Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary hemodynamics in anesthetized rats was studied during long-term residence (2,5 and 10 months) at high altitude (3,200 m, Tien Shan). Transbronchial regional electroplethysmography and catheterization of pulmonary artery was used. It has been shown that at all periods of adaptation there was increased systolic pressure in pulmonary artery and practically unchanged diastolic one. Some regional redistributions of pulmonary blood flow and blood volume for five different lung parts were demonstrated. Hemoglobin content in erythrocytes was steadily increased while specific electric blood resistance, hematocrit, and number of erythrocytes did not change so significantly. The role of pulmonary arterial hypertension and changes of other studied indices of hemodynamics and red blood in adaptation to chronic high-altitude hypoxia are being discussed.
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PMID:[The hemodynamics of the lesser circulation and blood indices in rats under long-term high-altitude hypoxia]. 252 7

The frequency of pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) was higher in older than in younger rats. Hemoglobin and protein contents in pulmonary lavage fluid which may indicate alveolar hemorrhage showed an increase with the progress of age, but the difference of hemorrhagic levels was much more in older rats than that of younger ones. A strong relationship between hemoglobin and protein contents of pulmonary lavage fluid was observed. Morphologically, the most striking feature was fibrinoid degeneration of the vascular walls in the center of hemorrhagic lesions of the lung, not only in the capillaries but also in small arteries. In the early stage of hemorrhage, endothelial discontinuity exhibited intraluminal fibrin deposits in this area of the vessels. Erythrocytes and polygonal deposits of fibrin could also be seen within the same vascular walls. In the advanced stage, subendothelial spaces and medial layers of vascular walls contained an electron-dense amorphous material which was consisted to be a degradation product of fibrinogen. The occurrence of this substance was thought to be induced by the hemodynamic effects of hypertension, the results of increased permeability and the accumulation of blood components. From these results, we suggest that fibrinoid degeneration due to abnormal cellular permeability associated with hypertension in SHRSP may be in some way linked to the development of pulmonary hemorrhage.
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PMID:Vascular changes involved in pulmonary hemorrhage of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 262 47

18 anemic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) 1-3 times per week for 10.7 +/- 3 months. 4 patients underwent renal transplantation whereas 14 patients could be followed up during 12 months of EPO treatment. Hemoglobin concentration rose (from 7.0 +/- 0.7 to 11.0 +/- 1.1 g/dl, p less than 0.001) with an EPO maintenance dose of 298 units/kg/week. Blood transfusions were totally eliminated. 12 patients without iron overload required iron supplements. In the course of an infectious episode and notwithstanding an increase in EPO dosage, 2 patients exhibited a fall in hemoglobin which rose again after successful treatment of the infection. The few complications observed in connection with the rise in hemoglobin were: 1. deterioration of arterial hypertension in 7/18 with hypertensive encephalopathy in 3 patients, 2. thrombotic occlusion of the vascular hemodialysis access (a-v fistula) in 3/18, 3. periarticular inflammation with calcified deposits due to an elevated calcium-phosphorus product of 6.8 mmol/l in 4/18, 4. occurrence of hyperkalemia (6.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/l) in 7/18. These complications were more frequent during the first 3 months. They were corrected with close monitoring, drug therapy for hypertension, and intensification of dialysis and of treatment with phosphate binding substances, with the result that no differences were found in 14 patients before and after 12 months of treatment with EPO (blood pressure 133 +/- 25/77 +/- 9 vs 139 +/- 26/79 +/- 13 mm Hg [ns], potassium 5.4 +/- 0.4 vs 5.6 +/- 1.0 mmol/l [ns] and calcium-phosphorus product 4.3 +/- 1.0 vs 4.6 +/- 1.3 [ns]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Treatment of anemia in hemodialysis patients using recombinant human erythropoietin: advantages and disadvantages]. 271 Nov 61

Treatment of diabetics with end-stage renal failure is still a hazard. We report on 33 insulin-dependent diabetic patients who were treated with CAPD over a period of up to 70 months. Seven of them have been transplanted. The evaluation of the clinical and biological parameters serum protein, phosphate, calcium, revealed acceptable values. Hemoglobin rose during the treatment period. Hypertension improved and medication was reduced. HbAlc levels were near normal with subcutaneous application of insulin. Peritonitis rate was 1/18 patient-months. Survival rate was comparable with other centers with 83% in the first and 62% in the second year. In 7 patients that have been transplanted no CAPD-related problems arose after transplantation. 6 of them are still doing well; one returned to CAPD because of graft failure. In conclusion, because of good control of hypertension, blood glucose and anemia and the avoidance of fluctuating volumes, we think CAPD to be the best method for diabetics awaiting transplantation and for those that cannot be transplanted.
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PMID:CAPD and transplantation in diabetics. 305 57

