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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study was carried out on 23 samples of amniotic fluid taken (by amniocentesis) between 35th and 39th week of pregnancy from 23 pregnant women with arterial hypertension (13 cases of hypertension induced by pregnancy, 5 cases of primary hypertension and 5 cases of hypertension accompanying renal diseases). Seven women undergoing the study gave birth to newborns with symptoms of delayed intrauterine growth below 10 centile (group examined), 16 mothers gave birth to eutrophic babies (control group). In the amniotic fluid of the two groups compared the authors found similar values of acid-base equilibrium and concentrations of potassium, sodium, total calcium, ionized calcium and inorganic phosphorus. Thus delayed intrauterine foetal growth is not manifested by changed values of the biochemical indicators examined in the amniotic fluid.
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PMID:[Biochemical examinations of amniotic fluid in arterial hypertension and delayed intrauterine fetal growth. III. Acid-base equilibrium and ionic composition]. 280 66

We tested the hypothesis that high dietary calcium attenuates hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats by neural as opposed to vascular mechanisms. Four-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high salt diet (3.3% sodium) with either high (4.0%; n = 21) or normal (0.4%; n = 21) calcium content until they were 10 to 11 weeks old. Total plasma calcium concentration was increased and plasma phosphorus concentration was decreased by the high calcium diet. At 10 weeks, food intake and intestinal absorption of sodium were not altered by the high calcium diet. There were three major observations. First, mean arterial pressure was lower in awake rats fed a high versus normal calcium diet (137 +/- 7, n = 11, vs 165 +/- 6 mm Hg, n = 10, respectively; p less than 0.05). This pressure difference was dependent on intact autonomic transmission, since ganglionic blockade eliminated the significant difference between pressures in rats fed high (78 +/- 5 mm Hg) and normal (85 +/- 6 mm Hg) calcium diets. Second, high calcium intake augmented baroreceptor reflex inhibition of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate during ramp increase in arterial pressure produced by infusion of phenylephrine. Reflex suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity was twofold greater in rats fed the high (vs normal) calcium diet (-2.79 +/- 0.25 vs -1.34 +/- 0.14% delta/delta mm Hg, respectively; n = 9 rats per group; p less than 0.05). Third, high calcium intake did not attenuate vascular responsiveness, since pressor responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II did not differ between rats fed high and normal calcium diets after ganglionic blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1987 Jun
PMID:High calcium diet reduces blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats by neural mechanisms. 288 72

Sixty-one consecutive patients were examined to determine the current mode of presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Of these patients, 37.7% were asymptomatic, and the initial indication of pHPT was hypercalcemia, which was found unexpectedly on biochemical screening of the serum in elderly patients. Hypertension was twice as common among patients with pHPT as in the general population (36.1%). The next most common presentations were urinary calculi (18%) and mental depression (18%). The most useful discriminant laboratory tests were serum calcium, phosphorus, chloride, and parathormone (PTH). The calculated coefficient of correlation of PTH to land weight was high (r = 0.571, p less than 0.001). There was very significant correlation between PTH and seriousness of bone disease (r = 0.620, p less than 0.001). After parathyroidectomy, 3.3% of patients remained hypercalcemic, 93% were normocalcemic, and 1.6% were hypocalcemic.
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical features in primary hyperparathyroidism. 291 78

Synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was administered in ascending doses (0.03, 0.20, 0.45 microgram/kg/min) to eight mildly essential hypertensive men on high (200 mEq/day) or low (10 mEq/day) sodium diets. Responses of blood pressure, heart rate, urinary volume and electrolyte excretion, renin, and aldosterone were measured. For the entire group, ANF lowered blood pressure and increased heart rate during the 0.20 and 0.45 microgram/kg/min infusions, and the antihypertensive effect of the peptide persisted for at least 2 hours after the infusions ended. Four patients (2 at 0.20 microgram/kg/min and 2 at 0.45 microgram/kg/min) experienced sudden bradycardia and hypotension at the end of or shortly after completion of ANF infusion. Renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus increased in a dose-dependent fashion in response to infused ANF. Patients on the 200 mEq/day sodium diet had greater increases in urinary volume (11.1 +/- 2.8 vs 3.0 +/- 2.0 ml/min; p less than 0.05), sodium (870 +/- 134 vs 303 +/- 27 microEq/min; p less than 0.05), and chloride (801 +/- 135 vs 176 +/- 75 microEq/min; p less than 0.02) compared with patients on the low sodium diet. The apparent direct suppressive effect of a 0.03 microgram/kg/min infusion of ANF on renin and aldosterone levels was overcome at higher doses by counterregulation provoked by the depressor action. Renin was slightly (-12%) suppressed during the 0.03 microgram/kg/min infusion of ANF but increased at the 0.20 (+50%) and 0.45 microgram/kg/min (+90%; p less than 0.03) rates. Aldosterone declined significantly during the 0.03 microgram/kg/min infusion (-45%; p less than 0.01) of ANF but not during the two higher dose infusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1987 Dec
PMID:Antihypertensive and hypotensive effects of atrial natriuretic factor in men. 296 88

