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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The levels of blood pressures measured by a Physiometrics Infrasonde recorder (model SR-2) were compared with the levels simultaneously measured byt auscultation utilizing a standard mercury sphygmomanometer (Baumanometer). The measurements were made on 1530 adult women and their 1760 adolescent children 15-17 years old. Two sets of blood pressures were taken about 3 minutes apart, each with an occluding cuff connected to the Physiometrics recorder as well as to the mercury sphygmomanometer. The reproducibility of the Physiometrics method was similar to that of the auscultation method. The means of the systolic pressures measured by the Physiometrics method were virtually equal to those of the auscultation method for women and girls; for boys, the means of the former method surpassed those of the latter by about 3 mm. The mean diastolic pressures by the Physiometric method were very close to the Korotkoff sound 5 (K5) pressure by the auscultation method for all three groups. The correlation coefficients between both methods were 0.98 for the systolic and 0.93 for the diastolic pressure of the adult women, and 0.94 for the systolic pressure of the adolescents. The correlations between the two diastolic pressures of adolescents were much less (0.69). The Physiometrics measurements were consistent with the measurements by auscultation for systolic and diastolic pressures of women and systolic pressure of adolescents, but the consistency was low for diastolic pressure of adolescents. An effort has been made to relate differences between the two methods with other anthropometric variables, but the correlations with these variables were of low level.
Hypertension
PMID:Comparisons of blood pressure measurements by auscultation and Physiometrics Infrasonde recording techniques. 739 40

Indirect blood pressure (BP) was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer on 3524 children, ages 5-14 years, representative of a defined geographic population. Year 1 to Year 4 correlations ranged from 0.52 to 0.63 systolic blood pressure (SBP) and from 0.23 to 0.45 diastolic 4th phase blood pressure (DBP4). Some 55% of those originally in the upper decile remained in the uppermost two deciles 3 years later. All children ages 5, 8, 11, and 14 years were reexamined annually, and the mean year-to-year standard deviation (SD) within the child was computed to be 5.5 mm Hg SBP and 5.9 mm Hg DBP. After 3 years, for all available children (n = 2601) the age-specific cross-sectional SD was found to be 8.7-9.7 mm Hg SBP and 7.6-8.0 mm Hg DBP. These data enabled us to quantify the regression to the mean due to within-child variation for the uppermost and the lowest decile BP, using the Gardner-Heady model. These children had an average BP at examination that differed from the expected level (adjusting for regression to the mean due to within-child variation) by 1 mm Hg SBP and DBP. Quantification of the degree to which children's BP "tracks" is important for early diagnosis and intervention in high BP.
Hypertension
PMID:Time course study of blood pressure in children over a three-year period. Bogalusa Heart Study. 739 41

The skin perfusion on the calf was measured photo-electrically and by isotope washout technique using external counter pressure by a blood pressure cuff. By the photocell the skin blanching threshold external pressure (BTEP) was recorded on histamine flared red skin. By isotope washout technique the skin blood flow cessation external pressure (FCEP) was recorded using intra-dermal [131I-]-antipyrine mixed with histamine in estimating the skin blood flow. The external pressure was measured with an airfilled plastic cushion connected to a mercury manometer. Over a wide range of pressures as obtained from twenty patients with occlusive arterial disease of the legs, five normal subjects and eleven patients treated for arterial hypertension the values of the two different methods were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.97, P < 0.001). On average the BTEP was equal to the FCEP: 83.9 mmHg (range 18-187) compared to 80.8 mmHg (range 18-158) (P > 0.1). A normal material was obtained from twenty-four subjects measured on the thigh, calf and ankle; the average gradients between the auscultatory brachial mean blood pressure and the BTEP were: thigh 10.7 mmHg (SD 12.7); calf 4.0 mmHg (SD 12.1); ankle 5.1 mmHg (SD 8.7). As compared to the intra-arterial blood pressure the BTEP was found to lie close to the mean blood pressure in normal subjects as well as in hypertensive subjects. The present data indicate that the skin perfusion pressure on the legs can be measured by the rapid photo-electric technique. The clinical application and sources of error are discussed.
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PMID:Skin perfusion pressure on the legs measured as the external pressure required for skin reddening after blanching: a photo-electric technique compared to isotope washout. 744 57

