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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dichlormagnesium-aspartate-hydrochloride was given to 12 patients with mild hypertension in antihypertensive indication at a dose of 10.5 mmol Mg2+/day for 3 months. Blood pressure normalized (from 161.7 +/- 3.4/95.8 +/- 0.8 mmHg to 140.4 +/- 4.0/81.7 +/- 0.9 mmHg, after the third month (p < 0.01). While no changes in Mg2+ concentration in serum were observed in patients with normomagnesaemia, in hypomagnesaemic patients vS-Mg level normalized. Renal excretion of Mg2+ increased: from 3.41 +/- 0.36 before to 5.7 +/- 0.57 mmol Mg2+/24 h after treatment, p < 0.01. Mean plasma serotonin (5HT) concentration showed no changes, although a trend towards an increase in platelet 5HT content was observed. Elevated pre-treatment plasma 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) concentrations normalized (from 137.29 +/- 20.3 to 78.96 +/- 31.64 nmol/l after the third month, p < 0.05). These findings point to a platelet-stabilizing effect of Mg2+. Fractional excretion of 5HIAA increased (from 1.42 +/- 0.27 to 5.4 +/- 1.22 after treatment, p < 0.01) while mean urinary 5HIAA excretion remained unchanged. It is deduced that a) total body 5HT and 5HIAA production was not affected; b) a long-term supplementation of Mg2+ stimulates the transport of 5HIAA in proximal tubules and, probably, intrarenal 5HIAA synthesis. A functional block in 5HT metabolism under Mg2+ treatment is anticipated. Thus, Mg2+ supplementation has renal and extrarenal effects that are important in treating hypertension and its complications.
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PMID:Anti-hypertensive treatment with magnesium-aspartate-dichloride and its influence on peripheral serotonin metabolism in man: a subacute study. 128 56

Alterations in intracellular cation metabolism have been implicated in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Total magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium levels were studied in serum erythrocytes and platelets, from 154 subjects (76 hypertensive and 78 normotensives; 104 blacks and 50 whites). In the combined black and white hypertensive group, platelet sodium and calcium and erythrocyte calcium were elevated and serum potassium, serum magnesium and platelet magnesium decreased. In the black hypertensive patients, platelet sodium and calcium and erythrocyte calcium were increased, whereas serum magnesium, serum potassium, platelet magnesium and erythrocyte magnesium were decreased. In the white hypertensive group, platelet sodium and erythrocyte calcium were raised and platelet magnesium was decreased. In the black hypertensive patients, serum and platelet magnesium and serum calcium were negatively and erythrocyte and platelet calcium positively correlated with mean arterial pressure. In the white hypertensive patients platelet sodium was directly related to mean arterial pressure. These results suggest that intracellular sodium and calcium overload and magnesium depletion may be important in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Magnesium disturbances are more consistent and widespread in black hypertensive patients than in white hypertensive patients.
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PMID:Intracellular Mg2+, Ca2+, Na2+ and K+ in platelets and erythrocytes of essential hypertension patients: relation to blood pressure. 142 23

Magnesium deficiency is common but difficult to diagnose and to assess in clinical practice. The use of a magnesium loading test was therefore evaluated to diagnose magnesium deficiency in 661 hospitalized patients with medical conditions assumed to interfere with magnesium uptake and excretion. Thirty millimoles of magnesium sulphate were administered intravenously during 8 h as a loading test and related to the urinary excretion in the following 24 h. A group of 30 patients without any known predisposition for magnesium deficiency and a group of 27 healthy volunteers served as controls. The mean (with 95% confidence interval) magnesium retention was 4 (-2-10)% in the control group of patients and 3 (-2-8)% in healthy subjects. A significantly higher retention was observed in all the groups of the patients: atrial fibrillation 18 (11-25)%, other arrhythmias 18 (11-24)%, hypertension 27 (20-33)%, coronary artery disease 25 (20-30)%, congestive heart failure 31 (26-37)%, cerebrovascular events 38 (24-51)%, gastrointestinal disorders 22 (14-29)%, diabetes mellitus 16 (9-22)%, and alcoholics 33 (29-36)%. The percentage of patients with a retention greater than mean + 2 SD of the two control groups varied between 22% and 54% among the different patient groups. The mean serum magnesium among the patient groups was similar to the control group of patients, except for the alcoholics, hypertensives and young healthy controls, who had significantly reduced levels. Magnesium retention was significantly correlated to age and renal function, and among the alcoholics negatively correlated to serum magnesium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency diagnosed by an intravenous loading test. 143 10

