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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male and female, 100 days old, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into two major groups: intact and uninephrectomized, given either no treatment, 1p.100 saline drinking water, 1p.100 saline + Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or DOC alone. The DOC (Percorten pivalate) was given subcutaneously 2 times weekly, at a dose level of 2 mg/rat for 8 weeks. At autopsy, the combination of DOC + saline caused: the greatest exacerbation of blood pressure, marked catabolism, adrenal hypertrophy and thymic involution, little increase in heart weight, but a marked increase in kidney weight, elevated triglyceride and free fatty acids, cerebral and myocardial necrosis, fibrinous hyalinization of the cerebral, coronary, mesenteric, renal, testicular and ovarian arteries, foci of aortic cartilaginous metaplasia, PAN, foci of hepatic necrosis, and extensive lipid depletion from the zonae glomerulosa. Circulating corticosterone levels were suppressed to below normal levels. Excursion of circulating CPK levels coincided with the finding of myocardial necrosis and cerebral damage. It is suggested that the genetically-mediated hypertension of SHR is programmed through abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the specific morphologic make-up of arterial lesions is dependent upon the variety of adrenal or gonadal steroids secreted and their conditioning effect on the arterial wall.
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PMID:Arterial lesions and hypertension induced by saline, unilateral nephrectomy, and deoxycorticosterone in spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats. 51 39

Constriction of the remaining renal artery in unilaterally nephrectomized rats is associated with a high mortality in the early post-operative phase before hypertension has developed. The high mortality is accompanied by increased vascular permeability, mesenteric and pancreatic oedema. Temporary post-operative water restriction reduces this mortality and also modifies subsequent blood pressure elevation, heart weight and cardiac index in surviving animals.
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PMID:The effects of temporary fluid restriction in clip-nephrectomized rats. 53 Jul 56

22 patients (4 female, 18 male, mean age 47 +/- 10.7 years) with severe essential hypertension (n = 21) and renovascular hypertension (n = 1) were treated with a mean daily dosage of 16.3 +/- 5.1 mg minoxidil for up to 42 weeks. In addition, all patients received a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide) and a beta-blocker (pindolol or propranolol). 8 patients were treated simultaneously with alpha-methyl-dopa. Within one week minoxidil led to a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic supine blood pressure (p less than or equal to 0.005) from 201.3 +/- 29.0/125.4 +/- 19.2 mm Hg to 172.8 +/- 28.3/106.0 +/- 19.9 mm Hg. The maximum initial blood pressure response was observed after 3 weeks with a mean daily dosage of 12.2 +/- 9.4 mg of minoxidil (160.5 +/- 20.7/99.4 +/- 13.8 MM Hg, p less than or equal to 0.001). Throughout the remaining period a constant and significant reduction in supine systolic and diastolic and upright diastolic blood pressure was achieved (p less than 0.005-less than 0.001) whereas at times systolic blood pressure values could not be lowered significantly. Body weight and pulse rate showed no significant changes throughout the study. In some cases furosemide had to be added by up to 500 mg/day to counteract minoxidil induced water and salt retention. Only moderate doses of beta-blockers were required to prevent a drug induced rise in pulse rate. In these patients a significant change in renal function was not observed. The results show that minoxidil is a potent drug in the treatment of severe essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Minoxidil in treatment resistant hypertension]. 53 65