The effects of dietary sodium upon serum and urinary calcium and selected vitamin D metabolites were studied in two groups (n = 10 each) of age and gender matched, white normotensive subjects and patients with normal-renin hypertension. Isocaloric diets were consumed on a metabolic ward with sequential daily sodium intake of 109 meq for 5 days and 9 meq and 259 meq for 6 days each. Values for serum and urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and electrolytes, creatinine clearance, plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were similar in both study groups on each diet. Measurements of plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone levels were higher in the hypertensive than in the normotensive group on each diet (p less than .05-.01). Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and urinary calcium increased on the high sodium diet in the normotensive (p less than .05) and the hypertensive groups (p less than .01). When the data for normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients were pooled by gender, males had a 1 1/2 to 3 times the urinary calcium excretion than females, regardless of diet. The present study indicates that there are no differences in the selected components of calcium and vitamin D metabolism in response to sodium intake in patients with essential hypertension and normal plasma renin activity as compared to normal controls.
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PMID:Normal vitamin D and mineral metabolism in essential hypertension. 305 8

Because there is little published information on the effects of atrial peptides in hypertensive humans, 100 micrograms of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide was injected intravenously into six patients with essential hypertension in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study under standardized conditions of body posture and dietary sodium and potassium intake. The peptide increased urine sodium excretion sixfold in the first 30 minutes. Smaller increments occurred in urine volume and in calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus excretion; the rise in urine potassium concentration was not statistically significant. Most of these indices returned to time-matched placebo values within 1 hour, but urine sodium excretion remained high for 2 1/2 hours. Arterial pressure fell within 2 minutes of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide injection, then returned to matching placebo levels by 10 minutes. Conversely, heart rate increased rapidly and remained elevated for 3 hours. The peptide induced a prompt, brief rise in plasma norepinephrine concentration and a more sustained fall in epinephrine and aldosterone levels, but it did not affect plasma renin activity or cortisol concentration. Compared with normotensive volunteers studied previously under the same conditions, the hypertensive subjects had a greater response in urine volume and sodium, calcium, and magnesium excretion but a less sustained fall in arterial pressure.
Hypertension
PMID:Effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide in essential hypertension. 316 25

The involvement of elements in the pathological process of primary hypertension has been established. The tissue distribution of 12 elements was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive homologous rats (WKY). A multi-element analytical technique allowed simultaneous determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, rubidium, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, sulphur and phosphorus in blood, plasma, brain, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart and bone. Most elements were modified in SHR, except Ca, Rb and S. In plasma, an increase in Cu (+22%) and a decrease in K (-8%), Mg (-15%) and P (-11%) were observed. These variations, qualitatively similar to those found in man, suggest that the results in animal tissues could be extrapolated to man. Modifications were observed in all the tissues tested. Among them significant variations were noted in Na (+18%), Mn (+12%) and Cu (+29%) in kidney, and in K (+5%), Mg (+9%), Sr (-29%) and Zn (+14%) in heart. The role of these plasma and tissue variations in hypertension is discussed, as well as the possible involvement of the hypertensive process and/or hormones.
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PMID:Altered element concentrations in tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 316 65

Erythrocyte morphologic characteristics and serum chemistry results were studied in 10 gravid ewes during experimental ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension and subsequent administration of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitors CGS13080 and CGS12970. During the hypertensive period mean arterial blood pressure, plasma thromboxane B2 levels, and serum chemistry results, and electrolyte levels were significantly altered. Parameters returned to baseline values or were improved after drug administration. Erythrocyte morphologic features did not change significantly with the onset of the syndrome. Echinocytosis was present during baseline measurement and persisted throughout hypertension. However, after thromboxane synthetase inhibition, percentages of discocytes increased (p less than or equal to 0.005) with the same frequency that echinocyte numbers decreased (p less than or equal to 0.05). Schistocytes were present throughout the study, and changes in their numbers were not detected. Serum phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, and bilirubin levels and anion gap rose significantly during hypertension and returned to normal levels after drug treatment. We speculate that CGS13080 or CGS12970, by decreasing thromboxane levels and blood pressure, promoted the normalization of erythrocyte membranes.
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PMID:Erythrocyte morphologic features and serum chemistry studies in ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension treated with thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. 318 58

During an epidemiological survey on the relationship between diet and cardiovascular risk factors, serum sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and total protein were measured in 4167 men and 3891 women with a mean age of 49 years. Several consistent and highly significant correlations were found between serum cation and phosphorus levels and blood pressure. The analysis was performed separately in the total group and in the group not receiving treatment for hypertension. A highly significant negative correlation existed between serum sodium and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Serum potassium correlated negatively with blood pressure only in men. Serum phosphorus correlated negatively in men and women with systolic blood pressure. Serum calcium correlated positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men, but only with diastolic blood pressure in women. All these correlations were independent of serum total protein. A significant negative correlation between serum phosphorus and heart rate and a significant positive correlation between the serum calcium/phosphorus ratio and heart rate were demonstrated.
Hypertension 1988 Dec
PMID:Relationship of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus with blood pressure. Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health. 320 62

From 1979 through 1984, a randomized epidemiological survey in Belgium assessed the dietary intake of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium using 24-hour food records checked by trained dietitians. Dietary cation intake levels were correlated with blood pressure both in the total group (4167 men and 3891 women) and in the group not taking antihypertensive medication (3814 men and 3329 women). Serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were also measured. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for age, body mass index, heart rate, alcohol intake, and total caloric intake revealed a significant positive correlation between sodium intake and blood pressure in the group not treated for hypertension except for diastolic blood pressure in women. A significant negative correlation was found between dietary calcium intake and diastolic blood pressure in men and between dietary magnesium intake and systolic blood pressure in women. No independent effect of dietary potassium intake on blood pressure could be established. Significant but weak correlations were found between the dietary intake of sodium, potassium and calcium and their serum values. The study confirms the hypothesis that at the population level dietary cations are related to the regulation of blood pressure.
Hypertension 1988 Dec
PMID:Relationship of dietary sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium with blood pressure. Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health. 320 63


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