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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endocardial viability ratio, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure and left ventricular diastolic pressure were examined in 50 patients undergoing one or more aorto-coronary grafts. General anaesthesia was obtained by morphine, diazepam, pancuronium and a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide. Morphine anesthesia did not effect EVR. Only mean arterial pressure showed a significant increase at the time of surgical stimulation. During sternotomy, EVR fell progressively in patients with hypertension. Tachycardia alone did not modify it. This hypertension was better treated by sodium nitroprussiate than by halothane or enflurane with regard to protection of the sub-endocardial layer against ischaemia. Under the influence of sodium nitroprussiate EVR rapidly reached values greater than those obtained under halothane or enflurane. In the hour following extra-corporeal circulation, endocardial viability ratio improved without any significant variation in classical haemodynamic parameters.
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PMID:[Effect of drugs used in anesthesia on endocardial viability ratio (EVR) in cardiac surgery]. 4 48

We wish to determine what cellular and functional alterations are associated with the development of glomeruloscierosis when rats with one kidney are fed an excess of salt or protein. Rats with one kidney are more likely to develop pronteinuria and glomerulosclerosis than control animals. Blood pressure recordings indicate that proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis occur before hypertension is evident. Fluorescent antibody studies disclose that albumin accumulates in the epithelial cells of glomeruli and tubules. Ultrastructural examination shows that vacuolozation of epithelial cells and basement membrane thickening precede the sclerotic collapse of capillary loops. Increased concentrations of sodium or urea that are found in urines of these rats favor the point of view that an elevation of solute load when combined with a reduction of renal mass will on some unknown manner accelerate the deterioration of glomeruli.
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PMID:Protein overload nephropathy in rats with unilateral nephrectomy. A correlative light immunogluorescence and electron microscopical analysis. 4 49

A study of the frequency distribution of plasma-renin concentration in 81 patients with essential hypertension produced no evidence of a distinct sub-population with low renin levels. An arbitrary dividing line was used, therefore, to define low-renin hypertension (36% of patinets). Patients in this group were older than those with normal renin levels, and there was a significant negative correlation between renin and age among all patients. Low-renin hypertension was not characterized by increased exchangeable sodium, but exchaneable postassium was significantly lower than in patients with normal plasma-renin. This difference became insignificant when five patients in the low-renin group with persistent hypokalaemia were excluded. It is concluded that low-renin hypertension does not represent a separate diagnostic entity but that plasma-renin falls with age in essential hypertension.
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PMID:Is low-renin hypertension a stage in the development of essential hypertension or a diagnostic entity? 4 18

Cation transport and electrolyte composition were studied in leucocytes from 17 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Significant increases in cell sodium and water contents, associated with a depression of the rate-constant for active sodium efflux, were found in the hypertensive patients. These abnormalities in cell sodium transport may possibly be related to mechanisms of hypertension.
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PMID:Abnormal leucocyte composition and sodium transport in essential hypertension. 4 73

Many reports indicate a significant negative correlation between death-rates for coronary heart-disease (C.H.D.) and water hardness. A reverse situation exists in the twin Kansas cities, U.S.A. Kansas City, Kansas, has water which is more than twice as hard as the softened water of Kansas City, Missouri, from the same source. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar, but blood-pressure was higher in Kansas City, Kansas, and this correlated with higher serum-sodium, lower serum-potassium, and a tenfold higher serum-cadmium. Serum calcium and magnesium levels were higher in Kansas, while copper, chromium, cobalt, and zinc were higher in Missouri. The serum studies were con ducted on two matched groups of 260 adults from each of the sample cities. Hypertension may account for the reverse C.H.D. rate noted and be cadmium related.
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PMID:Possible toxic water factor in coronary heart-disease. 4 75

A 24-year-old woman was referred to our clinic because of severe hypocalemic hypertension and latent myocardial insufficiency. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were lowered. Plasma cortisol concentrations and the urinary excretion of vanillin mandelic acid were found within normal range. Some efforts to identify a specific adrenal enzymatic defect were unsuccessful. By combined therapy with spironolactone, methyldopa and clonidine, the blood pressure was significantly lowered, but not normalized. Triamterene had also an expressed hypotensive effect and induced orthostatic phenomena. After six months of hypotensive drug therapy, the patient's mother reported that her daughter consumed for more than seven years high doses of special nasal drops containing, beside ephedrine and naphazoline, the potent mineralocorticoid 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone. A strong drug-dependence to the naphazoline component could be evaluated. The application of the mineralocorticoid was stopped, and only a slight low-sodium diet had to be added to restore the long-standing elevated blood pressure to normal
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PMID:Severe arterial hypertension caused by chronical abuse of a topical mineralocorticoid. 5 37