Hypertension is a common phenomenon in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting. This hypertension increases myocardial oxygen consumption and can be prevented by application of vasodilators. A possible cause is activation of the renin angiotensin system. Magnesium is a potent vasodilator and has a beneficial effect after myocardial ischaemia. The study was performed to analyse the influence of magnesium infusion on the haemodynamic status and plasma renin activity in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting. METHODS. Eighteen patients (NYHA classification II-III) undergoing bypass surgery were divided into two groups, a magnesium and a control group. The magnesium group (n = 9) received 0.8 mEq/kg per h magnesium aspartate as an infusion for 15 min while still awake. After induction of anaesthesia, the magnesium infusion was reduced to 0.2 mEq/kg per h and stopped after aortic cannulation was completed. Plasma magnesium levels and concentrations within erythrocytes were measured. Anaesthesia was induced by flunitrazepam (0.01 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.005 mg/kg) and pancuronium (0.1 mg/kg). After intubation, patients were normoventilated with N2O/O2 = 1:1 and isoflurane (0.5-1.0 vol%). Additional doses of fentanyl (0.0025 mg/kg) were injected before the incision and before sternotomy. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, total peripheral resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, left ventricular stroke work index, right ventricular stroke work index, intrapulmonary shunt and plasma renin activity were evaluated at five predefined points: (1) prior to magnesium infusion; (2) after magnesium infusion; (3) 10 min following induction of anaesthesia under steady-state conditions; (4) after sternotomy; (5) after aortic cannulation. RESULTS. Concerning the haemodynamic parameters (MAP, RAP, PAP, PCWP) no significant difference between the two groups could be demonstrated. In the control group peripheral resistance (TPR) was higher following sternotomy and aortic cannulation than in the magnesium group. Magnesium prevented decrease of the cardiac index (CI) under steady-state conditions, during sternotomy and following aortic cannulation. Left and right ventricular stroke work indexes (LVSWI and RVSWI) were higher in the magnesium group. Plasma renin levels were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery benefit from magnesium administration in the pre-bypass phase. Due to its vasodilating effect, magnesium lowers the output impedance of the left ventricle and improves cardiac pumping function. It opposes detrimental cardiovascular responses to sternotomy and following aortic cannulation. Also of importance is the advantageous effect of magnesium on cardiac arrest elicited by cardioplegia and for reactivation of the ischaemic myocardium.
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PMID:[Hemodynamics of coronary surgery patients following magnesium aspartate infusion]. 148 73

In a placebo controlled, partially double-blinded, clinical trial, a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil was compared to Magnesium Oxide, and to a Placebo in preventing Pre-Eclampsia of Pregnancy. All were given as nutritional supplements for six months to a group of primiparous and multiparous pregnant women. Some of these women had personal or family histories of hypertension (21%). Only those patients who received prenatal care at the Central Maternity Hospital for Luanda were included in the study. Compared to the Placebo group (29%), the group receiving the mixture of evening primrose oil and fish oil containing Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had a significantly lower incidence of edema (13%, p = 0.004). The group receiving Magnesium Oxide had statistically significant fewer subjects who developed hypertension of pregnancy. There were 3 cases of eclampsia, all in the Placebo group.
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PMID:Effects of a combination of evening primrose oil (gamma linolenic acid) and fish oil (eicosapentaenoic + docahexaenoic acid) versus magnesium, and versus placebo in preventing pre-eclampsia. 149 8

Magnesium concentrations in erythrocyte ghosts and arterial tissue of male, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were significantly less than in these tissues of male normotensive controls (Wistar-Kyoto; WKY) of the same age, which were also fed rat chow and tap water. The magnesium concentration in SHR erythrocyte ghosts was increased to the control value by incubating SHR erythrocytes with WKY blood plasma; SHR plasma did not affect the magnesium concentration in WKY erythrocyte ghosts. The magnesium concentrations in erythrocyte ghosts, aortas, and mesenteric arteries from female salt-sensitive (SS/JR) and salt-resistant (SR/JR) Dahl-derived rats, both maintained ad libitum on laboratory rat chow and either tap water or 0.9% NaCl, were not different but were significantly less than those of Sprague-Dawley rats considered as controls. While the ingestion of 0.9% NaCl had no effect on the magnesium concentrations measured in these animals, it caused the salt-sensitive rats to become severely hypertensive. It is evident from these observations that the decreased binding of magnesium to the plasma membrane of cells may be an inheritable metabolic defect that may be associated with the development of hypertension. However, in those instances of hypertension in which this defect occurs, it appears to be a contributing cause of the hypertension; by itself the defect is not a cause of hypertension.
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PMID:Abnormal magnesium metabolism in two rat models of genetic hypertension. 149 90

