Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ischemic optic neuropathy and retinal arterial occlusion are 2 forms of arterial occlusive disease affecting the eye. Reports in the literature suggest platelet hyperactivity in acute arterial occlusive diseases affecting other organ systems. Therefore, 14 patients with ischemic optic neuropathy and 17 patients with central or branch retinal artery occlusion were studied to determine whether platelets have a role in the pathogenesis of these vascular occlusive disorders. The results of the following investigations were no different in these patients compared with those in 18 control patients with non-vascular eye diseases: prothrombin times, partial thromboplastin times, plasma fibrinogen, factor V, factor VIII, platelet counts and threshold concentrations of ADP, epinephrine and collagen resulting in secondary platelet aggregation and serotonin release. In contrast, platelet coagulant activities concerned with the early stages of intrinsic coagulation were significantly increased in patients with retinal artery occlusion without hypertension or type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, but generally normal in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy and in patients with retinal artery occlusion associated with hypertension, type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus and generalized atherosclerosis. These results are consistent with a platelet contribution to retinal arterial occlusive disease in patients without other known contributing factors such as hypertension, serum lipid abnormalities, diabetes mellitus and generalized atherosclerosis and may have implications regarding prophylaxis.
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PMID:Platelet coagulant activities in arterial occlusive disease of the eye. 50 1

Factor VIII complex was studied in patients presenting arterial hypertension. Visceral involvement was quantified using a clinical index calculated from ocular fundus, renal function and left ventricular hypertrophy data. A significant correlation was found between the mean arterial pressure, the visceral involvement and the level of complex VIII. Nevertheless, other data obtained in different patients (Conn's disease) suggest that the visceral involvement (and not the mean arterial pressure) is the main determining factor in the increase of factor VIII complex.
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PMID:Increased level of factor VIII complex in severe arterial hypertension. 72 Sep 55

In elderly patients thromboses are especially important because of their frequency and consequences (invalidity) often demanding measures of rehabilitation. In thrombophilia there are prophylactic measures necessary founding upon new perceptions on pathogenesis (vascular wall factors; rheologic and microcirculatory factors and factors of hemostasis: increasing of factor VIII; decreasing of antithrombin III; hypofibrinolysis; increased aggregation of thrombocytes). In prophylaxis you should influence the predisposing factors (hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, adipositas), use dietetic and hygienic measures and also from the pharmalogical point medicines with complex effect, which not only act on one factor (blood coagulation) like the anticoagulants, but also on other pre-disposing factors; and at the same time activate the fibrinolysis and stop the aggregation of thrombocytes. Thrombolytica should be used in elderly patients with precaution. In hemorrhages in the age especially capillary protecting medicaments should be used to correct the increased fragility of capillaries. Of there is at the some time a arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity.
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PMID:[Thromboses and haemorrhages in geriatrics (author's transl)]. 101 38

A group of 196 outpatients among whom 112 non-insulin-dependent diabetics were divided into 4 subgroups according to whether they had vascular disorders or not. For statistical evaluation by means of correlation coefficient and chi-square test both risk factors (smoking, family history, arterial hypertension, BMI) and laboratory values (total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, HbA1c, factor VIII, PF4, BTG) were taken into account. Our findings confirm the relevance of risk factors and the need for diabetic patients to be metabolically well balanced; PF4, BTG, and factor VII were normal in all patients which suggests that these are not suitable, as far as the present study is concerned, to be considered markers of vascular disorders. An interesting correlation was found between these factors and serum triglycerides, especially in the subgroup of diabetics with vascular disorders. An interesting finding was the increase of fibrinogen in subjects with vascular disorders especially in non-diabetics.
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PMID:[Atherosclerosis: the risk factors]. 149 67

In a study of biological risk factors for sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease, 320 patients were, prospectively, recruited and followed-up over two years. None of the patients had heart failure or recent myocardial infarction. The following variables were recorded: previous acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, smoking habits, ventricular arrhythmia; the angiographic variables included: left ventricular ejection fraction, Jenkins' and mean atherosclerotic scores; lipid profile: cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins Al and B; hemostatic profile: fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A, antithrombin III, factor VIII antigen, factor VIII coagulant, protein C, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, euglobulin clot lysis time and tissue plasminogen activator before and after venous occlusion, tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor, platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin. During the follow-up period, 12 of the patients died suddenly. In these patients, ejection fraction was lower: 49 +/- 16% versus 61 +/- 14% for the other patients (P less than 0.02), fibrinogen higher: 3.9 +/- 0.8 g/l versus 3.5 +/- 0.8 for the living patients (P less than 0.05) and protein C lower: 89 +/- 39% versus 111 +/- 39% (P = 0.06) for the other patients. In multivariate analysis: lower ejection fraction (P less than 0.008), older age (P less than 0.03) and lower protein C (P less than 0.01) were correlated with sudden death. Among the patients with coronary artery disease, the raised fibrinogen and the decreased protein C appeared to be risk factors for sudden cardiac death. These alterations reflected a prothrombotic state which might increase the ischemic risk, due to an acute thrombosis, leading to the fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Determination of these hemostatic variables might be a useful adjunct for assessment of the vital prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease, especially the risk of sudden death in addition to other known clinical, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic risk factors. This would also guide both the instigation of complementary investigations and appropriate therapy in such high risk group of patients.
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PMID:Biological risk factors for sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease and without heart failure. 156 56