Experiments were performed to determine the role of vasopressin in deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertension. In order to determine if vasopressin is necessary for the development of DOC-salt hypertension, rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) and normal Long-Evans rats (LE) were unilaterally nephrectomized, treated with DOC Pivalate (30 mg/kg . week) and given saline to drink for 8 weeks. A second group of DI rats were unilaterally nephrectomized, but received no treatment. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased 40 mm Hg in the LE group (p less than 0.01) but failed to increase significantly in either DI group. Urinary excretion of vasopressin (UADHV) and SBP were measured in unilaterally nephrectomized LE rats treated with DOC and salt (DOC-LE), salt alone (NaCl-LE) and untreated rats (H2O-LE). The UADHV was elevated in DOC-LE (p less than 0.01) and NaCl-LE (p less than 0.05), but only the DOC-LE rats became hypertensive. Finally, the I.V. injection of analogs of vasopressin, which block its pressor but not antidiuretic activity, lowered mean arterial blood pressure 27 +/- 5 mm Hg in 11 conscious DOC-salt hypertensive rats. It is concluded that vasopressin plays a major role as a pressor agent in both the onset and maintenance of DOC-salt hypertension.
Hypertension
PMID:The importance of vasopressin in the development and maintenance of DOC-salt hypertension in the rat. 54 12

The cardiovascular effects of induction of anesthesia with minaxolone, a new water soluble steroid agent, have been studied in 12 normotensive patients and 5 patients with treated hypertension. The arterial pressure, heart rate and ECG were continuously recorded before and during induction of anesthesia with Minaxolone 0.5 mg kg-1. Cardiac output measurements were made in the awake patient, at 3 minutes after the induction of anesthesia and 2 minutes after an increment of the drug. In both groups of patients, induction of anesthesia led to a decrease in systolic arterial pressure and a smaller decrease in diastolic arterial pressures. This was coupled with an increase in the heart rate. The decrease in cardiac output was similar in both the normal and treated hypertensive patients. Administration of an increment of minaxolone (0.1 mg kg-1) did not produce further significant changes in the cardiovascular variables. The results of this study show that the changes in hemodynamic variables with minaxolone are comparable with those seen following induction of anesthesia with other intravenous agents, with the one difference in that there was only minimal change in the diastolic arterial pressure.
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PMID:Cardiovascular studies during induction with minaxolone. 54 58

Twelve chemical rhyzolisis (surgical instilation of 10 c.c. of 15% NaCl solution) of trigeminal nerve were performed in 11 patients with trigeminal neuralgia resistent to medical treatment. Before and at least in the first 30 minutes after instilation the following parameters were monitorized: electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, intrarradial arterial pressure and venous central pressure. In 10 cases after a 2.8 +/- 2.4 seg. latency period the following arrhythmias appeared (in paragraphs number of cases): sinus bradicardia, sinoauricular block, sinus arrest, atrial-ventricular block and atrial pacemaker migration. During sinus arrest (8 episodes in 4 cases; mean duration 17.6 secs.) slow, high voltage waves appeared in the electroencephalographic tracings. Ventricular scapes were not seen at the end of the sinus pauses. In 6 cases after this slow arrhythmic phase the following arrhythmias were observed: ventricular premature beats, atrial premature beats, sinus tachycardia, bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, and nodal tachycardia. All cases exhibited an elevation of mean arterial pressure after instilation of the nerve which was preceded by a short period of hypertension in 4 occasions. Average and standard deviations changes of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (mm of Hg), pulse (beats/minute) and central venous pressure (cms of H2O) during the procedure were 46.7 +/- 29.3, 23.0 +/- 13.3, 34.1 +/- 16.4, 25.8 +/- 16.2 and 6.6 +/- 5.8, respectively (p less than or equal to 0.001) in all changes but the last ones, less than or equal to 0.05). Physiopathologic considerations of this autonomic crises are done.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular manifestations of chemical rhysolisis of the trigeminal nerve]. 54 21

