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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence is accumulating to suggest that selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for man and is reviewed with emphasis on those aspects peculiar to New Zealand. The extremely low Se levels in New Zealand soils results in a low Se content of foods, low dietary intakes, low urinary excretions, and low blood Se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities. Of these, plasma Se gives a short-term index of nutritional status while erythrocyte Se and glutathione peroxidase activities give a long-term index. The consequences of the low Se status of New Zealanders are not immediately apparent as a deficiency disease has not been detected in residents consuming a normal diet. However a Se-responsive muscular syndrome has been described in a surgical patient on total parenteral nutrition. Similar groups that might be vulnerable to a Se deficiency are children with metabolic disorders consuming synthetic protein diets, premature babies and infants during the first few months of life, and patients with cancer whose lowered dietary intake is coupled with the traumatic nature of their disease. Other groups that have been studied in relation to a possible role for Se in specific illnesses are patients with cardiovascular disease and hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis and other muscular syndromes and surgical patients with or without cancer. It is not yet possible to predict a minimum Se requirement for health but it appears that the intake of New Zealanders might be on the borderline. At present supplementation by the general population is not justified, but may be necessary for certain vulnerable groups such as patients on restricted diets. The most effective means of supplementation for increasing the Se status of New Zealanders is under study.
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PMID:Selenium in human health and disease with emphasis on those aspects peculiar to New Zealand. 676 57

One percent salt, 1 ppm cadmium, or 1 ppm cadmium plus 1 ppm lead in drinking water caused similar mild hypertension in rats. The hypertensive effect of salt, given for 4 months beginning at weaning, disappeared when the salt was withdrawn but subsequently returned without further exposure. Rats continuously given 1 ppm cadmium during and after salt exposure were continuously hypertensive, but salt did not increase their hypertension. Rats continuously exposed to cadmium or cadmium plus lead without extra salt remained hypertensive for 20 months. Rats exposed to cadmium or cadmium plus lead for months 4 through 8 remained hypertensive after metal exposure was discontinued; addition of 0.35 ppm selenium corrected the hypertension in cadmium-fed rats but had little effect in the cadmium plus lead exposed rats.
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PMID:Effect of a second metal on cadmium-induced hypertension. 684 56

Sodium restriction is not the only nutritional measure likely to prove valuable in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. The hypotensive effects of central adrenergic stimulation can be promoted by supplementary tyrosine, insulin potentiation (as with GTF), and (possibly) high-dose pyridoxine. Insulin potentiators (GTF) and prostaglandin precursors (essential fatty acids) should have direct relaxant effects on vascular muscle. A high potassium, low sodium diet, coenzyme Q, and prevention of cadmium toxicity (as with dietary selenium) may act to offset renally-mediated pressor influences. Functional combinations of these measures might prove to be substantially effective, in which case they would offer considerable advantages over potentially toxic drug therapies.
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PMID:Prospects for nutritional control of hypertension. 721 48

Former studies have demonstrated an association between habitual snoring and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Control for the influence of potential confounders has been inadequate. To further elucidate the issue, we examined the association between snoring and future risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) while controlling for a number of major cardiovascular risk factors and potential effect modifiers. Some 2,937 men without overt cardiovascular disease, aged 54 to 74 y (mean = 63 years), were classified according to snoring habits and followed up prospectively during 6 years (1985 to 1991). Potential cardiovascular disease risk factors included in the study were as follows: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) (kg x m-2), social class, and serum concentrations of selenium, cotinine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. During the 6-year follow-up period, 182 men (6.2%) had an IHD event (42 were fatal), and 274 men died from all causes (9.3%). There was no difference in the prevalence of snorers among those who had an IHD event and those who did not during the follow-up period, 49.9% vs 50.5%, respectively. Among the younger half of the cohort (54 to 63 years), the age-adjusted incidence of IHD was slightly but not significantly increased in snorers, relative risk (RR) = 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9). When adjustments were made for relevant confounders--use of tobacco, alcohol consumption, and BMI--the RR dropped to 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6). Among the older half (64 to 74 years), there was no increased risk in snorers, RR = 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6). We conclude that there was a slightly increased risk that did not reach statistical significance of IHD in snorers. After multivariate adjustment, snoring was not associated with risk of IHD in middle-aged and elderly men.
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PMID:Risk of ischemic heart disease in self-reported snorers. A prospective study of 2,937 men aged 54 to 74 years: the Copenhagen Male Study. 760 48

