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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during acute hypertension may contribute to hypertensive encephalopathy. In this study we tested the hypothesis that, in chronic hypertension, vascular changes might influence the susceptibility of the BBB to disruption. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY), 3-4 months of age, were anesthetized and acute hypertension was produced by infusing phenylephrine intravenously (i.v.). Permeability of the BBB was studied with radioactive iodine serum albumin (RISA) injected i.v. The ratio of brain-to-blood RISA was used as an index of permeability of the BBB expressed as protein transfer. In both SHR and WKY at resting arterial pressure, the protein transfer was less than 0.10%. In WKY exposed to acute hypertension (mean arterial pressure increased by 87 +/- 7 mm Hg), the protein transfer was 2.77 +/- 0.60%. In SHR with acute hypertension superimposed on chronic hypertension (arterial pressure increased by 80 +/- 7 mm Hg), the protein transfer was 1.16 +/- 0.45% (p less than 0.05, SHR vs WKY). These data suggest that cerebral vessels are less susceptible to disruption of the BBB by acute hypertension in SHR than in WKY. We speculate that the finding of reduced susceptibility to BBB disruption in chronic hypertension may explain, in part, the apparent susceptibility of previously normotensive patients to acute hypertensive encephalopathy.
Hypertension
PMID:Effect of chronic hypertension on the blood-brain barrier. 746 96

This randomised, double-blind, parallel group study was to compare the safety, tolerance and diagnostic efficacy of iomeprol and iopamidol, both at an iodine concentration of 150 mgI/ml, in 40 patients with arterial hypertension who required renal intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA) for suspected renovascular stenosis. All patients underwent extensive pre- and post-contrast clinical, instrumental and laboratory controls for safety assessments. The tolerance to the test contrast media was evaluated in terms of discomfort associated with the injection of the test compounds. Image quality was prospectively graded by two independent readers according to a five-point scale as follows: 1, insufficient; 2, sufficient; 3, good; 4, excellent; E, excessive. The quality of vascular opacification in the region of interest was rated as diagnostic in 87.8% of radiographs obtained in the iomeprol group and in 84.5% in the iopamidol group, without significant differences between the two study groups. The results of angiography were always useful for subsequent patient management. The procedure was always well tolerated. There were no clinically significant changes in vital signs, ECG and laboratory parameters during the study in both groups. The results of our study show that iomeprol 150 mgI/ml, and iopamidol 150 mgI/ml are equally effective, well tolerated and safe contrast agents when used for IA-DSA.
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PMID:A double-blind comparative study of the safety and efficacy of iomeprol in renal intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography. 802 May 22

On the occasion of closing the research department of the Paracelsus Institute in the iodine salt spa, Bad Hall, the results of more than 30 years' research work in this institute are summarized. This work concerned the therapeutic effects of iodine on circulatory illnesses, especially hypertension, bronchitis and degenerative eye diseases. Controlled studies in patients showed significant cure effects of the iodine springs. Other studies demonstrated an influence of iodine on peripheral blood vessels, blood viscosity, connective tissue and vision and demonstrated the scavenger function of iodine, too. The different therapeutic forms of iodine administration (baths, sprays, iontophoresis, drinking cures) are described and the potential side effects of a cure in an iodine spa, notably temporary hypothyroidism, are mentioned.
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PMID:[Effect and effectiveness of iodine brine baths in a spa]. 802 20

The results of hypothyreosis therapy with thyroideum (dried thyroid gland) were assessed in 40 patients. The study aimed at establishing proper dosage and assaying blood serum T4, T3, and TSH levels. Daily dose of 1 tablet (0.2 mg of iodine) improved clinical status but did not cover the daily requirement of the body for thyroid hormones. An increase in daily dose to 2 tablets (0.4 mg of iodine) produced nearly complete compensation of hypothyreosis. However, such a daily dose was often associated with adverse reactions, especially in patients with arterial hypertension or atherosclerosis. Thyroid hormones assay has shown that dried thyroid gland administered in daily dose of 0.4 mg normalizes serum T3 levels whereas serum T3 levels remained constantly low, and TSH increased as in non-treated disease. An increase of the daily dose to 0.6 mg of iodine produces excessive increase in serum T3 levels with clinical symptoms of T3 toxicity.
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PMID:[Outcome of treating hypothyroidism with thyreoideum]. 809 Jun 51