To investigate the role of circulating humoral substances in the pathogenesis of increased vascular wall water and sodium concentration in experimental hypertension, rabbit aortic media explants were cultured in tissue culture medium supplemented (10-20%) with serum obtained from the same dogs (n = 7): 1) before the induction of hypertension; 2) after wrapping one kidney in silk (two-kidney perinephritic hypertension, 2-KPHT); and 3) after contralateral nephrectomy (1-KPHT). Cultures also were run with serum of sham-wrapped and then unilaterally nephrectomized normotensive dogs (n = 4). After 3 weeks of culture, the explants were harvested, and their water, sodium and potassium concentration was measured. Compared to the composition of explants cultured in prehypertensive serum, the water concentration of explants cultured in 1-KPHT and the sodium concentration of explants cultured in 2-KPHT and 1-KPHT serum were increased (p < 0.05). The water and electrolyte content of explants cultured in sera of sham-operated normotensive control dogs was the same regardless of the type of serum used, pre- or post-sham surgery or post-nephrectomy. The effects of serum from hypertensive dogs were not explained by variations in serum creatinine, sodium and potassium levels or in plasma renin activities. The experiments provide evidence for the role of serum factor(s) in the pathogenesis of abnormal vascular wall water and sodium concentration in experimental hypertension.
Hypertension
PMID:Angiopathic serum factor in perinephritic hypertensive dogs. 55 Oct 73

A 45-year-old man suddenly developed right hemiparesis and aphasia during work and lost conciousness next day, when he was admitted to us. Lumbar puncture showed bloody C.S.F. with the initial pressure of 220 mm H2O. Physical examination revealed hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Cerebral angiogram revealed an arteriovenous malformation in the left frontoparietal-parasagittal region and a saccular aneurysm at the left internal carotid-posterior communicating artery junction. In addition, the existence of putaminal hematoma was suspected on account of the displacement of the left anterior cerebral artery and the left lenticulostriate arteries. On the fourth day after admission his consciousness returned and the right hemiparesis gradually improved. One month later the disappearance of the displacement of the anterior cerebral artery was demonstrated by cerebral angiogram. A frontoparietal craniotomy was done and no hematoma was found around the arteriovenous malformation and the basis of the aneurysm did not adhere to the temporal lobe. Taking these findings into consideration, it is presumed that the hematoma in putaminal region was due to neither arteriovenous malformation nor aneurysm but was a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.
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PMID:[A case of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm (author's transl)]. 55 34

The effect of age, sex and salt intake on the hypertension produced in homozygous (DI) and heterozygous (non-DI) Brattleboro rats and Long Evans rats was studied. The left kidney was removed at the age of 25, 35, 50 and 80 days (UNX 25, UNX 35, UNX 50, UNX 80), and 0.6% NaCl solution or water was offered as drinking fluid. In UNX DI rats drinking saline the mean value of blood pressure (BP) exceeded 150 torr. The highest values of BP were observed in DI UNX 25 females while no hypertension occurred in rats UNX 80. There was no correlation between individual values of BP and saline consumption in DI females with hypertension. However, individual BP values correlated with the urinary Na+/K+ ratio measured in the course of 24 h of water deprivation, due to age-dependent sodium excretion the values of which were highest in the UNX 25 group. Hydronephrosis was present in all DI rats with manifest hypertension. In hypertensive animals, BP values, Na+/K+ ratio and the frequency of hydronephrosis exhibited the same age dependence. The role of age and adaptability to the increased saline intake in the susceptibility of DI rats to experimental hypertension is discussed.
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PMID:Hypertension in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus. The role of age. 56 Jun 79

Rats were fed on an intermittent-feeding schedule one 45-mg food pellet every 90 sec for 5 hours per day (experimental group) or an equivalent food ration as a single, daily feeding (control group). All animals were mononephrectomized and given saline to drink. Experimental animals became polydipsic (schedule-induced polydipsia). The rate and amount of fluid intakes between the two groups were controlled in the second experiment. In both experiments a significant blood pressure difference developed between the groups and remained terminally after water replaced saline as the drinking fluid for about 3 weeks. The development of chronic hypertension in the experimental group in the second experiment is regarded as a psychosomatic counterpart of other excessive and persistent behaviors (e.g., polydipsia, aggression), which can be induced by certain intermittent-feeding schedules. Observations on the heart (increased weight), kidney (minor pathologic changes), and adrenals (no change) were consistent with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Schedule-induced chronic hypertension. 56 21


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