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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Persons participating in a 5-day diagnostic protocol were routinely typed for ABO, Rh, MNS, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, P, Haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM-1), and acid phosphatase (AcP). The study population was composed of 164 normotensive whites, 34 normotensive blacks, 161 whites and 43 blacks with essential hypertension, and 52 whites with secondary forms of hypertension (18 atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives, 17 patients with fibromuscular disease, and 17 patients with primary aldosteronism). There were no significant differences in phenotype frequencies in ABO, Rh, Kidd, Kell, Duffy, P, Haptoglobin, PGM-1 or AcP in any of the comparisons. However, there was a significantly different distribution of MNS phenotypes in comparisons of essential and atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives with normotensive controls. Essential hypertensives had a lower frequency of the S gene and a higher frequency of s in whites (X2 = 12.21, p less than 0.005). Atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives differed from the normotensive population in the frequencies of both MN (X 2 = 4.34, p less than 0.05) and Ss (X2 = 4.21, p less than 0.05). The finding of disease-blood group associations supports the hypothesis that there may be significant physiological differences between individuals of different blood types.
Hypertension
PMID:Association of blood groups with essential and secondary hypertension. A possible association of the MNS system. 16 54

The diagnosis of arterial hypertension among male volunteers, aged 40 to 49 years, depended to a great extent on the ABO group phenotype. Among those with AB phenotype the chances to have arterial hypertension are 46% higher than among those with the remaining 3 groups of blood. The ABO phenotype appeared to produce no significant effect upon the level of hypercholesterolemia. Males with A and AB phenotypes tended to have hypercholesterolemia more often than others. The obtained data may serve as an additional criterion for early detection of the most vulnerable contingents of individuals so that preventive measures against ischaemic heart disease and arterial hypertension could be taken.
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PMID:[Relationship between serum cholesterol content, arterial blood pressure and the ABO blood group phenotype in middle-aged men]. 88 31

Many cases of cardiovascular diseases have been examined in reference to the distribution of ABO blood-groups, in order to calculate the relative risk of disease and the hemogroupal distributive significance in our samples as related to those of other authors, using combined calculation. The analysis concerned the following cases: 746 with arterial hypertension, 3258 with congenital heart disease, 4503 with articular rheumatism, 1047 with acquired valvulopathia, and respective controls. It was found that blood-group phenotypes represent an important biophysiopathological action in regard to articular rheumatism and its cardiac consequences, in myocardial infarction and in hypertension, males only. On the contrary, no action in regard to congenital heart disease was found, with the exception of some single anomalies which have yet to be confirmed. This hemogroupal action greatly exceeds the one limited to the immunitary analogy and is a noticeable part of family heredity. It shows itself in: -- a significant negative association with group O and positive association with group A in the myocardial infarction; -- a significant negative association with group O and positive for the others in the valvulopathic (rheumatic) diseases; -- a positive association with A phenotype and negative with B in arterial hypertension, males only; -- no association with ABO blood-groups and congenital heart disease.
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PMID:[ABO blood-group phenotypes and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Congenital, rheumatic and coronaric heart disease and arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. 120 47

In the frame of an epidemiologic study of Hansen's disease (HD) sufferers, several risk factors have been investigated which might explain the high prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) among HD patients. The data analyzed in the present study are derived from 293 HD patients (157 men and 136 women). The patients, after having completed a WHO adopted questionnaire, were given a complete physical examination, a resting and an exercise electrocardiogram, and biochemical as well as hematological examinations. Coronary HD patients, when compared to noncoronary HD patients, showed statistically significant differences in the following parameters: (1) mean age, (2) mean concentration of the electrophoretic fraction of alpha-lipoproteins, (3) deviation from mean weight, (4) prevalence of hypertension, and (5) prevalence of the borderline lepromatous form of HD. However, the differences found when comparing other parameters, such as blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, triglycerides, pre-beta and beta-lipoproteins, uric acid, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ABO blood groups, etc., did not reach the level of significance. These findings suggest that HD sufferers are a special population subgroup with reference to CHD risk factors, differing in many ways from the general population.
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PMID:Coronary heart disease risk factors in Hansen's disease sufferers. 161 24