Spiral scanning (BSV) is a newly acquired scanning technique for all or part of the thoracic volume in a single breath-hold. It offers many advantages when compared to conventional CT scanning. The study of the lungs with a single breath-hold avoids the inconvenience of an anatomical discontinuity while acquiring the information. In a population of patients presenting with multiple, or solitary pulmonary nodules, or the absence of nodule, BSV shows 30 to 40% of supplementary nodules when compared to conventional scanning techniques. BSV enables the optimal use of contrast products in which the iodine is poorly concentrated to study the pulmonary vessels. Certainly this technique will not replace pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli. However, it may be used first in certain situations, dispensing with invasive angiography in patients with an increased risk, or in the initial assessment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension of unknown aetiology, or to follow a previously documented pulmonary emboli. The correlation between spiral scanning and conventional angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli is excellent, to the level of segmental arteries. Finally the continuity, both anatomically and for the lesions obtained by BSV is such that it is now possible to apply to thoracic pathology techniques of multiplanar and three dimensional reconstruction. If all the information is contained in conventional transversal imaging slice by slice, not everything is perceived by the observer because the information is inconveniently presented because the anatomical and lesional picture is deconstructed. The reconstruction of the volume inspected in coronal, sagittal, oblique or three-dimensional viewing, furnishes supplementary information and announces the arrival of trachea-bronchography, and non-invasive angiography three-dimensionally. In parallel to the expected progress in IRM angiography, three-dimensional angio-CT of the thoracic vessels after appropriate evaluation is going to be substituted for more invasive techniques which are currently used.
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PMID:[Spiral volumetric scanning and its applications in thoracic pathology]. 812 92

Fatty acid metabolic and perfusion abnormalities associated with cardiac hypertrophy were investigated using dual tracer tomography with thallium and a cardiac metabolic tracer, 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R, S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP), in eight patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and in three with hypertension (HT). Thallium and BMIPP uptakes were scored and analyzed in 143 segments (13/heart) by comparison with the left ventricular wall thickness measured by two-dimensional echocardiography. Complete agreement of both scores in HT patients was significantly higher than that in HCM patients (64% vs 24%, p < 0.001), while a lower BMIPP uptake compared to that of thallium (mismatching) was observed more frequently in HCM than in HT patients (65% vs 31%, p < 0.001). The wall thickness significantly (p < 0.005) correlated with BMIPP uptake score. HCM patients showed a low BMIPP uptake in 22 hypertrophic segments (59%) and 15 non-hypertrophic segments (41%), and reduced BMIPP uptake in 29% hypertrophic segments, while HT patients showed just five segments with decreased BMIPP uptake of which 4 were non-hypertrophic and only one hypertrophic. The left ventricular ejection fraction assessed by radionuclide ventriculography was normal and no regional wall motion abnormality was detected in any patient by echocardiographic and scintigraphic studies. Metabolic abnormalities detected by the iodine-123-beta-methyl fatty acid analog in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be independent of thallium myocardial perfusion, regional wall motion, or the magnitude of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that fatty acid imaging may be useful in investigating the pathogenesis and subclinical abnormality of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and differentiation from secondary, induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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PMID:[Fatty acid metabolic and perfusion abnormalities in hypertrophied myocardium assessed by dual tracer tomography using thallium-201 and iodine-123-beta-methylpentadecanoic acid]. 815 29

We report a patient with an unruptured, large arteriovenous malformation that was treated by staged, superselective embolization with liquid agents and by an investigation of the hemodynamic changes accompanying embolization. A 29-year-old man presented with headache and left upper quadrantanopsia. A neuroradiological study revealed a large right temporo-occipital arteriovenous malformation, and angiography disclosed poor filling of the adjacent vessels. In the venous phase, marked cortical reflux, suggesting venous hypertension, was also observed. Single photon emission computed tomography scanning with N-isopropyl-p-iodine-123- iodoamphetamine disclosed a low-perfusion area in the ipsilateral occipital and temporal lobes. After embolization, cerebral blood flow and the clinical symptoms attributed to ischemia improved. A follow-up study 1 year later demonstrated that the patient's improvement was stable. Single photon emission computed tomography confirmed that embolization achieves an improved cerebral blood flow.
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PMID:Improvement of cerebral blood flow and clinical symptoms associated with embolization of a large arteriovenous malformation: case report. 823 19