Eleven children aged 0.6-17 years with preterminal chronic renal failure and anemia (mean serum creatinine concentration 4.8 mg/dl; mean hemoglobin concentration 7.9 g/dl) were treated with sc injections of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO, initial dose 150 U/kg/week) over a mean period of 13 months. When a target hemoglobin concentration of 11.5-13.5 g/dl was reached, the dose was adapted. Iron deficiency was corrected. Hemoglobin concentration increased by > 2 g/dl in all patients within 14-119 (mean 45) days. The last maintenance dose ranged between 75 and 300 (mean 133) U/kg/week. No major adverse effects were observed, except for hypertension which occurred in about half of the patients and necessitated interruption of EPO in one child with advanced renal failure. Additional antihypertensive drugs were given to five patients. Body height increased in two patients by 0.6 and 1.3 SDS/year, respectively. In six patients with a mean observation period of 14 months before and 16 months after the start of EPO, the mean slope of the reciprocal serum creatinine concentration curve improved slightly (p = 0.05). The proposed schedule appears to be safe for the treatment of renal anemia in most pre-dialysis patients. Frequent monitoring of hemoglobin, blood pressure, serum creatinine and ferritin is required.
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PMID:Treatment of renal anemia by subcutaneous erythropoietin in children with preterminal chronic renal failure. 811 Nov 77

The role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in improving insulin-mediated glucose uptake has been described. However, their effects on long-term glucose control in diabetes mellitus are less well established. This study examines the effect of 4 months of captopril treatment on blood pressure (BP) and glucose control in 130 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hypertension. Therapy for glycemic control was adjusted during a 3 month period prior to entry into active BP treatment and was not changed during 4 months of captopril administration. Fasting blood glucose and sitting BP were measured before and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months of captopril monotherapy. Hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, serum electrolytes, creatinine, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured before and at 4 months. There were significant reductions in fasting blood glucose from baseline at 1 month (P < .01) and further stepwise decreases in values at 2, 3, and 4 months. Differences in glucose from month to month were highly significant. HbA1c was stable over a 3-month pretrial period, then decreased (P < .001) from baseline at 4 months of active treatment. Mean serum potassium increased from 4.4 to 4.7 (P < .001) at month 4 and there was an inverse correlation (r = -0.2, P < .025) between changes in potassium and HbA1c. Total serum cholesterol fell (P < .01) at month 4 of treatment. Serum creatinine and blood urea were unchanged, but of 18 patients with mild proteinuria pretrial, 12 of 18 were negative for protein at 4 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Long-term effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on metabolic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 851 57

The effects of Dextran-Benzene-Tetracarboxylate-Hemoglobin (Dex-BTC-Hb), a chemically-modified hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, on the vascular tone were compared to those of standard solutions, i.e. the animal's own blood and a 50 milligrams albumin solution, by measuring the carotid blood flow velocity, the mean arterial pressure, the heart rate and respiratory frequency, in anesthetized Hartley guinea pigs after a hemorragic shock. Stroma-free hemoglobin induced 40% hypertension and a 110% rise in blood flow velocity immediately after injection. The velocity was still increased 38%, 3 hours after injection. The calculations of the vascular resistances showed an increase in carotid vascular tone. Dex-BTC-Hb brought about 35% hypertension for two hours with no significant modifications of the vascular tone. These effects are similar to those of the albumin solution. These results indicate that, unlike stroma-free hemoglobin, Dex-BTC-Hb does not significantly affect the vascular tone, probably because of its slight interaction with the factors that regulate vascular tone.
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PMID:[Pulsed Doppler ultrasonography to measure the vasoactive effects of hemoglobin-dextran 10-benzene-tetracarboxylate, a potential erythrocyte substitute]. 864 41

