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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between calcitrophic hormones and blood pressure has been investigated in 583 elderly subjects who were untreated for hypertension. Univariate analysis demonstrated that serum parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, albumin and calcium were correlated significantly with mean blood pressure (r = +0.15, +0.10, +0.14 and +0.11, respectively), as were body mass index and age (r = +0.19 and +0.10, respectively). Parathyroid hormone also was correlated positively with both age and calcitriol (r = +0.34 and +0.15, respectively) and negatively with plasma calcium and albumin (r = -0.09 and -0.09, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that when allowing for age and body mass index, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol were both significant independent determinants of the mean blood pressure. When other independent variables were included in the analysis, parathyroid hormone but not calcitriol remained a significant predictor of mean blood pressure. This study has demonstrated a weak but significant relationship between blood pressure and calcitrophic hormones in a group of elderly people. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that hypertension may be due in part to calcium deficiency.
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PMID:Relationship between calcitrophic hormones and blood pressure in elderly subjects. 818 Jun 67

Although Ca in small quantities plays a fundamental role in cell activation, excessive intracellular Ca accumulation results in severe cellular damage and is a major factor in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. Paradoxically, high Ca intake may be beneficial in unrelated disorders such as arterial hypertension, nephrolithiasis and in the prevention of colon cancer. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) could be the link capable to explain this paradox. PTH stimulates cellular calcium influx. Under normal conditions, this effect takes place only in target tissues for the hormone, but in the presence of altered cell-membrane permeability for calcium, normal plasma PTH may be detrimental, enhancing cellular calcium influx. Thus, the suppression of PTH secretion by a high Ca intake would result in a reduced PTH-induced cellular Ca accumulation in genetically predisposed tissues with a loose cellular Ca control. Thus, parathyroid ablation in dystrophic hamster reduces the elevated muscle Ca observed in muscular dystrophy and causes histological improvement without altering the serum Ca concentration. The amount of dietary Ca required is not firmly established, but anthropological observations suggest a daily intake of approximately 1600 mg, much higher than the present average Ca intake in Western societies. Thus, a higher Ca intake would be beneficial in the treatment, and more importantly, in the prevention of multiple diseases.
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PMID:[New perspectives in calcium metabolism]. 820 35

Abnormal calcium metabolism has been implicated in human hypertension. Caffeine consumption may contribute to hypertension since it increases urinary calcium excretion. Nineteen hypertensive subjects (HTN) and nineteen age and gender matched normotensive controls (NTC) who habitually consumed at least 175 mg caffeine daily were studied before and after abstinence from all caffeine (CAF) consumption for 2 weeks. Caffeine abstinence (CAF-) increased fasting serum ultrafiltrable calcium in HTN and NTC, but not serum total calcium. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels decreased after CAF abstinence in 14 of 18 HTN subjects, including all seven subjects consuming less than 700 mg calcium daily. Three day dietary calcium intakes and 72 h urinary excretion of calcium were not different between CAF+ and CAF- or between HTN and NTC. A morning caffeine dose of 6 mg/kg lean body mass increased urinary Ca/creatinine ratios similarly for 2 h after beverage consumption in both HTN and NTC. Caffeine consumption stresses calcium metabolism in hypertensive individuals, especially those consuming less than 700 mg calcium daily.
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PMID:Interactions between dietary calcium and caffeine consumption on calcium metabolism in hypertensive humans. 869 20

Over the past 40 years primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) has changed from a rare, severe disease of the bones and kidneys to a common disease with hypertension, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, easy fatigue and proximal muscle weakness. We have during these 40 years examined one of the greatest group of patients with PHP. PHP had its maximum incidence in women over the age of 40. The disease is four times frequent in women as in man. The incidence of hypertension and peptic ulcer between patients with PHP is higher as compared with the incidence of these diseases in general populations. The severity of bone changes in individual patients with PHP does not result from the direct action of a single hormone only. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) have hypotensive and vasodilator effects on various vascular beds. The resting blood flow in the limbs of our patients with PHP is increased in comparison with control subjects. PTH increases plasma renin activity in normotensive controls. This effect is partly blocked by beta adrenergic blockers.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism]. 871 83

