Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Perindopril 4 mg once daily was given to 40 hypertensives for 4 weeks. The results showed that systolic and diastolic blood presure were decreased by 3.2 kPa (22.2 +/- 2.21-19.0 +/- 1.92 kPa) and 1.87 kPa (13.4 +/- 1.21-11.5 +/- 1.27 kPa), respectively. The total effective rate was 80%. Serum Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity in 30 patients was significantly decreased from 58.5 +/- 29.5 U to 18.2 +/- 16.2 U (P < 0.01). The urine level of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in 27 patients significantly decreased from a prior level of 13.66 +/- 7.81 U.gCr-1 to 10.12 +/- 5.57 U.gCr-1 (P < 0.01). The side effects of perindopril were cough (7.5%), constipation (10%), dizziness (7.5%), flatulence (7.5%) and diarrhea (5%). We conclude that perindopril is a potent antihypertensive drug with significant prevention on hypertension-induced early renal damage.
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PMID:[Effects of perindopril on hypertension, serum angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity and urine level of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase]. 986 22

We studied the relationship between the urinary microtransferrin (TRF) and early glomerular damage in diabetes mellitus. 61 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 40 healthy subjects were measured for urinary TRF with rate immunonephelometry assay. The Urinary TRF concentrations were found to be greatly elevated in patients with diabetes compared with those in the health subjects (P < 0.001). The increase of TRF was closely related to age and duration of diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, hypertension, retinopathy, and it was initial parameter to predict diabetic nephropathy. There was a significant correlation among urinary TRF concentration, microalbumin, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The urinary excretion of TRF was more elevated than that of microalbumin. It is suggested that excretion of TRF in urine is a more sensitive index of the glomerular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of microtransferrinuria in diabetic patients]. 1037 8

The present study investigated the development of hypertension and the functional and morphological changes in the kidney in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats fed with a normal salt diet during aging. Furthermore, the effects of calcium channel antagonists nitrendipine and nicardipine on these changes were examined. The rats showed proteinuria from 6 weeks of age and gradually developed hypertension accompanied by the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate during aging. Glomerular screlosis and degeneration of the renal tubule were found by histological examinations at 17 weeks of age. Nitrendipine (20 mg/kg chow), given from 7 weeks of age for 10 weeks, inhibited the elevation in systolic blood pressure from 3 weeks after the dosing, whereas nicardipine (20 mg/kg chow) inhibited it only at 5 weeks after dosing. Both drugs decreased glomerular sclerosis, but did not affect the glomerular filtration rate, urine volume, urinary excretion of protein and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and serum concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen. These results demonstrated that Dahl S rats fed with a normal salt diet spontaneously developed the renal disorder in the early stage of hypertension and reinforce the validity of nitrendipine for the treatment of hypertensive patients with renal failure.
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PMID:[Effects of nitrendipine on the development of hypertension and renal failure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats]. 1067 98

Human N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, hexosaminidase, beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and glucocerebrosidase have not been so widely studied as the beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases in bacteria, fungi and arthropods. Their biochemical role has been elucidated, however, and their urinary and plasma determination is being adopted for the early detection of diseases before clinical manifestation, in particular for hypertension, renal injuries and disorders, depression and lysosomal storage diseases. The spectrophotometric determinations of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, most often done with 3-cresolsulphone phthaleinyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, have been recently simplified and adapted to automatic instruments.
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PMID:Analytical biochemistry and clinical significance of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and related enzymes. 1090 64

This study examined the association between urinary markers of early diabetic nephropathy and non-renal diabetic complications in 946 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The association with hypertension was also studied. Data on macrovascular complications (ischaemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular complications (retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy) were obtained from case records and clinical examination. Urine samples collected were analysed for albumin, beta(2)-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). Results showed that urinary albumin, RBP and beta(2)-microglobulin levels were higher in patients with macro- and/or microvascular complications, compared to those without. NAG levels were higher only in patients with both types of complications. A higher proportion of patients with complications had abnormally raised urinary protein and enzyme levels, compared to those without. Patients with associated hypertension had higher urinary levels of albumin and beta(2)-microglobulin, regardless of whether complications were present or not. RBP excretion was, however, markedly higher only in patients with microvascular complications, whereas hypertension did not influence NAG excretion. Urine albumin and RBP excretion were predictive of microvascular, as well as both macrovascular and microvascular complications, whereas NAG excretion was predictive of macro- and microvascular complications. These findings could mean that increased urinary protein and enzyme excretion were associated with more severe disease in these patients.
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PMID:Urinary protein excretion in Type 2 diabetes with complications. 1111 88