To better understand the mechanism of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO)-induced increase in BP, hemodynamic parameters, body fluid volumes, and the hormones implicated in BP regulation were studied in 32 anemic hemodialysis patients before and after 3 to 4 mo of rhEPO therapy. Hemoglobin levels increased from 83 +/- 1.5 to 119 +/- 2.3 g/L (P < 0.01) after rhEPO therapy (25 to 43 U/kg) administered subcutaneously three times weekly. Mean 24-h systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP were significantly increased by 14 +/- 3 and 10 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.01 for both groups). Systemic vascular resistance consistently increased by 28 +/- 5% (P < 0.01), whereas cardiac output was decreased by 6 +/- 3% (P < 0.05). Red blood cell mass increased by 510 +/- 35 ml (P < 0.01), whereas plasma volume decreased by 420 +/- 66 ml (P < 0.01), which resulted in a nonsignificant increase in total blood volume. Extracellular fluid volume and exchangeable sodium were decreased by 873 +/- 255 ml (P < 0.01) and 125 mmol (P < 0.01), respectively. There was a positive correlation between the changes in exchangeable sodium and in systolic BP (r = 0.41, P < 0.05). Furthermore, a greater increase in 24-h systolic BP was observed in patients in whom exchangeable sodium increased or remained unchanged (n = 10) compared with patients (n = 22) with decreased exchangeable sodium (20 +/- 4 mmHg versus 8 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01). Plasma catecholamines, plasma renin concentration, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, and plasma endothelin-1 did not significantly change with rhEPO treatment, whereas plasma aldosterone increased significantly (P < 0.01). Although volume-independent mechanisms may contribute to rhEPO-induced BP increase, the results presented here suggest the importance of optimally reducing extracellular fluid volume to prevent, at least in part, the development of hypertension often observed with improved uremic anemia in these patients.
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PMID:Hemodynamic and hormonal changes during erythropoietin therapy in hemodialysis patients. 944 93

Experiments were designed to compare the contractile effect of red blood cells (RBC) on aortic rings with and without endothelium from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Red blood cells of 4 week old WKY and SHR rats induced a negligible increase in tension of aortic rings, either with or without endothelium, being slightly more effective in SHR rats. However, red blood cells of 16 week old rats increased tension of WKY and SHR aortic rings, with endothelium at this age being more pronounced then red blood cells in 4 week old animals. The contractions induced by WKY and SHR red blood cells both in WKY and SHR aortic rings without endothelium at this age are significantly greater compared to the effect on aortic rings with endothelium. Red blood cell ghosts of rats of both strains increased the tension of the rings without endothelium of SHR aorta to near 50% of those induced by red blood cells, whereas they were ineffective in aortic rings without endothelium of WKY rats. Oxyhemoglobin increased the tension of 16 week SHR aortic rings both with and without endothelium, whereas the effect on the rings of WKY rats was negligible. This increase in tension was inhibited by BM 13505, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and indomethacin in SHR rings both with and without endothelium, demonstrating an eicosanoid involvement in oxyhemoglobin-induced contractions. Hemoglobin or its metabolites may be involved in development or in maintenance of spontaneous hypertension.
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PMID:Effect of red blood cells and hemoglobin on spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rat aortas. 950 57

This study aims to determine whether variables reflecting an adverse intrauterine environment are associated with childhood blood pressure. The authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort of children born to healthy, nulliparous women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. A total of 518 children were traced in 1995-1996 from 614 eligible children born in a clinic in Rosario, Argentina. The outcome was systolic blood pressure at 5-9 years. Hemoglobin during pregnancy was positively associated with children's pressure. Other maternal characteristics during pregnancy (blood pressure, smoking, weight gain, weight at 20 weeks' gestation, and glycemia) and size at birth (birth weight, ponderal index, head circumference/length ratio, and small for gestational age) were not associated with children's pressure. Among children in the upper quartile of body mass index, there was a weak inverse correlation between birth weight and systolic pressure, and systolic pressure was 14.8 mmHg (95 percent confidence interval: 3.3, 26.4) higher in low birth weight children than in others. The main predictors of childhood pressure were childhood body mass index and maternal pressure outside pregnancy. In this healthy population, the authors found weak support for an association between variables reflecting an adverse fetal environment and childhood blood pressure. Low birth weight was a risk factor for high blood pressure only in overweight children.
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PMID:Perinatal factors associated with blood pressure during childhood. 1073 41


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