The purpose of this study was to clarify the possible associations between the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) level and blood pressure. Cross-sectional analysis of data was performed. Data collected included levels of serum calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, and blood lead; blood pressure; dietary history; and demographic and anthropometric variables. One hundred normotensive male industrial employees made up the study population. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were main outcome measures. After possible confounders were controlled for, multivariate analyses yielded an inverse, independent, and statistically significant association between calcitriol level and systolic blood pressure (standardized beta= -0.2704, P=.0051). A similar trend of borderline significance was found for the association between calcitriol and diastolic blood pressure (standardized beta= -0.1814, P=.0611). Parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, and blood lead levels were not associated with blood pressure. When subjects were divided into four groups by calcitriol level, those in the lowest quartile showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those in the upper quartile (difference=11 mmHg, P=.007, and difference=4 mmHg, P=.071, respectively). There is an inverse association between serum calcitriol level and blood pressure. This suggests that in addition to its role in calcium homeostasis, the active metabolite of vitamin D may play a role in determining blood pressure. The differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures between the upper and lower quartiles of serum calcitriol were substantial and may be of clinical significance.
Hypertension 1997 Nov
PMID:Association of calcitriol and blood pressure in normotensive men. 936 90

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is expressed throughout the cardiovascular system including coronary endothelial cells. Factors involved in the regulation of cardiac PTHrP expression have not been examined before. This study investigates the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1)on ventricular PTHrP expression. Coronary endothelial cells were isolated from ventricles of adult rats and PTHrP protein expression in these cultures was analysed by immunoblotting. TGF-beta(1)caused a concentration-dependent reduction in PTHrP protein within 24 h. In transgenic mice over-expressing TGF-beta(1)ventricular PTHrP protein expression and release was reduced compared to non-transgenic littermates. Similar concerns hold for PTHrP mRNA content (RT-PCR). Since ventricular TGF-beta(1)expression increases under pathophysiological conditions like arterial hypertension, ventricular PTHrP expression was further determined in aging spontaneously hypertensive (SHR-SP) and normotensive rats. TGF- beta(1)expression was increased in SHR-SP and ventricular PTHrP mRNA expression was downregulated at the age of 10 months. PTHrP expression did not recover in elder SHR-SP in which TGF-beta(1)expression was normalized again. Finally, we investigated ventricular PTHrP expression in rats after banding of the ascending aorta which generates a pressure induced hypertrophy without an induction of TGF-beta(1)expression. In ventricles from these animals, PTHrP expression was transiently increased and normalized at day 3. In conclusion, PTHrP expression was reduced under all conditions in which coronary endothelial cells were exposed to TGF-beta(1). PTHrP expression does not correlate with cardiac hypertrophy. Since coronary endothelial cells represent the majority of PTHrP producing cells in the ventricle its downregulation by TGF- beta(1)seems to be relevant for the paracrine effects of PTHrP.
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PMID:TGF-beta(1) downregulates PTHrP in coronary endothelial cells. 1144 22

Active Absorbable Algal Calcium (AAA Ca) is made by submaximally (800 degrees ) heating cleaned oyster shell under reduced pressure and mixing it with similarly heated seaweed (Cystophyllum fusiforme). AAA Ca, the best absorbed from the intestine than other available calcium compounds, consequently most efficiently suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion, increases bone mineral density and decreases vertebral fracture. Aging is associated with calcium deficiency, mostly because of the decreased biosynthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D in the kidney. Parathyroid hormone consequently increases, contributing to various diseases associated with aging such as osteoporosis or decrease of calcium in the bone, as well as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and osteoarthritis due to paradoxical increase of calcium in vascular walls, brain, cartilage and intracellular compartment of many kinds of cells. Mild calcium deficiency is hard to detect despite these serious consequences because of the remarkable constancy of blood calcium concentration maintained by elaborate homeostatic control. Only by successfully counteracting calcium deficiency by AAA Ca with outstanding absorbability, the phenomenon of calcium paradox becomes a recognizable reality within our reach.
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PMID:[Active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa) changes calcium paradigm]. 1563 77

