Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hereditary coproporphyria (Hepatic coproporphyria: HCP); HCP is the rarest and least recognized among hepatic porphyrias and is characterised by an excess of faecal and urinary excretion of coproporphyrin (mainly isomer III). The deficiency is in coproporphyrinogen oxidase. HCP was first described by Berger and Goldberg in 1955 and was considered an asymptomatic biochemical abnormality. It later became evident that HCP could provoke acute attacks similar to those of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and variegate porphyria (VP). Such episodes are often provoked by barbiturates, sulphonamides and other drugs, and include automatic symptoms (hypertension, tachycardia, abdominal pain, constipation), central (epileptic seizures, mental disturbances) and peripheral nervous system dysfunction. During acute attacks, urinary ALA (delta-aminole-vulinic acid) and PBG (porphobilinogen) are elevated just as in AIP and VP, however, a marked elevation of faecal COPRO (coproporphyrin) is diagnostic of HCP. Laparoscopic finding of our case showed a map-like appearance of the liver surface with slightly depressed dark-bluish areas and reddish-brown areas. The liver biopsy specimen showed red fluorescence under ultraviolet light. On HE staining, hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes and many brown granules in the hepatocytes were seen. A part of the granules stained positive for iron. Schmorl's stain showed many needle-shaped crystallines. Erythropoietic coproporphyria (ECP); Heilmeyer and Clotten have described that elevated PROTO (protoporphyrin) and COPRO were found in the RBC of the patient. Topi et al. described two brothers with cutaneous photosensitivity similar to that of erythropoietic protoporphyria, but with elevated RBC PROTO and COPRO III in both. Very little is known about this disease.
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PMID:[Hereditary coproporphyria (Hepatic coproporphyria), Erythropoietic coproporphyria]. 761 59

Neonatal liver (storage) but not heart (nonstorage) tissue iron concentrations were reduced by 60% at autopsy in 15 newborn infants who had gestations complicated by uteroplacental insufficiency because of maternal hypertension or Potter syndrome. The hepatic iron reductions in term and preterm infants, and with either antecedent condition, were similar.
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PMID:Reduced neonatal liver iron concentrations after uteroplacental insufficiency. 763 62

The success of maintenance haemodialysis in the 1960s was blighted by the problem of anaemia. Treatment with iron, folic acid, androgens and transfusions did no more than minimize its effects. The need for a renewable source of erythropoietin was appreciated very early but the hope took 25 years to realize. Cloning and expression of the human gene was achieved in 1984 and clinical trials planned even before the descriptions of the recombinant hormone were published. The Amgen material was tested in parallel studies in Seattle and England and by the end of 1986 the efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) given in large intravenous bolus doses in reversing the anaemia of uraemia was established. The benefits were immediately obvious: relief from transfusion dependence was the unequivocal evidence but the effect on 'wellbeing' though subjective was remarkable. Large clinical trials were completed in Europe and the USA so that r-HuEPO was licensed as a therapeutic drug less than two years later. The pilot studies flagged a number of key issues: hypertension, sometimes with encephalopathy, occurred in patients whose blood pressure was labile before treatment; vascular access failure seemed more frequent and hyperkalaemia was thought to reflect less efficient dialysis. Failure to respond focused attention on iron balance as well as on factors such as infection, aluminium, and hyperparathyroidism. A more clear understanding of the pathogenesis of the anaemia of uraemia was made possible by dissection of the specific effects of the exogenous erythropoietin on erythroid function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Historical review on the use of recombinant human erythropoietin in chronic renal failure. 764 3

In this study, disturbance of immune response as a pathogenic mechanism for human volume hypertension was investigated and compared to nephritis in its correlation with the metals such as zinc, iron and aluminum as environmental factors. Urinary gamma-GTP excretions in patients with nephritis or hypertension were higher than in healthy people, whereas the plasma renin activity in these patients were lower on the average than in healthy individuals. Hypertensive patients participating in this study were diagnosed as the volume hypertension type from our clinical and other results. The serum IgM and IgA levels in renal patients showed a tendency to be lower than in the healthy people used as control. Urinary IgA excretion in hypertensive patients was increased in association with increasing excretions of aluminum and/or iron into urine. The values of regression coefficients in the urine samples for aluminum and iron vs. IgA, respectively, were very high at r = 0.900 (n = 9, p < 0.05) and 0.736 (n = 9, p < 0.05). These correlations were shown to be very useful indicators in diagnosing volume hypertension. Moreover, hypertensive patients in this study were demonstrated to have a high regression coefficient (r = -0.702, n = 7; p < 0.05) for calcium vs. renin in the serum. In the hypertension, augmentation of serum calcium significantly decreased plasma renin activity.
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PMID:Changes in IgA and metals in serum and urine of human volume hypertension. 765 42

Two male patients with mild gastrointestinal bleeding had peculiar dark pigmentation of their duodenum on upper endoscopy. These pigmented lesions were still present 3 months after the original endoscopy and after resolution of all other mucosal lesions. Both patients had other medical problems, including hypertension. They have been on multiple antihypertensive medications for many years. Biopsies of these duodenal lesions showed the pigment to be present inside the macrophages found in the lamina propria and in between the epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed a lysosomal localization of this pigment. This melanin-like pigment proved to contain varying amounts of iron, sulfur, and calcium. This pigmentation is closely associated with systemic hypertension, even in the pediatric population.
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PMID:Case reports: pseudomelanosis duodeni: association with systemic hypertension. 766 6