Although liver transplantation is now accepted as the ideal therapy for end-stage liver disease, relatively few centers have gained a large experience in children, and good results have been elusive. Technical difficulty and a high incidence of graft failure are among the obstacles to success. At the University of California at Los Angeles, 39% of our liver transplants are in the patients who are younger than 18 years. We have analyzed our experience with 103 patients to emphasize factors important to a favorable outcome with the procedure. One hundred twenty-three transplants were performed in 103 children (mean age, 5.2 years; 48% younger than 3 years). No reduced-size grafts were used. Scrupulous attention to technical details of the vascular reconstruction, including frequent use of the supraceliac aorta of the recipient and interrupted suture techniques, ensured construction of sound hepatic artery and portal vein anastomoses at the first operation. Preoperative exchange transfusions were used if the prothrombin time was prolonged beyond 7 seconds, resulting in an average blood loss of only 3.3 volumes. Cyclosporine dosage was maintained in the high therapeutic range for the first 4 weeks, and anti-T-cell antibody (OKT3) was used for rejection (38%). Amphotericin prophylaxis was used for biliary atresia patients with multiple previous operations. Eighty-two of one hundred three patients (80%) are alive. There were no intraoperative deaths. Actuarial survival rates at 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years are 80%, 79%, and 77%, respectively. Survival of patients who underwent transplantation at age less than 1 year is 65% versus 85% at age more than 1 year (p = 0.08). Retransplantation was performed in 19 patients (18%), with a survival rate of 58%. Hepatic artery thrombosis, the most frequent technical complication, occurred in only 16 patients (13%). Survival rates of ABO identical-match versus nonidentical-match grafts were 96% and 60%, respectively (p = 0.02). Graft survival was only 47% if more than one steroid cycle was needed, compared to 75% survival with OKT3 treatment. Despite impairment of renal function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] less than 80 cc/kg/min) in 54% of patients and hypertension requiring therapy in 27%, 90% of the children demonstrated enhancement of growth, development, and functional status. The following conclusions were made. (1) Pediatric liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for all types of end-stage liver disease and should be considered early. (2) Factors that enhance survival include technical precision, aggressive retransplantation, antifungal chemoprophylaxis and therapy, and judicious immunosuppression with use of OKT3 for rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Liver transplantation in children. 198 38

Genetic markers would be useful to study the transmission of type 2 diabetes and to identify patients with enhanced risk of development of late diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected possible genetic markers on the development of diabetic complications. One hundred and eighty patients with type 2 diabetes (79 males, 101 females) were therefore studied with respect to ABO and Rh blood grouping and chlorpropamide alcohol flush (CPAF) and acetylator phenotype status, in addition to life style (smoking, dietary, alcohol and drug taking habits) and metabolic indexes (HbA1, M-value, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides), with regard to late complications coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension (AH), peripheral vascular disorders (PVD), retinopathy and nephropathy. None of the genetic markers considered appeared to be associated with diabetic complications. Multiple logistic analysis identified different risk-factors for each complication: AH and age for CHD; hyperlipidaemia for AH; age of patients for PVD; duration of diabetes for retinopathy; AH for nephropathy. It is concluded that the possible genetic markers evaluated in this study do not identify a higher or lower risk for late complications. On the contrary, most of the risk factors identified support previous studies. Active correction of these risk-factors might improve the overall prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Risk factors for micro- and macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetes: lack of association with acetylator phenotype, chlorpropamide alcohol flush and ABO and Rh blood groups. 311 87