During pregnancy there is an elevation of factor VIII. In hypertensive pregnancy this increase may be smaller. On the other hand factor VIII associated antigen-factor VIII-ratio is said to be increased in these women compared with normotensive ones. There is a discussions about using these change for early detection of PIH. Estimations of factor VIII have been made chemically. Estimations of factor VIII associated antigen have been carried out immunologically. Factor VIII associated antigen-factor VIII-ratio was higher in pregnant women with hypertension than in normotensive ones.
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PMID:[Factor VIII-associated antigen/factor VIII ratio in pregnant patients with and without hypertension]. 211 22

We describe a case of cardiac myxoma in a 44-year-old Japanese man, who died after developing metastases in the skin, brain and muscle. A satellite tumor which was attached to the wall of the abdominal aorta induced marked hypertension due to obstruction of the renal arteries. Although the primary heart tumor had typical histological features of benign cardiac myxoma, the recurrent heart tumor, which was partly resected three months before the patient's death, showed apparently malignant characteristics resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Since the histological features of the initial and recurrent tumors were different, the grade of malignancy was investigated using the cellularity of the tumor as an arbitrary criterion. A gradual but significant increase in the cellularity was observed over the course of five years. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in the muscle metastasis contained vimentin and factor VIII-related antigen, and multinucleated giant cells in the recurrent heart tumor contained desmin, which is rarely detectable in MFH. Therefore, we considered that the present case represented malignant transformation of benign cardiac myxoma.
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PMID:Sequential malignant transformation of cardiac myxoma. 226 Apr 76

Microangiopathy and disseminated platelet aggregation have been reported in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Since unusually large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers have been implicated in the evolvement of TTP, we analyzed factor VIII/vWF parameters in patients with PIH. Mean vWF: Ag level was significantly higher in 27 patients with PIH as compared to 20 matched healthy pregnant women (358 +/- 160 u/dl vs. 274 +/- 125 u/dl. p less than 0.05). Moreover, plasma vWF: Ag levels and the ratio of vWF: Ag to factor VIII were found to be linearly correlated to the severity of PIH. In contrast, no significant differences in mean levels of factor VIII and ristocetin cofactor were observed between these groups. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of vWF revealed a higher incidence of a pre-peak and an increased migration index in the PIH group as compared to the control group (60% vs. 44% and 1.27 +/- 0.26 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.18, p less than 0.01 respectively). Analysis of plasma vWF multimer patterns by 1.4% agarose electrophoresis in 0.1% SDS revealed excessive amounts of large, medium and small size multimers in the PIH patients. Conceivably, the quantitative changes in vWF multimers reflect endothelial injury and may play a role in the microangiopathy observed in PIH.
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PMID:von Willebrand factor multimer patterns in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 251 Mar 50

We conducted a prospective study of serial intravenous digital subtraction angiography to determine the relation of arterial disease risk factors and hemostatic variables with the presence of visible atheroma at the carotid bifurcation. Of the 492 patients with cerebrovascular disease or ischemic heart disease who entered the study, 354 had hematologic studies, including platelet aggregation in 230. Abnormal angiograms were associated with greater age, treated hypertension, current smoking, and lower hemoglobin levels but with higher uric acid, factor VIII, and fibrinogen concentrations. In patients presenting with isolated transient ischemic attacks, abnormal angiograms were also associated with higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. To study atheroma progression, the 230 patients with complete data at entry were recalled 2 years later. Repeat angiography in 209 patients showed progression of visible bifurcation disease in 13.4%. There was some evidence that progression was linked to higher age, hypertension, and more severe disease at entry, but further analysis was hampered by the small number of patients showing increased plaque size. The possible role of risk factors and hemostatic variables, especially fibrinogen, is discussed. Factors that did not correlate with progression of angiographically visible disease may also influence clinical end points by other mechanisms, such as thrombogenesis.
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PMID:Arterial disease risk factors and angiographic evidence of atheroma of the carotid artery. 236 11

Arterial hypertension is the most important risk factor in all types of stroke. The significance of alcohol in the pathogenesis of stroke is less well defined. Chronic alcoholism leads to an elevation of blood pressure. Thus, the association between alcohol and stroke might be the blood pressure effect of alcohol. However, some studies have shown a significant influence of alcohol on the incidence of stroke--especially of intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage--even after adjustment for blood pressure. Many possible pathomechanisms are discussed. Alcohol inhibits aggregation of thrombocytes, and chronic alcohol abuse may induce thrombocytopenia, which could lead to a haemorrhagic stroke. Alcohol withdrawal leads to rebound thrombocytosis. Acute alcohol ingestion induces a decrease in fibrinolytic activity and an increase in factor VIII activity, which enhances the thrombotic potential. Additionally, alcohol increases plasma osmolarity, erythrocyte aggregability, haematocrit and blood viscosity, and decreases deformability of erythrocytes. The effects of alcohol on cerebral blood flow are still under debate; there is a deterioration in autoregulation of cerebral blood flow anyway. In animal studies alcohol induced dose-dependent vasospasm of the cerebral blood vessels, which could be a possible pathomechanism in ischaemic, as well as in haemorrhagic stroke. Chronic alcoholism is the most common cause of secondary non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, which can lead to cerebral embolism via rhythm disorders or intracardiac thrombus formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Does alcohol consumption promote the manifestation of strokes? Considerations on pathophysiology]. 328 8


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