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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case-control study on 215 pairs was carried out in Jinan. Conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the following five factors were associated with coronary heart disease, i.e., hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and heavy smoking, serum copper and HDL-C/TC. The former three were risk factors, and the latter two were protective factors. There is remarkable dose-response relation between heavy smoking and coronary heart disease. The data analysis show that these five factors are contributory to coronary heart disease with synergism.
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PMID:[Conditional logistic regression analysis of coronary heart disease]. 206 40

In this study, plasma levels of magnesium, calcium, zinc and copper were simultaneously determined in pregnancies complicated by either abortion, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), diabetes or EPH (edema, proteinuria, hypertension) gestosis. The levels of the four cations in non-pregnant women and in healthy, pregnant women were also determined. Compared with controls, a significant decrease in magnesium, with increase of the Ca/Mg ratio, was found in spontaneous abortions, but not when patients had a successful continuation of pregnancy. In EPH gestosis, total calcium was reduced, with a significant decrease of the plasma Ca/Mg ratio. A slight, but significant, increase in plasma zinc was observed in women affected by either diabetes or IUGR, probably as a result of reduced zinc uptake by the fetus. In addition, higher copper levels were found in the pathologies studied, with the exception of missed abortions. The possible role of an altered Ca/Mg ratio homeostasis in relation to gestational pathologies is discussed.
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PMID:Maternal plasma concentrations of magnesium, calcium, zinc and copper in normal and pathological pregnancies. 227 Apr 73

There is experimental and epidemiologic evidence that some minerals and trace elements play a role in hypertension. We designed an experiment in which salt and water sources were manipulated to examine the possible impact of this relationship. A strain of rats (Dahl rats) known to become hypertensive with sodium chloride ingestion was used to study the effect of salt source and water source on the induction of hypertension. The group on tap water and table salt had blood pressures (184 mmHg +/- 19) significantly higher than every other group in the experiment. The experimental animals receiving tap water plus table salt had the highest blood pressure levels, although they consumed the lowest quantity of sodium. Analysis of the tap water samples showed "soft water" by analysis of calcium and magnesium concentration. This could adversely affect blood pressure. The relatively high magnesium concentration in sun evaporated sea salt may play a protective role in hypertension induction. The zinc and copper present in tap water may play an exacerbating role.
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PMID:Hypertension induction in Dahl rats. 228 Apr 29

The effect of Cd2+ and related metals (Ni2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Sn2+ Cu2+ and Zn2+) on vascular tension was studied using isolated rings of endothelium-free, smooth muscle from the ventral aorta of the shark, Squalus acanthias. Both Cd2+ and Ni2+ produced significant vasoconstriction at concentrations at or above 10(-6) M (112 and 59 ppb, respectively); the other metals were either marginally constrictive (Hg2+ and Sn2+) or were without effect (Pb2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+). We suggest that previously published vascular effects of Hg2+ and Pb2+ may have been secondary to responses of the vascular endothelium, and that the role of Ni2+ in hypertension should be investigated further. Our data indicate that the effects of metals on this vascular smooth muscle are specific and not generic. Moreover, this system could be utilized to investigate the mechanisms of metal-induced vasoconstriction.
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PMID:The effect of cadmium and other metals on vascular smooth muscle of the dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias. 233 May 99

Cadmium is a highly toxic element that is cumulative and has a long biological half-life in mammals. The severe toxicity of cadmium in man has been known for more than 100 years. Despite the knowledge that cadmium is toxic, only 20 human cases of poisoning via ingestion were recorded prior to 1941, whereas in the ensuing five-year period more than 680 cases of cadmium poisonings from accidental oral ingestion of this metal were documented. Some of the recorded effects of exposure to cadmium in laboratory animals include renal tubular damage, placental and testicular necrosis, structural and functional liver damage, osteomalacia, testicular tumors, teratogenic malformations, anemia, hypertension, pulmonary edema, chronic pulmonary emphysema, and induced deficiencies of iron, copper, and zinc. Some of these effects have also been observed in human after accidental exposures to cadmium oxide fumes and are characteristic of the syndrome described in Japan as Itai Itai disease in which ingestion of cadmium is the inciting chemical.
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PMID:Cadmium inhalation and male reproductive toxicity. 240 89

A case-control study was performed to assess whether cadmium is related to hypertension in a non-occupationally exposed population. 63 male subjects affected by mild stable hypertension, pharmacologically untreated, were investigated together with 63 male normotensive controls individually matched for sex, age, body mass index, smoking habits and work activities. Cadmium in blood, zinc and copper in serum, the three elements in urine and hair, together with some biological parameters involved in pathogenesis of hypertension, were investigated. The mean Cd blood value in hypertensives (H) was 0.58 micrograms/L vs 0.44 micrograms/L in normotensives (N) (t = 2.03; p less than 0.05) with a greater difference in non-smokers (0.41 micrograms/L vs 0.25 micrograms/L) (t = 2.69, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly related to cadmium blood levels (r = 0.20 and 0.19 respectively, p less than 0.05). Smoking habit affected cadmium levels only in the blood, not in the other biological matrices examined. No significant difference of cadmium content in urine and hair was found between normotensives and hypertensives but Cd/Cu ratio in urine was significantly lowered in the second group.
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PMID:Cadmium in blood, urine and hair related to human hypertension. 253 33

