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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been shown in rabbit experiments that a 7-day administration of papaverine and pentamine in doses of 1 mg/kg without administering nicotinic (4 mg/kg) and succinic (50 mg/kg) acids and in conjunction with their administration given in courses led to a distinct change in carbohydrate-phosphorus metabolism in blood vessels of rabbits with pituitrin hypertension. The drug combination removed unfavourable metabolic shifts seen in the vessels in the experimental pathology more effectively than separate drug administration.
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PMID:[Metabolic effects of papaverine and pentamine combinations with nicotinic and succinic acids in experimental vascular pathology in rabbits]. 407 20

The clinical characteristics of 107 patients younger than 60 years with mitral anular calcium (MAC) were compared with those of 107 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The patients with MAC included 55 men and 52 women, mean age 51 years. The control group included 55 men and 52 women, mean age 51 years. Patients with MAC had a higher prevalence of cardiomegaly on chest x-ray (p less than 0.0001), left atrial and left ventricular enlargement by echocardiography (p less than 0.0001), precordial murmurs (p less than 0.0001), diabetes mellitus (p less than 0.0001), systemic hypertension (p less than 0.025) and total conduction defects on surface electrocardiograms (p less than 0.0001) compared with the age- and sex-matched control subjects. The mean serum phosphorus and product of serum calcium and phosphorus were higher in patients with MAC (p less than 0.0025) than in the control subjects. The prevalence of coronary heart disease, aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the mean serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and calcium levels were not significantly different between patients with MAC and the control subjects.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of patients younger than 60 years with mitral anular calcium: comparison with age- and sex-matched control subjects. 650 99

Data from a representative sample of the U.S. adult population obtained during 1971-1975 were analyzed to provide a profile of blood pressure (BP) levels and related nutritional and sociodemographic factors. Older adults (aged 55-74 years) had a twofold greater prevalence of high BP than younger adults (25-54 years), and older black persons had the highest rates. Isolated systolic elevation was uncommon under 54 years of age, but occurred in 5% to 10% of adults over 55 years and was less common than systolic-diastolic elevation. In older adults, body mass (weight/height2) had the strongest relationship to BP of all the nutritional variables. Alcohol consumption and dietary calcium and phosphorus were associated with high BP, but dietary sodium and salt use were not. The serum calcium/phosphorus ratio and serum urate were significantly higher in older adults with high BP. In general, the variables associated with elevated BP in older adults were similar to those in younger adults, although the strengths of the associations differed. Associations of factors useful for nonpharmacologic prevention and management of high BP in older persons were suggested from this survey.
Hypertension
PMID:High blood pressure in older Americans. The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 651 39

A diet containing about 40 kcal/kg, 0.6 g/kg of protein, 700 mg of phosphorus, and 1,000 to 1,500 mg of calcium (orally supplemented) was prescribed to three groups of patients with chronic renal failure for 6 to 76 months. The mean serum creatinine values were 2.18 mg/dl in group 1 (25 patients), 4.24 mg/dl in group 2 (20 patients), and 6.10 mg/dl in group 3 (8 patients). An additional group of 30 patients (group 4) who had followed no specific dietary treatment for 3 to 72 months was taken as control. The plots of reciprocal serum creatinine against time gave slopes of -0.0008, -0.0010, and -0.0041 in the three groups of patients on the protein-restricted diet, and a slope of -0.020 in the patients on the free diet. The differences between the slopes in patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 versus that in patients in group 4 are statistically significant (analysis of variance and F ratio: P less than 0.01). During the follow-up period a decline in reciprocal serum creatinine greater than the mean values in the whole group was observed in 37.5% of patients in group 3, in 20% of those in group 2, and in only 12% of those in group 1. Thus, the degree of functional renal deterioration is critical in modulating the effects of dietary protein and phosphorus restriction. Several nonimmunologic factors, including hypertension, infection, electrolyte abnormalities, and low-calorie intake, appeared to play an important role in influencing the rate of progression of renal failure in patients on dietary protein restriction.
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PMID:Early dietary protein and phosphorus restriction is effective in delaying progression of chronic renal failure. 658 64

In order to determine the incidence and pathogenesis of mitral anular calcification (MAC) in chronic renal failure, we analyzed biochemical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic data in 168 patients on long-term hemodialysis. Mitral anular calcification is more common in patients with chronic renal failure than in other patients of similar age. Its pathogenesis appears to be due to abnormal calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in the setting of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hypertension did not appear to be an important etiologic factor in our patients. Meticulous control of hyperphosphatemia would appear to be the most important therapeutic measure in preventing this complication.
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PMID:Mitral anular calcification in chronic renal failure. 669 94

