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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vasodilator responses to acute intra-arterial infusions of K+ are attenuated in dogs with chronic one-kidney perinephritic hypertension in rats with chronic two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension, and in men with essential hypertension. There is evidence that K+ evokes vasodilation by stimulating vascular smooth muscle membrane Na+-K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase, thereby increasing activity of the cellular Na+-K+ electrogenic pump. We therefore proposed that there may be an underlying decrease in the operation of this pump in vascular smooth muscle of hypertensives. The operation of the cellular Na+-K+ pump may be estimated by measurement of rubidium uptake. Thus, so further investigate our hypothesis, we measured 86Rb uptake in small mesenteric arteries and splanchnic veins from 12 dogs with chronic uncomplicated one-kidney perinephritic hypertension and from 12 normotensive control dogs. Vessels were excised under thiamylal anesthesia and incubated in cold medium (plasma or Krebs-Henseleit solution) for sodium loading and then the velocity of 86Rb uptake was estimated in the absence of or in the presence of ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na+-K+ pump. In neither arteries nor veins was there evidence for differences between hypertensives and normotensives in the ouabain-insensitive uptake of 86Rb. In contrast, the ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake was depressed by 42% in arteries (P less than 0.05) and by 49% in veins (P less than 0.01) from hypertensive dogs, if incubated in the dog's own plasma. These results indicate that the activity of a ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+ pump may be depressed in vascular tissue from dogs with chronic one-kidney perinephritic hypertension. Because the Na+-K+ pump in vascular smooth muscle is probably electrogenic, such an abnormality, by partially depolarizing the muscle cell membrane, would help to account for the elevated vascular resistance found in these dogs.
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PMID:Depressed function of a ouabain-sensitive sodium-potassium pump in blood vessels from renal hypertensive dogs. 13 55

A case of malignant arterial hypertension, treated with sodium nitroferrecianuro, beta blockers, vasodialators, and hemodialysis with hyposodic baths is presented. It shows the favorable response to this type of treatment, in the cardiac sphere as well as the alteration in the eye grounds. The etiopathogenisis and treatment of malignant arterial hypertension, and indications for the nephrectomy and renal transplant are discussed.
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PMID:[Malignant hypertension. Report of a case]. 14 64

Using Brattleboro rats with and without hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI, non-DI), blood pressure, water intake and the excretion of water, sodium, potassium and osmotically active substances were measured in intact individuals and in animals subjected to unilateral nephrectomy at the age of 23 or 80 days. The development of blood pressure (BP) changes, determined in unilaterally nephrectomized animals at the age of 4--6 months, depended on the age at which the kidney was removed. After nephrectomy at the age of 25 days, hypertension developed only in DI females given 0.6% NaCl solution to drink. The BP of those which drank water was unaffected. Unilateral nephrectomy at the age of 80 days produced a slight BP increase in females irrespective of whether they drank water or 0.6% NaCl, but in males only if they drank 0.6% NaCl solution. No hypertension was observed in intact animals. No relationship was found between water intake and the blood pressure level. The BP increase in water-drinking females uninephrectomized at 80 days was accompanied by a raised urine flow and raised excretion of osmotically active substances. Sodium losses in DI animals were greater than in non-DI animals and the urinary sodium concentration, in maximum dehydration, attained minimum values in DI and maximum values in non-DI animals. Unilateral nephrectomy at 25 days increased sodium losses in all the animals except non-DI females, but when performed at 80 days, only in DI males. No relationship between these results and BP changes was found. The possible relationship of the extrarenal consequences of absence of vasopressin to the development of experimental hypertension are discussed.
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PMID:Blood pressure and water and electrolyte intake and excretion in rats (Brattleboro strain) after unilateral nephrectomy. 14 74

