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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We designed the present study to clarify whether the development of nephropathy was accelerated by a combination of hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Spontaneously hypertensive rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin treatment (25.0-75.0 mg/kg) were separated into severely or mildly diabetic groups according to their non-fasting plasma glucose levels at 12 weeks of age and the findings were compared with the data on a control group treated with citrate buffer alone. The natural courses of urinary excretion rate of total protein, the molecular composition by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with laser densitometer and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were measured in the three groups from 12 weeks until 36 weeks of age. Total urinary protein in the control group decreased with age (p less than 0.05), while in the mildly diabetic group changes were nil; in the severely diabetic group, however, the excretion rates of total urinary protein and high molecular weight protein consistently and progressively increased with age (p less than 0.05). The low molecular weight protein continuously decreased with age in the mildly diabetic and control groups (p less than 0.05), while in the severely diabetic group there was no decrease after 28 weeks of age. The urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase markedly increased (p less than 0.05) in the severely diabetic group throughout the period compared with findings in the control group, but drastically decreased (p less than 0.05) in the mildly diabetic group with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early development of nephropathy in a new model of spontaneously hypertensive rat with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 339 85

Hypertension in the malignant phase is all too commonly associated with impairment of renal function, which may be gross and dominate the clinical picture. In contrast, the vast majority of patients with essential hypertension show no evidence of impairment of renal function, despite the well recognized morbid anatomical changes of Renal haemodynamic changes can be detected in some two-thirds of hypertensive subjects with a variable decrease in renal blood flow and increase in filtration fraction. This pattern could be considered a potential mechanism for hyperfiltration damage to glomeruli, but there is no direct evidence. Estimates of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are not sensitive indices of early renal damage of hypertensive origin. Much more sensitive but relatively unexplored is the measurement of micro-albuminuria in hypertensive patients. There is some evidence that the degree of micro-albuminuria may correlate inversely with the control of arterial pressure in essential hypertension. These observations and the suggestion that increased urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase may be a sensitive index of renal tubular damage need further confirmation.
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PMID:Early assessment of organ involvement in hypertension: renal assessment. 386 41

Serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels were measured in 1080 residents in Tanushimaru, Fukuoka, aged 20 to 84 years old, during a periodical epidemiological survey performed in 1982. Thirteen pregnant women were excluded from this study. Serum NAG levels showed an increase with age, but were not different between sexes. We found high serum NAG values in those with high blood pressure, high serum total cholesterol, low serum HDL-cholesterol, or reduced creatinine clearance rate, and women with high serum uric acid, increased skinfold thickness, or high hematocrit. Multiple regression equation was as follows: NAG = 3.53 + 0.07 (age) + 0.14 (hematocrit) + 0.03 (total skinfold thickness) + 0.04 (systolic blood pressure) - 0.03 (HDL-cholesterol) - 0.04 (mean blood pressure) - 0.01 (creatinine clearance). The multiple correlation coefficient was 0.37 (F = 24.4). We suggest that NAG may be a useful index in screening cardiovascular impairment and for cardiovascular risk factors.
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PMID:Serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in a large population--a useful index of cardiovascular impairment. 396 64

The urinary output of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma GT) and of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was studied with "two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension' 3-6, 16-19 and 30-33 weeks after eliciting high blood pressure. gamma GT excretion rate of normotensive males was higher than that of females, while the activity of the renal tissue was on the same level. gamma GT output of hypertensive males was elevated in the early and in the middle stages of the disease, it was subnormal in the late stage. In females gamma GT output increased in animals with excessively high blood pressure (less than 200 mm Hg) only. gamma GT output correlated with the tissue activity in males only. In all animals there was an inverse, linear correlation between tissue gamma GT activity and the hydroxyproline content. The pattern of the NAG output was similar to that of gamma GT, however, excretion of NAG showed no sex differences and remained high in the late stage of the disease, too. Nephrosclerosis was less pronounced in female Goldblatt rats than in males.
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PMID:Enzymuria (the output of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) in the course of experimental renovascular hypertension. 611 50

The effect of castration of male rats with experimental renal hypertension ('two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension') was studied on the height of the hypertension and on the urinary output of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GT) and of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). Castration was carried out immediately after clamping one renal artery. Some of the castrates received testosterone substitution from the 3rd postoperative week onwards. Uncastrated hypertensive males served as controls. The experiments were carried out 8-18 weeks after eliciting high blood pressure. Hypertension as well as enzymuria were less expressed in castrates than in uncastrated males or in testosterone-substituted rats. In all animals studied the gamma GT excretion rate showed a positive correlation with the blood pressure. The output of gamma GT and of NAG as well as the specific gamma GT activity of the renal membrane fraction was lower in castrates than in uncastrated males or in substituted castrates. In uncastrated males and in testosterone-substituted castrates the daily NAG output showed a direct correlation with the renal hydroxyproline content. No such correlation was found in castrated males. The kidneys of castrates and of testosterone-substituted castrates contained less hydroxyproline than those of uncastrated males.
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PMID:Effect of castration and testosterone substitution on the urinary output of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase of male rats with renovascular hypertension. 613 47