Rats with unilateral nephrectomy were offered 1% sodium chloride as drinking fluid and were injected with desoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate (D.O.C.-T.M.A.) at weekly intervals. During the fourth to seventh week after the start of the experiment, malignant hypertension developed in most of the animals: body weight fell, reflecting volume depletion; serum osmolality and serum sodium and urea concentrations increased; in the kidneys malignant nephrosclerosis occurred. In such animals, plasma concentrations of arginine-vasopressin were increased ten-fold in comparison with control animals; intravenous injection of a specific vasopressin antibody resulted in a transient fall of blood-pressure (B.P.) to normal or subnormal levels, while the injection of an angiotensin-I or angiotensin-II antibody did not affect B.P. In control animals none of the antibodies had an effect on B.P. It is concluded that in the pathogenesis of malignant D.O.C. hypertension vasopressin plays a role similar to that of renin-angiotensin in malignant renal hypertension.
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PMID:Is vasopressin involved in the pathogenesis of malignant desoxycorticosterone hypertension in rats? 5 84

The relationship between the severity of hypertensive disease and sodium excretion and sympathetic activity has been studied in subjects of the same age and sex derived from screening a total population. 19 untreated subjects with casual blood-pressure (B.P.) above 175/115 mm Hg on two separate occasions made up the hypertensive group. A normotensive group (n =19) was obtained by selecting a 5% random sample from all subjects with casual B.P. below 160/95. Sympathetic activity was determined from noradrenaline excretion and the severity of hypertension assessed by recording resting diastolic B.P., signs of left ventricular hypertrophy on orthogonal E.C.G., and the glomerular filtration-rate. In the hypertensive group the resting B.P. correlated well both with signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and with the glomerular filtration-rate--i.e., the degree of severity of the hypertension. Up to the level of 90 mm Hg resting diastolic B.P., sodium excretion rose in complete agreement with the theory of pressure diuresis. Above 90 mm Hg, however, sodium and noradrenaline excretion fell with increase of B.P. These two findings indicated that with increasing severity of hypertension the sodium balance overrides the sympathetic activity in the long-term regulation of B.P. This may have both prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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PMID:Sodium excretion and sympathetic activity in relation to severity of hypertensive disease. 5 37

Fasting concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglyceride were measured before and during therapy in 63 patients with uncomplicated primary (essential) hypertension. The patients were divided into two groups, and diet therapy was applied equally to both groups. One group of 31 patients received no other therapy; the other 32 received chlorthalidone in addition to diet. Diet therapy consisted of no added sodium, caloric restriction if overweight, and consumption of foods low in lipids. On diet therapy alone serum-cholesterol fell by 11 mg/dl (P less than 0-02 vs pretreatment value) and serum-triglyceride was unchanged. When chlorthalidone was prescribed in addition to diet, serum cholesterol rose by 12 mg/dl and triglyceride by 36 mg/dl (P less than 0-005 vs pretreatment value for both). Serum-lipids were similar in the two groups before treatment; during therapy both serum cholesterol (P less than 0-05) and triglyceride (P less than 0-005) concentrations were higher in the chlorthalidone group. Thus, despite the prescription of lipid-lowering and calorie-restricted diets, serum-lipids became slightly raised when chlorthalidone was used as the sole drug in the treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:Increase in serum-lipids during treatment of hypertension with chlorthalidone. 5 36

The effect of infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist P113 on blood-pressure (B.P.) has been studied in 10 patients with various forms of hypertension under four different conditions: before and after salt depletion and with or without propranolol treatment. The fall in B.P. after P113 infusion significantly correlated with log P.R.A. (plasma-renin activity), irrespective of diagnosis or treatment. P113 infusion caused a consistent fall in B.P. only after sodium depletion. The changes in B.P. after P113 infusion and those induced by propranolol correlated only during sodium depletion, when P.R.A. values rose. It is concluded that sodium depletion induced "renin dependency" of B.P. in all patients. The decrease in B.P. renin dependency after propranolol therapy suggests that suppression of P.R.A. is one of the antihypertensive mechanisms underlying the action of this drug.
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PMID:Renin dependency of blood-pressure. Analysis by angiotensin II antagonist P113 in hypertensive patients treated with salt depletion and propranolol. 5 53


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