In order to investigate the correlation between cardiac fatty acid metabolism and regional wall motion, dual-isotope tomography using thallium-201 and iodine-123 labeled 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R, S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP), was performed in 15 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The uptake of thallium and BMIPP was scored and compared with left ventricular regional wall motion assessed by 2-dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography. The incidence of a complete agreement of thallium and BMIPP scores was significantly higher in hypertension (64%) and CAD (63%) groups compared to HCM patients (24%), while a lower BMIPP uptake compared to that of thallium (mismatching) was observed more frequently in HCM (65%) than in hypertension (31%) or CAD (33%). Only 3 infarct patients had regional wall motion abnormality which was detected in 20 (95%) of 21 segments with a low BMIPP uptake. Furthermore, compared to thallium perfusion, decreased BMIPP uptake much more corresponded to reduced wall motion in 8 of 11 segments with mismatching. Thus, metabolic abnormality assessed by BMIPP is well associated with asynergy in CAD patients, whereas the discrepancy of fatty acid metabolism and contraction is more dominant in HCM, suggesting that the combined assessment of thallium perfusion, BMIPP uptake, and regional wall motion might contribute to better understanding the pathogenesis of various cardiac disorders.
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PMID:[Correlation of regional wall motion and fatty acid metabolism in coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessment by dual-isotope SPECT with thallium-201 and iodine-123 beta-methyl fatty acid analogue]. 833 12

Urodilatin is a recently described member of the atrial natriuretic peptide family, thought possibly to be synthesized in the kidney. To determine if urodilatin binding sites are present in rat and human kidney, we evaluated the effect of urodilatin on iodine-125-labeled atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (100 pM) binding to tissue sections using an in situ autoradiographic technique. 125I-ANP binding occurred primarily in glomeruli and medullary structures of both rat and human kidney. Increasing concentrations of urodilatin yielded a monophasic displacement of 125I-ANP binding with an IC50 of 4.2 nM, a value nearly identical to that achieved with unlabeled ANP (7.2 nM). In additional experiments, rat glomeruli and inner medullary collecting duct cells were isolated and incubated in vitro with either ANP or urodilatin (10(-11) to 10(-6) M) and cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate accumulation measured by radioimmunoassay. Dose-response curves for the two peptides were superimposable in each tissue; at 10(-6) M, ANP generated 613 +/- 41 and urodilatin 603 +/- 55 fmol cyclic guanosine monophosphate per 10 minutes per milligram protein in inner medullary collecting duct cells (p = NS). Thus, urodilatin is as effective as ANP in displacing 125I-ANP binding to both rat and human renal tissue and in generating cyclic guanosine monophosphate in renal target cells in the rat, suggesting that its physiological effects may occur through the same receptors and signaling pathways that mediate the actions of ANP.
Hypertension 1993 Apr
PMID:Urodilatin binds to and activates renal receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide. 838

When in some selected patients, a direct arterial surgery (DAS) procedure or an endoluminal surgery (ES) are required for a chronic arterial ischemia (III or IV degrees), and an arteriography with contrast is absolutely contraindicated (because of severe renal failure without hemodialysis program or a severe congestive heart failure or a hyperthyroidism or a seriously demonstrated hypersensibility against the contrast agents); an angiography by digital subtraction with carbon dioxide (DIVAS-CO2) is indicated. This technique provides good quality images with minimal risks for the patient and an adequate study for ulterior treatment. We report a case of a 67-years-old woman, with diabetes-II, ischemic cardiopathy, arterial hypertension and a demonstrated hypersensibility against the iodide compounds. The patient was admitted because of a chronic ischemia (IV degree) with ischemic ulcerations on some fingers from the left foot. High doses of analgesic drugs were needed. Because the hypersensibility against the iodide compounds, an angiography with CO2 was carried out. The good quality images provided by this technique showed the factibility of a revascularization.
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PMID:[Digital subtraction angiography with carbon dioxide in severe arterial ischemia and allergy to iodinated compounds]. 839 9


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