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of different sodium loads on renin release in the hypertensive and normotensive state of chronic renal failure. Blood pressure (BP), plasma renin concentration (PRC) and exchangeable sodium (NaE) were measured in eighteen patients with advanced chronic renal failure, nine hypertensives and nine normotensives, and in seven normal subjects (a) 6 days after a fixed sodium intake of 10 mmol/day, and (b) 6 days after a fixed sodium intake of 150 mmol/day. Mean NaE was 14-19% higher in the hypertensives compared with the normotensives and values of NaE correlated significantly to values of mean BP. No significant differences were present in PRC between the groups of patients and controls on either of the sodium regimens and no correlation was found between BP and PRC. However, average decreases of PRC in the hypertensives on high sodium intake, 33-34%, were significantly lower than the corresponding values of 69-71% in the normotensive patients and controls, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage changes of PRC on high sodium intake correlated significantly to mean BP as well as to NaE. These results suggest that renin release is relatively unresponsive to different sodium intakes in hypertension following chronic renal failure. This alteration in renin release may contribute to the maintenance of hypertension in chronic renal failure, PRC being "inappropriately' increased in relationship to the sodium excess.
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PMID:The influence of different sodium loads on renin release in hypertensive and normotensive states of chronic renal failure. 14 27

In this study naturally occurring hypertension in wild rhesus monkeys has been noted with a frequency of 13 out of 428 monkeys examined. The maximum systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 242/140 mm of Hg. Clinically there was evidence of grade I retinopathy in one case only, otherwise the animals did not manifest any symptom to suggest illness. Biochemical examination revealed normal plasma angiotensin activity but the level of serum sodium was slightly elevated. The serum potassium, blood urea and serum creatinine values were within normal limits. Serum cholesterol was, however, elevated in two cases. All hypertensive animals were sacrificed by exsanguination and a complete autopsy was performed. It revealed left ventricular hypertrophy in almost all cases, patchy myocardial degeneration with fibrosis in 3 animals and advanced renal disease only in 3 cases. It therefore appears that most of these cases of hypertension belonged to the idiopathic group.
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PMID:Spontaneously occurring hypertension in wild Rhesus monkeys. 15 Nov 70

Fortynine patients of 193 admitted (25%) with second and third degree burns to 3 hospitals in different geographical areas of the United States developed a hypertensive crisis within three to four days after admission. The crisis usually lasted from 5 days to about two weeks. Serum sodium levels decreased significantly in hypertensive patients one or two days before the peak of the hypertensive crisis and, in the Center where it was measured, plasma renin activity increased in an opposite trend to the fall of sodium. BUN and creatinine reached their highest levels in hypertensive patients two days after the peak of the crisis. Autopsies were performed on 23 patients who succumbed to the injury: eleven of them (48%) were hypertensive and had marked hypertrophy of left and right heart ventricles and of the adrenal glands when compared to the normotensive burn subjects. The cells of the zona fasciculata and the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal glands were very compact at histologic examination thus suggesting hyperactivity. This data shows that the incidence of hypertension in burn subjects is twice as high as that of the US population. Further studies of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the adrenal cortical function are indicated by the changes in plasma renin activity and the glandular weight and morphology seen at autopsy.
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PMID:Incidence of post burn hypertensive crisis in patients admitted to two burn centers and a community hospital in the United States. 15 92

Water, sodium and proteins renal excretion in with collodion Page's method hypertensive rats is compared with that of same Wistar strained control rats. Blood pressure of treated animals (n = 16) is 193.1 Hg mm (138 in control rats). Urinary flow increases from 19.5 to 33.7 ml/24 h (+ 72.8%), sodium excretion from 29.6 to 37.5 mg/24 h (+ 26.7%) and total proteins excretion from 23.5 to 63 mg/24 h (+ 169%. This data are correlated with the renal cortex morphological changes with photon and electron microscope. Severe damages are seen in Bowman's capsule and in glomerular copruscules, especially at the epithelial layer level. Important proteic pools occur within tubular lumen. Proximal tubular epithelium seems normal. On the other hand, distal tubular epithelium seriously scales. So, important water, sodium and proteins excretion increase in our experimental hypertension model can be explained. It is also discussed about functional and structural modifications analogy in our model's rats and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHB).
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PMID:[Correlation of structural and ultrastructural modifications of the renal cortex with water, sodium and protein excretion in rats rendered hypertensive by perinephritic constriction by collodion]. 15 5