Compared to values obtained in healthy normotensive control subjects, the serum activity of the lysosomal enzymes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta-glucuronidase, was found to be elevated in patients with mild or borderline hypertension. The serum activity of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase was the same in the two groups. Serum NAG activity in hypertension was inversely correlated with glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Because of the greater variability of beta-glucuronidase activity, there were no such correlations between the serum levels of this enzyme and the measurements of renal function.
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PMID:Increased serum glycosidase activity in human hypertension. 653 99

The pathophysiologic significance of increased serum and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in hypertension was investigated. The subjects were 32 male patients, aged 40-65 years, with mild or borderline, uncomplicated hypertension and 26 age-matched, male normotensive volunteers. Compared to values in control subjects, NAG activity in the serum, spot and 24-hour urine samples of hypertensive subjects was increased (p less than 0.01). Serum NAG activity in hypertensive subjects was inversely correlated with glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.49, p less than 0.01, N = 31) and renal plasma flow (r = -0.56, p less than 0.02, N = 19) and positively correlated with mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.40, p less than 0.05). The elevation of serum NAG activity in hypertension is a biochemical marker of the reduction in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow.
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PMID:Increased serum and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in human hypertension: early indicator of renal dysfunction. 672 92

Compared to values obtained in healthy normotensive control subjects, serum activity of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was found to be elevated in patients with untreated or treated essential hypertension and in patients with renovascular hypertension. Increased NAG activity in hypertension could not be ascribed to tissue necrosis because the serum levels of several commonly measured cytosolic enzymes were within normal limits. The kidney is a likely but unproven source of the enzyme elevation in hypertension.
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PMID:Increased serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in human hypertension. 707 94

In spontaneously hypertensive rats, prolonged hypertension caused a decrease in aortic cholesterol esterase activity with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity increased and acid phosphatase activity unchanged [3]. The present study was undertaken to compare these changes with those caused by other experimentally induced types of hypertension. Treatment with DOCA-salt for one month significantly elevated both aortic cholesterol esterase and acid phosphatase activities. In contrast, to spontaneous hypertension, venous changes were also observed. An intake of 1% NaCl ad libitum produced results similar to those with the DOCA-salt treatment, despite the fact that blood pressure did not increase. This suggested that humoral factors were the main cause of the elevated enzyme activities in DOCA-salt hypertension. In rats made hypertensive by unilateral renal arterial constriction with contralateral nephrectomy (one clip--one kidney hypertension) or without contralateral nephrectomy (one clip--two kidney hypertension), aortic cholesterol esterase activities were unchanged, while aortic N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and aortic and venous acid phosphatase activities were increased. These results show distinct differences in the response of lysosomal enzymes during the three hypertensive states.
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PMID:Aortic cholesterol esterase and other lysosomal enzyme activities in DOCA-salt, renal and spontaneous hypertension in the rat. 725 25

To investigate the clinical significance of the urinary glycosaminoglycans excretion rate (GER) in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. GER was measured by the dye-binding method (Whiteman, 1972) in nocturnal urines of 30 normoalbuminuric (urinary albumin albumin excretion rate (AER) < 10 micrograms/min) and 10 microalbuminuric (10 < or = AER < 200 micrograms/min) diabetics without hypertension and 24 healthy control subjects. The mean GER in microalbuminuric diabetics was 56.5 +/- 15.0 micrograms/min and was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (41.1 +/- 12.9 micrograms/min, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in GER between normoalbuminuric diabetics and the healthy controls (50.2 +/- 36.3 micrograms/min, p < 0.1). GER correlated positively with HbA1c levels in the diabetics (r = 0.451, p < 0.01). In diabetics with good glycemic control (HbA1c, < 8.0%), GER positively correlated with urinary transferrin and albumin excretion rates (r = 0.593, 0.584, both p < 0.01), whereas it did not correlate significantly with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion rate (NAGER). In diabetics with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > or = 8.0%), GER correlated positively with NAGER (r = 0.626, p < 0.01), whereas it did not correlate significantly with urinary transferrin and AER. These results indicate that GER may be affected by glycemic control and is associated with the severity of the glomerular basement membrane lesion in well-controlled diabetics and with the severity of the tubulointerstitial lesion in poorly controlled diabetics. The measurement of GER is useful for determining the pathophysiological state in incipient diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:[Urinary glycosaminoglycans in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy]. 769 49


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