Epidemiologic studies of hypertension in nonpregnant patients have suggested that abnormal calcium metabolism contributes to the genesis of hypertension. We have studied serum ionized calcium, total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, total protein, and albumin in 16 normal pregnant women, 12 gravid patients with chronic hypertension, and 31 gravid patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. In contradistinction to the reported difference in ionized calcium between nonpregnant normal and hypertensive patients, we have found no difference in serum ionized calcium between our groups.
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PMID:Calcium levels in normal and hypertensive pregnant patients. 672 Jul 93

Fifty three patients with programmed hemodialysis, in a stable state were studied to the method of urea-kinetic modelling. A high correlation relationship was established between the pre-dialysis values of urea nitrogen in blood and the protein import, calculated from the quantity of the endogenously produced urea nitrogen. The best rehabilitated patients (41,5%) proved to introduce 1,0-1,6 g/kg body weight proteins and maintain a concentration of blood urea nitrogen from 65-95 ng% (32,14-33,8 mmol/1). Furthermore, another three patient groups were formed: with reduced protein introduction, with insufficient clearance and with overnormal protein introduction. The optimal group significantly differ from them, according to the state of nourishment, general rehabilitation, phosphatemia, calcium-phosphorus number and dialysis clearance. Both the stage of anemia and arterial hypertension show only a tendency in similar direction.
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PMID:[Urea kinetics model of patients on programmed hemodialysis]. 673 Apr 49

To provide a contemporary profile of blood pressure and nutritional and sociodemographic relationships in the adult US population, data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES -I), 1971-1975, were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing age, but trends were different by sex and race groups. Body mass index (weight/ height2 ) was the nutritional factor most strongly and consistently related to blood pressure. Among dietary constituents, alcohol consumption and calcium and phosphorus intake were the only variables having consistent and independent relationships to blood pressure. Sodium content of food and salt use had no relationship, and sodium/potassium food content had only an inconsistent association. Regarding serum nutritional measures, serum calcium was directly related and serum phosphorus was inversely related to blood pressure. Serum urate, serum aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin were also independently related to systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There were few important differences by race or sex in these correlates. These observations from a representative sample of the US population have useful implications for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.
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PMID:Blood pressure and nutrition in adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 674 19

Acute laminitis-hypertension was produced by carbohydrate overloading of the gastrointestinal tract in 12 adult horses. Obel grade 3 (OG3) lameness developed 40 hours (+/- 3.5, SEM) after overfeeding. At OG3 lameness, mean plasma volume was significantly decreased (P less than 0.005) when compared with base-line values. Before OG3 lameness, transient decreases in serum phosphorus and calcium were recorded. Mild hyponatremia also developed before OG3 lameness and persisted. After establishment of OG3 lameness, persistent hypokalemia and increased plasma aldosterone concentration occurred coincidently. Transient increase in plasma hydrocortisone (cortisol) and renin activity and transient hypochloremia were also recorded during the syndromal phase. Changes in plasma volume and serum electrolytes are discussed and related to the pathogenesis of acute equine laminitis. The alterations in plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were interpreted as homeostatic adjustments to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Differences between the horse and pony during onset of experimental alimentary laminitis are also discussed.
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PMID:Plasma volume, electrolyte, and endocrine changes during onset of laminitis hypertension in horses. 675 27

Labetalol, a blocker of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors, was tried on 45 patients with severe (29 cases) or mild to moderate (16 cases) hypertension. After an initial period of dosage adjustment and a 2 months treatment in effective doses, there was a significant fall in supine blood pressure from mean values of 207/132 to 170/106 mmHg. In 23 patients hypertension was controlled by labetalol alone in doses of 400 and 1800 mg per day. True failures were rare (16%). Digestive disorders and postural hypotension were the most frequently encountered side-effects; they obliged to discontinue treatment in 4 cases, but were compatible with it in 11 cases. In 22 patients the fall in BP was accompanied by a significant (p less than 0,001) decrease in plasma renin activity from 123 to 44 ng/l/min supine and from 144 to 83 ng/l/min standing. Studies of the renal function showed no changes during oral therapy. Following intravenous injection of 50 mg labetalol to 20 subjects, inulin and PAH clearances remained unaltered, and there was a significant, though transient (1 hour), decrease in chloride, sodium and phosphorus excretion. Effective in lowering blood pressure be used and well tolerated by the kidneys, labetalol can safely be used for the treatment of severe hypertension with organic renal involvement.
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PMID:[Effects of labetalol, a new alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drug, on arterial pressure, renal function and renin activity (author's transl)]. 700 20


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