Earlier investigators have demonstrated in animal studies interrelationships between mineral elements. Serum zinc, magnesium and copper were monitored over a two year period in 120 women between the ages of 40 and 55 years. One group (65 women) was supplemented with calcium, the other served as a control. We concluded that calcium supplementation at a level of 1,500 mg Ca mainly does not affect serum zinc, magnesium and copper, however, serum copper concentration is elevated in women taking medication for hypertension.
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PMID:Zinc, magnesium and copper in serum of women given a calcium supplement. 260 86

Calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc in the maternal and umbilical cord serum were measured in 106 patients suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and 106 controls. Mean maternal serum values of Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn in the PIH group were 2.460 mmol/L, 0.839 mmol/L, 35.094 mol/L and 8.408 mumol/L,respectively and were compared with the corresponding Values of 2.765 mmol/L, 0.834 mmol/L, 31.486 mumol/L, and 9.657 mumol/L in the controls. The Ca and Zn levels were lower and Cu higher in the PIH group (P less than 0.05 or P less than 0.01). No significant difference was found in the four elements in umbilical cord serum between the PIH cases and controls, indicating that the fetus can maintain an adequate Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn homeostasis even in pregnancy-induced hypertension. However, PIH cases had a lower Ca level in maternal serum than in umbilical cord serum. This study suggests that maternal serum Ca, Cu and Zn are related to PIH, and Ca might have a causal role in the development of PIH.
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PMID:[Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn contents of the maternal and umbilical cord serum in pregnancy-induced hypertension]. 262 May 74

The recovery of fertility after discontinuation of NORPLANT implant use was assessed in ninety women who stated a desire for a new child at the time of removal. Three subjects were lost to follow-up after removal. The cumulative probability of conception in the remaining 87 women was 25, 49, 73 and 86 percent at one, three, six and twelve months after removal, respectively. Nine observations were censored either because of the use of a contraceptive method soon after removal of the implants (n = 7) or separation (n = 2). All other cases were pregnant at the end of two years with exception of three subjects where a male factor for infertility was present. There was no significant correlation between the length of NORPLANT use and the length of the interval from removal to conception. A significantly higher frequency of intervals longer than 6 months was observed among women older than 30 years as compared to younger women. Pathology during pregnancy was cholestasia (n = 5), hypertension (n = 1) and gestational diabetes (n = 1). The outcome was term delivery in 59 cases, premature delivery in 4 cases, and spontaneous abortion in 7 cases. One woman is still pregnant and the outcome is unknown in 4 cases. One premature infant died. A contemporary control group of Copper T users enrolled under the same criteria as NORPLANT implant users provided 44 women who had the device removed to become pregnant. The cumulative probability of pregnancy was 27, 69, 84 and 89 at one, three, six and twelve months and all were pregnant by the end of the second year. Six censored observations occurred because of the use of another contraceptive method after removal (n = 3) or loss to follow-up (n = 3). The outcome of pregnancy was term delivery in 23 cases and abortion in 7 cases. Recovery of fertility occurred at a normal rate after NORPLANT implant removal and the incidence of problems detected in the ensuing pregnancy were within the expected range for Chilean women.
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PMID:Recovery of fertility and outcome of planned pregnancies after the removal of Norplant subdermal implants or Copper-T IUDs. 311 91

The pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline produces pulmonary inflammation, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and hypertension. In rats, monocrotaline pneumotoxicity can be ameliorated by cotreatment with inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), such as CL242817. In the present study, serum and urine copper (Cu) concentrations were evaluated as indices of cardiopulmonary injury in rats sacrificed after six weeks of continuous administration of monocrotaline (0 to 3.6 mg per kg per day, in the drinking water) or CL242817 (60 mg per kg per day, in the feed), or both. Monocrotaline-treated rats exhibited dose-dependent increases in (1) pulmonary histopathology, (2) pulmonary endothelial dysfunction (decreased lung plasminogen activator activity, and increased prostacyclin and thromboxane production), (3) pulmonary hydroxyproline (collagen) content, and (4) cardiac right ventricular hypertrophy (an anatomic correlate of pulmonary hypertension). The severity of cardiopulmonary damage was accompanied by a dose-dependent elevation in serum Cu concentration. Serum iron concentration, in contrast, did not change. Urinary Cu concentration correlated roughly with that of serum, but the variability within groups was high. Cotreatment with the ACE inhibitor CL242817 not only ameliorated monocrotaline-induced right heart enlargement and lung hydroxyproline accumulation but also reduced the hypercupremia in monocrotaline-treated rats. Thus, serum copper concentration appears to be an accurate and minimally invasive index of monocrotaline pneumotoxicity in this model of pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:Serum copper concentration as an index of cardiopulmonary injury in monocrotaline-treated rats. 314 70


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