women attending for routine booking scan with a singleton pregnancy at 16-24 weeks' gestation, uteroplacental resistance index, and peripheral levels of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, Schwangerswaft protein, pregnancy-associated placental protein A and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 1 were measured. High levels of alpha-fetoprotein and IGF 1 binding protein 1 (> 90th centile) were associated with small-for-gestational age babies (< 10th centile) (sensitivity 24% and 22%; specificity 90% and 91%). High levels of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated placental protein A (> 90th centile) were associated with one or more of three severe complications of pregnancy: very small-for-gestational age (< 3rd centile), severe proteinuric hypertension or intrauterine death (sensitivity 20%, 20% and 57%; specificity 90%, 95% and 91%, respectively). A uteroplacental resistance index > 90th centile was also associated with small-for-gestational age and severe complications (sensitivity 24% and 50%, specificity 90% and 90%). A combination of resistance index and a placental function test improved the prediction for a group of patients that included any complications (sensitivity 31% and specificity 89%). Doppler ultrasound was a more efficient predictor than individual placental function tests but screening predictions can be improved by combining Doppler parameters and placental protein estimations. Combinations of placental function tests might provide equivalent, or complementary, information. This preliminary work demonstrates the potential value of combining biophysical and biochemical tests to predict complications of pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Early prediction of uteroplacental complications of pregnancy using Doppler ultrasound, placental function tests and combination testing. 1279 32

The use of testosterone supplementation for elderly men has increased markedly over the last decade due to a recognized gradual decline in serum testosterone, which may lead to decreased bone mass, muscle strength, and libido. Testosterone supplementation is also used widely to treat some forms of erectile dysfunction, androgen deficiency, and infertility. However, long-term exogenous testosterone therapy has been associated with several complications, such as fluid retention, nitrogen retention, and hypertension. Due to these problems, alternate treatment modalities, involving more physiological and longer-acting systems for androgen delivery, have been pursued. Alginate-poly-L-lysine-encapsulated Leydig cell microspheres were used as a novel method for the delivery of testosterone in vivo. Encapsulated Leydig cells, which were stimulated with human chorionic gonadotropin, secreted high levels of testosterone in culture. Unencapsulated cells injected i.p. or s.c. failed to produce any testosterone levels, even with human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation. Castrated rats that were administered encapsulated Leydig cells i.p. or s.c. maintained a serum testosterone level between 0.23 and 0.51 ng/ml. Similar levels of testosterone were obtained for 43 d when the encapsulated Leydig cells were injected s.c. (0.28-0.48 ng/ml). Approximately 10% of a normal adult rat Leydig cell population was injected into each castrated animal; however, this resulted in serum testosterone levels of up to 40% of normal. Clinically, testosterone is usually delivered for supplementation and not for full replacement therapy. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that microencapsulated Leydig cells may be a viable option as a therapeutic modality involving testosterone supplementation.
 ...
PMID:Microencapsulation of Leydig cells: a system for testosterone supplementation. 1296 73

Altered levels of pregnancy hormones have been suggested to initiate testicular cancer prenatally in the male fetus. The placenta is the main source of pregnancy hormones, and pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia are associated with placental malfunction, including altered levels of hormones such as estrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin. We therefore evaluated fetal exposure to pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia in relation to risk of testicular cancer in adolescent and adult life. We identified 293 cases of germ cell testicular cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register, and 861 controls in the Swedish Medical Birth Register. The standardized antenatal and delivery charts of the cases and controls were traced in the archives of the delivery units, and information about maternal and pregnancy characteristics such as gestational hypertension, proteinuria, anemia, and glucosuria were extracted. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. We found a strongly decreased risk of testicular cancer among subjects exposed to severe gestational hypertension (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12-0.74, compared with no hypertension), whereas the risk was increased among those exposed to mild gestational hypertension (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.98-2.69) during the fetal period. The mechanism behind the association between pregnancy hypertension and testicular cancer is unclear, but our findings may reflect a potentially protective effect of the altered pregnancy hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin that occur in severe gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
 ...
PMID:Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and risk of testicular cancer. 1897 26

Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, extensively used as experimental models of essential human hypertension, display important alterations in the neuroendocrine reproductive axis, which manifest as markedly delayed puberty onset in females but whose basis remains largely unknown. We analyze herein in female SH rats: 1) possible alterations in the expression and function of KiSS-1/GPR54 and GnRH/GnRH-receptor systems, 2) the integrity of feedback mechanisms governing the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and 3) the control of ovarian function by gonadotropins. Our data demonstrate that, despite overtly delayed puberty, no significant decrease in hypothalamic KiSS-1, GPR54, or GnRH mRNA levels was detected in this strain. Likewise, in vivo gonadotropin responses to ovariectomy and systemic kisspeptin-10 or GnRH administration, as well as in vitro gonadotropin responses to GnRH, were fully preserved in SH rats. Moreover, circulating LH levels were grossly conserved during prepubertal maturation, whereas FSH levels were even enhanced from d 20 postpartum onwards. In striking contrast, ovarian weight and hormone (progesterone and testosterone) responses to human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in vitro were profoundly decreased in SH rats, with impaired follicular development and delayed ovulation at puberty. Such reduced hormonal responses to human CG could not be attributed to changes in LH/CG or FSH-receptor mRNA expression but might be linked to blunted P450scc, 3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase mRNA levels in ovaries from SH rats. In conclusion, our results indicate that the expression and function of KiSS-1/GPR54 and GnRH/GnRH-receptor systems is normal in SH rats, whereas ovarian development, steroidogenesis, and responsiveness to gonadotropins are strongly compromised.
 ...
PMID:Delayed puberty in spontaneously hypertensive rats involves a primary ovarian failure independent of the hypothalamic KiSS-1/GPR54/GnRH system. 1922 90

Mirror syndrome is a condition in which the mother "mirrors" her hydropic fetus and/or hydropic placenta. Physical and laboratory findings of mirror syndrome include generalized edema, hypertension, and proteinuria similar to preeclampsia. However, unlike preeclampsia, mirror syndrome is associated with hemodilutional anemia and fluid overload, which may progress to pulmonary edema. The anesthetic management of a parturient with fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma, hydrops fetalis, and mirror syndrome complicated by markedly elevated maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin and subsequent clinical hyperthyroidism, is presented.
 ...
PMID:Anesthetic management of a parturient with fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma and mirror syndrome complicated by elevated hCG and subsequent hyperthyroidism. 2000 61


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>