Magnesium is the second most important intracellular cation after potassium in the human cell. Its pathologic and therapeutic role is well established in a large number of chronic conditions as vascular heart diseases, arrhythmias, hypertension, nephrolithiasis, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, as well as in liver and pancreatic diseases. A broad spectrum of different clinical aspects and need of supplementation of magnesium is reviewed by the authors. Since suitable preparations are not available in the market the substitution of magnesium can cause difficulties in the practice.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of magnesium]. 160 12

In humans with essential hypertension and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), insulin resistance may be present even in lean individuals. As the basis for this abnormality is unknown, we have used a newly developed fluorophore to measure intracellular free-Mg2+ concentrations in cultured aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and striated muscle cells from SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Intracellular free-Mg2+ levels were lower in both striated muscle cells (SHR, 0.423 +/- 0.077 mmol.L-1 v WKY, 0.559 +/- 0.068 mmol.L-1; P less than .001) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SHR, 0.406 +/- 0.067 mmol.L-1 v WKY, 0.625 +/- 0.077 mmol.L-1; P less than .001) from hypertensive animals. This widespread, intrinsic defect in the regulation of intracellular Mg2+ may explain the increased vascular resistance and reduced insulin sensitivity present in hypertension.
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PMID:Intracellular free-magnesium levels in vascular smooth muscle and striated muscle cells of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 161 97

Hypertension is known to potentiate the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) in diabetic individuals. Receptor-effector systems for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is known to regulate intracellular calcium (Ca2+), were studied in the kidney during hypertensive-diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Animals were divided into four groups: control, diabetic (D), hypertensive (H), and diabetic plus hypertensive (D + H). Diabetes was induced by a streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) injection and hypertension was induced by abdominal aortic constriction; studies were done at 1 and 6 weeks. Plasma ANP was increased at 1 week in the D, H, and D + H groups. There was a significant increase in the activity of Ca2+ + magnesium (Mg2+) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), which acts as a Ca2+ pump, in the kidney basolateral membrane from D, H, and D + H group at the 1 week study. Ca2+ + Mg2+ ATPase, on the other hand, was significantly decreased in the D + H group only at 6 weeks. This was associated with a decrease in plasma ANP, an increase in the kidney ANP receptor number, and a decrease in guanylate cyclase activity. The response of the Ca2+ pump to ANP was also attenuated. Since ANP is known to mediate its cellular effects in part by increasing Ca2+ + Mg2+ ATPase, the observed changes in the D + H group may contribute to the development of nephropathy and CHF.
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PMID:Congestive heart failure in diabetes with hypertension may be due to uncoupling of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor-effector system in the kidney basolateral membrane. 164 1

The spontaneously hypertensive rats and their genetically matched controls, Wistar-Kyoto, serve as models of essential hypertension. The present study was undertaken to determine whether brush border membrane vesicles obtained from jejunal enterocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats show increased Na(+)-H+ exchange as part of a generalized membrane disorder. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from the jejunum of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats using an Mg2+/ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid precipitation method. Uptake of 22Na by these vesicles was found to be into an osmotically sensitive intravesicular space rather than mere binding. Initial Na+ uptake by brush border membrane vesicles was greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (P less than 0.05). Higher total and amiloride-sensitive Na+ uptake in spontaneously hypertensive rats occurred in the presence of an outwardly directed pH gradient, and uptake became statistically similar to that of Wistar-Kyoto rats in the absence of a pH gradient. Moreover, amiloride-insensitive Na+ uptake under an outwardly directed pH gradient did not differ significantly between the two groups. The enhanced Na(+)-H+ activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats is not due to altered membrane permeability to protons, as is shown by acridine orange-quenching studies. Kinetic studies for amiloride-sensitive Na+ uptake showed a greater Vmax in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats (1.46 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.08 nmol.mg protein-1.7 s-1) but the Km values were similar in the two groups. These finding, along with similar findings previously reported in vascular smooth muscle and renal tissue of SHR, strongly suggest that an increased Na(+)-H+ exchange is related to the development of hypertension.
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PMID:Increased Na(+)-H+ exchange in jejunal brush border membrane vesicles of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 164 26


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