Active Absorbable Algal Calcium (AAA Ca) is made by submaximally (800 degrees C) heating cleaned oyster shell under reduced pressure and mix it with similarly heated seaweed (Cystophyllum fusiforme). AAA Ca, best absorbed from the intestine among available calcium compounds, consequently most efficiently suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion, increases bone mineral density and decreases vertebral fracture. Aging is associated with calcium deficiency, mostly because of the decreased biosynthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D in the kidney. Parathyroid hormone consequently increases, contributing to various diseases associated with aging such as osteoporosis or decrease of calcium in the bone, as well as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and osteoarthritis due to paradoxical increase of calcium in vascular walls, brain, cartilage and intracellular compartment of many kinds of cells. Mild calcium deficiency is hard to detect despite these serious consequences because of the remarkable constancy of blood calcium concentration maintained by elaborate homeostatic control. Only by successfully counteracting calcium deficiency by AAA Ca with outstanding absorbability, the phenomenon of calcium paradox becomes a recognizable reality within our reach.
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PMID:Active Absorbable Algal Calcium (AAA Ca): new Japanese technology for osteoporosis and calcium paradox disease. 1564 84

This study was designed to examine how such factors as hemodialysis parameters, body mass index, renin and aldosterone concentrations, sympathetic nervous activity, and parathyroid hormone concentrations are associated with the control of hypertension in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients (n=114) were grouped into four categories. Group 1 had normal BP without antihypertensive medication. Group 2 needed one antihypertensive drug, Group 3 needed combination of two or three categories of antihypertensive drugs without minoxidil. Group 4 needed more than three categories of antihypertensive drugs including minoxidil. Parathyroid hormone, beta2-microglobulin, renin and aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and hemodialysis parameters were measured. The fractional clearance of urea as Kt/V urea was significantly lower in Group 3 and Group 4 than in Group 2 (p<0.01). Concentrations of parathyroid hormone were significantly higher in Group 4 than the other groups (p<0.01). Pre-hemodialysis norepinephrine concentrations were significantly higher in Group 4 than the other groups (p<0.05). Traditional factors associated with hypertension did not seem to be relevant to the degree of hypertension in hemodialysis patients in the present study. In conclusion, poor Kt/V urea, elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations, and elevated concentrations of plasma norepinephrine seemed to be the factors that might be associated with control of hypertension in hemodialysis patients.
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PMID:Associations between sympathetic activity, plasma concentrations of renin, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone, and the degree of intractability of blood pressure control in modialysis patients. 1772 96

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by parathyroid glands and is the main known factor that control plasma calcium concentration. There are many indications that PTH or products of PTH degradation influence the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). These observations might be important in diseases accompanied with the overproduction of PTH such as primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). It was shown that the six amino acids PTH precursor-PRO-PTH with reversed sequence (PRO-rs), which contains a rare tripeptide -Arg-Lys-Lys- fragment, induces significant hypertensive response in rats. This strong alkali tripeptide is also present in the position 25-27 of the PTH molecule. The aim of the present study was to synthesize, by the solid phase peptide synthesis method, PTH fragments including the -Arg-Lys-Lys- sequence and test their influence on blood pressure and calcium plasma concentration in rats. Our study demonstrated that PTH(25-34) and the acetylated amide analogue of PTH(25-30), (Ac-PTH(25-30)-NH(2)) were hypertensive in the physiological doses. The presence of strong alkali sequence -Arg-Lys-Lys- in PTH(25-30) fragment is not sufficient to induce hypertension either in physiological or pharmacological doses in rats. Therefore, both the proximity of the -Arg-Lys-Lys- sequence and length of the peptide might also play roles as pressure factors.
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PMID:Hypertensive activity of synthesized PTH(25-34) and Ac-PTH(25-30)-NH2 in rats. 1901 89


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