The aim of this study was to examine whether physical and chemical working conditions explain the association of social class with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We investigated the issue in a cohort of 2974 males aged 53-75 years (mean 63) free from overt cardiovascular disease. Potential confounders included were: alcohol consumption, physical activity, tobacco smoking, serum cotinine, serum lipids, serum selenium, body mass index, blood pressure, hypertension, social class, and retirement status. During the follow-up period (1985-1986 to 31 December 1991), 184 men (6.2%) had a first IHD event; 44 events were fatal. Compared to higher social classes (classes I, II and III), lower classes (classes IV and V) had a significantly increased risk of IHD (P < 0.05); the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence limits was 1.44 (1.06-1.95), P = 0.02. Mean who had been occupationally long-term exposed (> or = 5 years) to either soldering fumes or organic solvents had a significantly higher risk of IHD than unexposed: RRs were 2.1 and 1.7, respectively. After adjustment for all the above potential confounders and including also these two occupational factors, the RR of low social classes was reduced to a non-significant 1.24 (0.87-1.76), P = 0.24, i.e. by 45%. Adjusting for non-occupational factors only reduced the RR from 1.44 to 1.38 (1.0-1.90), P = 0.05, i.e. by about 14%. Assuming that the association of soldering fumes and organic solvents with risk of IHD was causal, it was estimated that 16% of IHD cases in low social class could be ascribed to these exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Do physical and chemical working conditions explain the association of social class with ischaemic heart disease? 775 56

The potential role of natural antioxidants (vitamin C--ascorbic acid, vitamin E--tocopherols, carotenoids and selenium) in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is reviewed. It is probable that free oxygen radicals and oxidatively modified particles of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) participate in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. A great number of experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies found a substantial increase of the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke in individuals and populations with low intake of antioxidants from diet. Extremely high cardiovascular mortality in Slovakia and other postcommunist countries could be only partially explained by "classical" risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and smoking). In the communist European countries there was a high consumption of spirits, cigarettes and salt, polluted environment and low consumption of the chief source of antioxidants--fruits. In these countries emphasis should be given to the prevention of antioxidant deficiencies by the increase of fruit and vegetable consumption, and to the decrease in salt, spirit, cigarettes and saturated fat consumption.
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PMID:[The role of antioxidants in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases]. 781 21

The effect of selenium (Se) supplement on pregnancy was studied in 52 pregnant women with high risk factors of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). They were given natural Se dietetic liquid (100 micrograms/d) for 6-8 weeks during late pregnancy, and 48 controls were given placebo. They received similar routine prenatal care. The results revealed that Se supplement on the pregnant women prevented and decreased the incidence of PIH and gestational edema, and elevated the mother's blood Se level by 0.1008 +/- 0.091 ppm in the treated group while decreased by 0.0402 +/- 0.046 ppm in the control group (P < 0.01). The umbilical blood Se level was 0.2756 +/- 0.100 ppm in the treated group and 0.1544 +/- 0.051 ppm in the control (P < 0.01). The differences of the neonatal birth weight and the amount of postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups were not significant.
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PMID:Selenium supplement in the prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension. 786 99

The peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare condition in Europe but a very frequent disease in Sahelian Africa. The risk factors are: heat, hard physical exertion during pregnancy, hypertension, sodium diet, ablutions with hot water during the postpartum period, selenium deficiency and probably latent myocarditis (viral?)
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PMID:[Peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy. A model of multifactor disease?]. 800 29

Nutritionnal status remain poor in hospitalized elderly for cardiopathy compared to healthy controls, secondary to bad general status. Selenium rate appears significantly lower in ischemic cardiomyopathy than in valvular or hypertension cardiopathy.
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PMID:[Nutritional and trace elements status in cardiomyopathies in the elderly]. 800 65

We studied the effect of selenium supplement on 52 pregnant women with high risk factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) who were given the natural Se dietetic liquid (100 micrograms/day) for 6-8 weeks during late pregnancy and 48 controls. They were subjected to the same prenatal care. Se supplement on the pregnant women prevented or lowered the incidence of PIH and gestational edema. Se supplement on the pregnant women elevated the mother's blood Se level (0.1008 +/- 0.091 ppm in the treated group vs 0.0402 +/- 0.046 ppm in the control group, P < 0.01) and umbilical blood Se level (0.2756 +/- 0.1 ppm in the treated group vs 0.1544 +/- 0.051 ppm in the controls, P < 0.01). The difference of the neonatal birth weight and the amount of postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups were not significant.
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PMID:[Effect of selenium supplement on prevention of pregnancy-induced hypertension]. 812 10


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