The genetic background seems to be involved in the development of type I diabetes and it might also be involved in the development of diabetic complications, but studies carried out so far have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some genetic markers and metabolic factors in the development of late diabetic complications. One hundred and twenty-seven patients (69 males, 58 females) with type I diabetes were evaluated for ABO and Rh blood groups, chlorpropamide alcohol flush (CPAF) and acetylator phenotype (AP) as well as for life-habits (smoking, alcohol use, diet and drug compliance), metabolic indexes (M-value, HbA1, cholesterol and triglyceride levels) and late complications of diabetes [coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension (AH), retinopathy and nephropathy]. Diabetic patients were more frequently fast acetylators and CPAF positive than controls and CPAF was more frequent among females than among males. None of the genetic markers used in this study appeared as a risk factor for the development of diabetic complications. At multiple logistic analysis different risk factors appeared for each microangiopathic complication. For retinopathy: female sex, duration of disease and triglyceride levels; for nephropathy: male sex, cholesterol levels and hypertension. These risk factors have already been recognized in previous studies, while the genetic markers evaluated in our study do not identify a greater or smaller risk for the development of late complications.
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PMID:Genetic and metabolic risk factors for the development of late complications in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. 347 Oct 27

Five multigenerational kindreds with familial hypertension were typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and blood group antigens to investigate genetic factors that influence variability in blood pressure. Pedigree analysis revealed that children of matings in which both parents were hypertensive had a significantly greater risk of hypertension than children of matings in which one parent or neither parent was hypertensive. Blood types N and MN were abnormally distributed among hypertensive as compared with normotensive members of white but not black families. The distribution of ABO and Rh types was not significantly different between hypertensive and normotensive siblings. When all possible pairings of siblings were examined for HLA haplotype sharing, abnormal distributions were observed among hypertensive sib pairs whereas the expected mendelian segregation was observed among hypertensive-normotensive sib pairs and normotensive-normotensive sib pairs. These results suggest the genetic factors controlling variation in blood pressure may include loci in the region of the MN locus on chromosome 4 and, possibly, the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6.
Hypertension 1987 Jun
PMID:Possible association of MN locus haplotypes with essential hypertension. 358 3

By means of a case-control study conducted between October 1, 1978, and July 31, 1981, in Tilburg, The Netherlands, various characteristics and events, including personal data, health-related behavior, and medical history, were evaluated as risk factors for stroke. The study subjects included 132 stroke patients and 239 age- and sex-matched control patients interviewed at the two city hospitals. To assess joint effects and possible interactions, and to control for multiple confounding factors, a series of multivariate logistic models for matched data were studied. From this analysis, it appeared that hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, transient cerebral ischemic attacks, obesity, physical activity during leisure time, education of head of household, and Rhesus factor were all significant stroke risk factors. These risk determinants demonstrated a multiplicative effect in general; however, the influence of some variables on stroke risk was not constant with age (hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, obesity, and Rhesus factor) and sex (hypertension and education of head of household). The relationship of diabetes mellitus to stroke slightly decreased and became nonsignificant after adjustment for factors besides age and sex. Stroke risk was not associated with cigarette and alcohol use, family history of stroke and related disorders, marital status, and ABO blood typing.
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PMID:Multivariate logistic analysis of risk factors for stroke in Tilburg, The Netherlands. 663 79

Net fluxes of sodium and potassium ions were determined in sodium-loaded, potassium-depleted erythrocytes from 370 white subjects, 194 of whom had essential hypertension or had been born to parents with essential hypertension. Findings were compared with those in 86 controls who were normotensive and did not have a family history of hypertension. Compared with controls all patients with essential hypertension had a low sodium to potassium ratio secondary to a deficit in the sodium-potassium cotransport system. A similar abnormality was found in subjects born to parents with essential hypertension, the prevalences of a deficient cotransport system in such subjects being 53.6% (52 out of 97) among those with one hypertensive parent and 73.7% (14 out of 19) among those with two hypertensive parents. Both sexes were equally affected. Studies in 14 families over two or three generations showed the erythrocyte cation abnormality in one or more members of each consecutive generation. No close association was evident between the deficient erythrocyte sodium-potassium cotransport system and either blood groups ABO, Rh, Kidd, Duffy, P, and MNS or the major histocompatibility HLA antigens. Out of 90 consecutive unrelated and normotensive white blood donors, 36 showed a low erythrocyte sodium-potassium net flux ratio. It is concluded that in white people abnormal erythrocyte cation transport is a biochemical disorder characteristic of essential hypertension and transmitted by a dominant and autosomal mode expressing a single abnormal gene.
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PMID:Inheritance of abnormal erythrocyte cation transport in essential hypertension. 678 58


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