Young, unilaterally nephrectomized, female Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily sc injections of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone acetate (19-nor-DOCA) in oil at a dosage of 100 micrograms/day for 21 days and twice that amount for a further 11 days. One group drank distilled water and another drank 1% NaCl solution. Comparable control groups received oil injections. Another group received DOCA at the same steroid dosage and drank saline. Both 19-nor-DOCA-treated groups rapidly became hypertensive and developed cardiac hypertrophy, as did those given DOCA and saline. Saline consumption was greater in rats receiving 19-nor-DOCA, than in those given DOCA. Rats injected with 19-nor-DOCA and given water to drink showed enhanced growth and developed thymus enlargement and displayed hypokalemia and a reduction in both serum renin activity and corticosterone concentration. Plasma sodium concentration was not affected by any form of treatment. Clearly, 19-nor-DOCA is a potent mineralocorticoid and hypertensogenic agent. Since the parent steroid is known to be present abundantly in the urine of rats with regenerating adrenal glands, although circulating amounts have not yet been ascertained in that circumstance, it may be etiologically involved in adrenal regeneration hypertension, which such rats are prone to develop.
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PMID:Influence of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone on blood pressure, saline consumption, and serum electrolytes, corticosterone, and renin activity. 15 70

In dogs made hypertensive renal artery stenosis and contralateral nephrectomy, the arterial and myocardial tissue content of water, cations (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium), and norepinephrine was measured 20 and 60 days after the operation. Hypertensive animals autopsied at the earlier stage of hypertension had significantly lower (-25 to-50%, P smaller than 0.01) arterial norepinephrine than either the sham or nonhypertensive animals. The water and cation content of arteries was unchanged, but aortic tissue contained significantly more water, sodium, potassium, and magnesium than the nonhypertensives. Hypertensives autopsied at 60 days also had lower arterial norepinephrine content than sham and nonhypertensive animals, but this refuction was not significant. Their arterial and aortic tissue contained more water and cations than the nonhypertensive, sham, unoperated, and unilaterally nephrectomized dogs. It is suggested that in the initial stage of renovascular hypertension the arterial norepinephrine content is reduced significantly, whereas at a later stage the arterial water and cations may be involved in the maintenance of an elevated blood pressure.
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PMID:Arterial water, cations, and norepinephrine in early and late renovascular hypertension. 16 31

In the present study a comparison was made on the role of the renin-aldosterone system in rats with various forms of experimental hypertension (pinealectomy-induced, renal and spontaneous). The plasma sodium and potassium concentrations as well as renin activity were measured. The in vitro production of aldosterone by quartered adrenal glands of these rats was also determined. 5 weeks after the operations the blood pressure of the pinealectomized and renal operated rats was significantly increased. The plasma sodium concentration did not differ in various groups, but that of potassium was decreased in the renal hypertensive animals. The plasma renin activity of the pinealectomized rats was elevated while in other forms of hypertension it was at the control level. The basal aldosterone production by the adrenal quarters was equal in all the groups. ACTH, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (DBA) and 5HT stimulated the aldosterone production. The responses to ACTH and DBA were greater in the adrenals of renal hypertensive rats than in the other forms of hypertension or in the controls. We suggest that the renin-aldosterone system is of importance in the maintenance of renal hypertension, while in pinealectomy-induced hypertension elevated plasma renin activity reflects an increased sympathetic activity which probably is the main cause of hypertension in these animals.
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PMID:Plasma renin activity and in vitro synthesis of aldosterone by the adrenal glands of rats with spontaneous, renal, or pinealectomy-induced hypertension. 16 35


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