The essential arterial hypertension is the second (after diabetes mellitus) cause of chronic renal failure which means a great social and economic burden to the society. It is well known that hypertension is a metabolic syndrome resulting in tissue injury. We tried to investigate the possible influence of some metabolic disturbances on renal function in nontreated essential hypertension. We have compared 25 patients with nontreated essential hypertension (11 women, 14 men) with 14 healthy volunteers (7 women, 7 men) matched for age. The patients' group was characterized by significantly higher urine excretion of NAG (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) (2.75 +/- 1.69 vs 1.82 +/- 1.46 p < 0.05) and a tendency to significantly higher urine fractional sodium excretion without significant difference in albumin excretion. These findings suggest that the tubular damage is present. We noticed the negative linear correlation between mean arterial pressure and (MAP) and NAG urine excretion in the group of hypertensive patients which may reflect the renal ischemia in tubulo-interstitial pathology. Our data suggests that in nontreated arterial hypertension the renal blood flow disturbances are the important cause of the deterioration of tubular function (which are earlier to glomerular damage).
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PMID:[Does any relationship exist between metabolic disturbances and some markers of renal damage in patients with untreated essential hypertension?]. 1139 62

We measured urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in relation to disease duration, acetylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypertension and puberty in 44 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. AER and Urinary NAG activity were significantly higher in the patients compared to controls (AER 19.4 +/-; 35.8 vs 4.7 +/- 4.4, NAG activity 5.6 +/- 0.6U vs. 1.6 +/- 0.2U). Microalbuminuria was present in seven patients (15.9%), all of whom were pubertal. There was no correlation between AER and urinary NAG activity. There was a significant direct correlation between AER and disease duration (P <0.05), HbA1c (P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (P <0.05) and puberty (P <0.05). None of the microalbuminuria related variables was significantly correlated with urinary NAG activity. Puberty was an independent factor for elevated urinary NAG activity. This study shows that urinary NAG is elevated in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but is not associated with AER related factors except for puberty. Urinary NAG activity does not appear to be a useful marker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in type I diabetes mellitus. 1276 43

In this follow-up study, 526 persons were followed for almost 5 years to assess the reversibility and predictive value of four kidney biomarkers in a field epidemiology setting. This study examined (a) whether elevations in urinary albumin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, retinol-binding protein, and alanine aminopeptidase remained elevated at follow-up and (b) whether these initial elevations were predictive of kidney disease (as measured by markers of kidney dysfunction: serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, creatinine clearance, and urine osmolality) at follow-up. Study participants were 8-76 years of age at baseline and were followed for an average of 4.5 years. Approximately 50% of adults who had an elevated biomarker did not have an elevation at followup. Youths with elevated biomarkers at baseline, but who completed adolescence by the time of the follow-up, no longer had any elevations in biomarkers at follow-up. Adult participants who had elevated biomarkers and selected health conditions at baseline (diabetes and, to a lesser extent, heart disease, hypertension, gout, and urinary tract disease) were more likely to show early indicators of kidney impairment at follow-up. Participants with these health conditions and normal kidney biomarker values at baseline had kidney test results at follow-up that were similar to results of study participants who did not have these health conditions at baseline. The presence or absence of elevated biomarkers at baseline among generally healthy participants was not associated with the development of early indicators of kidney impairment at follow-up. This longitudinal study confirmed the utility of these four kidney biomarker tests as markers of preclinical organ dysfunction among adults with certain preexisting medical conditions.
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PMID:Confirming the utility of four kidney biomarker tests in a longitudinal follow-up study. 1457 88

This study assessed the progression of renal damage in obese Zucker rats in response to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension. Renal damage was evaluated by light microscopy and urine analysis at weekly intervals during the developmental phase of DOCA-salt hypertension and once during the plateau phase 42 days after the onset of treatment. Decreased tubular function was evident by day 8, as indicated by a significant increase in urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity and glucose excretion. The tubular index, a measure of tubular damage, was significantly elevated by day 15 and continued to increase throughout the experiment. Glomerular damage, which was evident by day 8, was followed by increased urine albumin excretion by day 15. Only a few sclerotic renal glomeruli were apparent before the plateau phase; however, by day 42, approximately 50% of the glomeruli were sclerotic. Hyperplastic vascular changes were mild at day 8 and slowly increased in severity during the developmental phase. By day 42 the vascular changes were severe with some vessels so hyperplastic that their lumens were almost occluded. These findings show progressive changes in renal structure and function that begin as early as day 8 and increase progressively until severe changes are present at day 42, resulting in an end-stage
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PMID:Progression of renal damage in the obese Zucker rat in response to deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension. 1583 Jul 10

The kidney function can be assessed by a number of methods. The urinary excretion of enzymes, in particular N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), is considered a relatively simple, cheap, fast and non-invasive method in the detection and follow-up of renal tubular function under various conditions. The determination of urinary NAG provides a very sensitive and reliable indicator of renal damage, such as injury or dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, inflammation, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection, hypercalciuria, urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, perinatal asphyxia, hypoxia, hypertension, heavy metals poisoning, treatment with aminoglycosides, valproate, or other nephrotoxic drugs. This paper gives an overview of the current use of urinary NAG in the detection of renal injury.
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PMID:The diagnostic role of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in the detection of renal tubular impairment. 1625 16


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