Arterial hypertension is the most common cardiovascular risk factor in the elderly. Its clinical control emphasises the problem of the systems used for monitoring: clinical measurement by the physician, home self-monitoring, ambulatory monitoring, etc. In particular, in the elderly population, the self-monitoring of blood pressure can present further problems associated with their situation. In our study we evaluated, in an elderly population, the differences in the self-recording of blood pressure with automatic and semi-automatic equipment using a mercury sphygmomanometer by a physician as a 'gold standard' control. We studied 28 elderly subjects using a rigid protocol for the self-measurement of their blood pressure. Our results show that automatic equipment is significantly more precise and easier to use than semiautomatic equipment in home self-measurement of blood pressure in elderly people.
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PMID:Blood pressure self-measurement in the elderly: differences between automatic and semi-automatic systems. 759 3

Because of the clinical and experimental utility of continuous finger blood pressure measurements and the need for accuracy, we tested the performance of a new hydraulic device in 22 consecutive hypertensive subjects during physiological and pharmacological interventions. Ipsilateral brachial intra-arterial pressure was monitored during rest, Valsalva's maneuver, static handgrip, and mental arithmetic and after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. In excess of 40,000 blood pressure values were analyzed. Average bias (intra-arterial minus finger blood pressure) was 8.2 +/- 17.0 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, P = NS) for systolic and 2.8 +/- 10.4 mm Hg (P = NS) for diastolic pressure. Two-way ANOVA of biases with subject and task factors showed a subject effect (P < .001). Intersubject and intrasubject standard deviations of bias were 13.8 and 9.8 mm Hg systolic and 8.7 and 5.7 diastolic, respectively. Linear drift (millimeters of mercury per minute) of finger pressure was greater (P < .001) for systolic than diastolic pressure during static exercise and math and after glyceryl trinitrate. Coefficients of determination for blood pressure ranged from 0.4 +/- 0.3 to 0.8 +/- 0.3 during the tasks. We conclude that (1) noninvasive finger blood pressure faithfully follows intra-arterial changes but with clinically relevant offsets, (2) this technique is best suited for assessing pressure changes, (3) physiological and pharmacological interventions do not consistently affect finger pressure accuracy, (4) many reports of finger blood pressure measuring devices are based on direct readings obtained with inadequate system response characteristics, and (5) the tested instrument falls short of the standard requirements (bias < or = 5 +/- 8 mm Hg) for devices that measure intermittently.
Hypertension 1995 Aug
PMID:Physiological influences on continuous finger and simultaneous intra-arterial blood pressure. 763 40

Physical, neurological and psychological examinations as well as laboratory tests were performed in the group of 147 workers, engaged in the production of chlorine, acetic aldehyde and soda lye, exposed to metallic mercury vapours and in the control group (n = 49). In the evaluation of laboratory tests, morphology of peripheral blood, liver function tests and lipid balance were analysed in the first part of the work. Electroencephalography, electrocardiography and chest X-ray were also performed as auxiliary examinations. There was a certain percentage of cases with symptoms of organic damage of the brain mostly in the form of cerebellar syndrome. Psychological organic tests proved to be of little value in the evaluation of effects of exposure to mercury. The results suggest that occupational exposure to metallic mercury vapours can enhance the risk of hypertension and myocardial failure. Harmful effect of occupational exposure to metallic mercury vapour on the respiratory and haemopoietic systems as well as on the liver and lipid balance was not observed.
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PMID:[Examination of health effects after exposure to metallic mercury vapors in workers engaged in production of chlorine and acetic aldehyde. I. Evaluation of general health status]. 763 28

Cerebral vasodilation in response to hypotension is necessary to maintain adequate cerebral blood flow. This study in newborn pigs examines the hypothesis that endothelial injury in vivo inhibits cerebral vasodilation in response to hypotension in newborn pigs, thus suggesting that this response is endothelium dependent. Chloralose-anesthetized piglets with closed cranial windows were studied before and after injury caused by light/dye or before and after dye only sham control. Light/dye injury was produced by injecting sodium fluorescein i.v. and passing filtered light from a mercury arc lamp through the cranial window. Measurements of pial arteries and arterioles were made during normotensive and hypotensive periods. Hemorrhagic hypotension (to 50% of the mean arterial control value) caused pial arterial and arteriolar diameters to increase 49 +/- 8% and 66 +/- 8%, respectively. After the light/dye injury, dilation in response to hypotension was absent, whereas dilations in response to isoproterenol and constriction in response to hypertension (3.33 to 4.0 kPa increase in arterial pressure) and hypocapnia were retained. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hypotension-induced cerebral arteriolar vasodilation is dependent on endothelial signals influencing adjacent smooth muscle.
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PMID:Light/dye microvascular injury eliminates pial arteriolar dilation in hypotensive piglets. 770 Jul 23

Because alteration of oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram has been described in diabetic patients without signs of diabetic retinopathy as an early marker of changes in microcirculation, we studied the behavior of these potentials in patients with early-onset hypertension. Electroretinograms were recorded in 24 subjects with essential hypertension (blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg) and in 9 age-matched normotensive control subjects (blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg). Diabetes and ocular diseases were considered exclusion criteria. Sitting blood pressure was measured by a single investigator with a mercury sphygmomanometer after each subject had been at rest for 10 minutes. Funduscopic changes in all subjects did not exceed stage I World Health Organization classification. The oscillatory index was calculated by adding waves O1, O2, and O3 within the b wave of the electroretinogram. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t test for paired and unpaired data and linear regression. The oscillatory index was significantly reduced in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive subjects. An inverse relationship was observed when systolic and diastolic blood pressures were plotted against the oscillatory index. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the electrical activity of the retina is altered early in the course of hypertension and that the influence of systolic pressure on the oscillatory index is greater than that of diastolic pressure.
Hypertension 1995 Apr
PMID:Oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram in hypertensive patients. 772 41

The antihypertensive effect of daily doses of three beta-adrenoblockers (Bisoprolol, 10 mg once a day, propranolol, 80 mg twice a day, and methoprolol, 100 mg twice a day), and placebo was examined in 14 patients with persistent mild and moderate hypertension during a double blind cross-over study by using 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and its routine measurements. The latter made by a mercury sphygmomanometer indicated that the antihypertensive and negative chronotropic effect of Bisoprolol in a dose of 10 mg remained 24 hours after its administration and it did not significantly differ from that of the two other agents given in the above doses. The application of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring allows a more pronounced antihypertensive effect of bisoprolol to be revealed during 24 hours than that displayed by the two agents. Bisoprolol is an effective and safe antihypertensive agent.
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PMID:[The antihypertensive effect of the new cardioselective prolonged-action beta-adrenoblocker bisoprolol compared with propranolol, metoprolol and placebo]. 777 86

To determine the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and its risk factors, we performed a population-based national cross-sectional blood pressure (BP) survey in Korea in 1990. Through cluster sampling, we selected for study individuals older than 30 years of age in 190 of 154,082 districts. Among 25,567 eligible individuals, 21,242 subjects had measurements of BP and body mass index (BMI) and underwent a standard interview. BP was recorded as the mean of two measurements on a standard mercury manometer. The prevalence of HTN varied widely by area of residence. Overall prevalence was 19.8% for HTN defined as BP > or = 140/90 mm Hg or subject on medication, and 12.4% for BP > or = 160/95 mm Hg or subject on medication. Correlates for HTN identified by logistic regression analysis included positive family history of HTN (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2,), age (10 years); OR = 1.9), alcohol intake (500 cc; OR = 1.4), urban location (versus rural; OR = 1.3), and BMI (1 BMI unit; OR = 1.2). [Am J Prev Med 1994;10:200-4]
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PMID:Hypertension in Korea: a national survey. 780 61


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