Possession of specialized iron acquisition systems is a prerequisite for the survival of pathogenic bacteria in their host. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Bacteroides fragilis, a clinically important Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, possesses a specific haem-uptake system. Growth studies indicated that this microorganism can utilize haem from either haemoglobin or haptoglobin-haemoglobin as its sole source of iron. Iron-repressible haem-binding protein complexes (HBP complexes), involved in the uptake of haem from haptoglobin-haemoglobin were detected by means of lithium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (LDS-PAGE). Four polypeptides of approximately 60, 58, 49 and 35 kDa, which are part of these HBP complexes, were identified as haem-binding proteins. A 44 kDa iron-repressible outer-membrane protein is needed for a functional HBP complex, but the exact role of this protein in the uptake of haem is still unknown.
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PMID:Utilization of haem from the haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex by Bacteroides fragilis. 770 Jan 31

Dogs placed on a high-fat diet develop obesity and hypertension associated with marked sodium retention that is due to increased tubular reabsorption. Previous studies showed that renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure is elevated in obese dogs compared with lean dogs, and histological studies revealed increases in medullary interstitial cells and expansion of the medullary but not the cortical extracellular matrix. This matrix stained intensively with Alcian Blue at pH 2.6, colloidal iron, and periodic acid-Schiff, suggesting increased glycosaminoglycans. The goal of this study was to quantitate medullary glycosaminoglycan content in obese (n = 8) compared with lean (n = 8) dogs. Measurement of total glycosaminoglycan content, estimated from uronic acid content, and of hyaluronate, the most abundant glycosaminoglycan in canine renal medulla, with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that there were no significant differences in total glycosaminoglycan or hyaluronate contents in the outer medulla of obese dogs compared with those in lean dogs. In contrast, in the inner medulla of obese dogs there was a 140% increase in hyaluronate compared with the content in lean dogs (4.3 +/- 0.5 versus 1.8 +/- 0.2 mg hyaluronate per gram wet tissue, respectively; P < .05); however, total glycosaminoglycan content was not significantly different (6.9 +/- 0.7 versus 6.2 +/- 0.5 mg uronic acid per gram wet tissue) in obese and lean dogs. These results suggest a change in the relative proportion of the glycosaminoglycan species in the inner medulla of obese dogs, with a selective increase in hyaluronate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1995 Apr
PMID:Increased hyaluronic acid in the inner renal medulla of obese dogs. 772 49

A number of laboratory tests are available for the evaluation of the hypertensive gravida. These tests can be used to either predict and/or prognosticate between preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. These laboratory tests were evaluated based on published experience with special attention to its ability to facilitate identification of the patient with preeclampsia apart from other hypertensive disorders that co-exist with and occur as a complication of pregnancy. Hypocalciuria and increased cellular plasma fibronectin seem to be good tests to differentiate preeclampsia from chronic hypertension. The management of preeclampsia with its increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality renders this differentiation clinically very important. Hyperuricemia, proteinuria, increased serum beta-thromboglobulin concentration, abnormal red blood cell morphology with increased hemoglobin/hematocrit, and increased serum iron individually and collectively reflect the severity of preeclampsia. Platelets and total serum lactate dehydrogenase are the best tests to reflect the severity of HELLP syndrome. Circulating hCG and serum thromboglobulin seem to be the most promising future predictors for preeclampsia.
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PMID:The laboratory evaluation of hypertensive gravidas. 773 26

Hypertension, cigarette smoking, and nicotine augment the clinical significance of other risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases by mechanisms which are poorly understood. Since altered trace element metabolism and antioxidant status have also been implicated in these diseases, the present study investigated the interaction of nicotine treatment and hypertension on tissue trace element concentrations and select indices of antioxidant status. Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with nicotine, via a time release tablet at an average rate of 75 micrograms/h for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure in nicotine-treated SHRs was significantly higher at weeks 3 and 6 of treatment than in the SHR-controls. Blood pressure in WKY rats was not affected by nicotine. Plasma and liver iron concentrations in the nicotine-treated SHR were higher than the SHR-controls and the WKY groups. Nicotine treatment did not affect plasma and liver zinc and copper concentrations or liver manganese (Mn) concentrations. Plasma ceruloplasmin activity was increased by nicotine treatment in the SHRs. Liver Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activities and glutathione concentrations, and liver and heart glutathione reductase activities, were higher in both groups of SHRs than in the WKY groups. Red cell SOD activity in the nicotine-treated SHR was lower than in the SHR-controls. In summary, blood pressure increased more rapidly in the nicotine-treated SHRs compared to the controls. The marked effects on antioxidant status observed were attributable more to hypertension than to the nicotine treatment.
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PMID:Comparative effects of 6-week nicotine treatment on blood pressure and components of the antioxidant system in male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. 774 May 54

The recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) by subcutaneous route has been considered the drug of choice for the correction of the anemia of chronic renal patients. PURPOSE--To evaluate the efficacy of a new preparation of rHuEPO in the correction of the anemia of chronic renal patients maintained by haemodialysis, exclusively administered by subcutaneous route, studying the adverse effects and searching for predictive factors for the response to this medication. METHODS--Twelve patients in regular haemodialysis were treated with freeze-dried rHuEPO by subcutaneous route during 18 months with initial doses of 20U/kg/dialysis. They were submitted to a careful clinical and laboratory monitoring for all this study. RESULTS--Eleven patients ended the study reaching the target hematocrit (Htc) of 30% and keeping it during the whole period of the study. The mean correction and maintenance doses of rHuEPO were 65U/kg/dialysis and 51U/kg/dialysis respectively. At the 12th week of the study a significative increase of Htc (18.4 +/- 3.5% vs. 25.4% +/- 3.8%, p < 0.05) was demonstrated. An increase of the erythrocytes and hemoglobin was concomitantly observed. Leucocytes and platelets increased significantly from the 24th week and kept steadily until the end of study. Just potassium increased in the biochemistry analysis of the patients at the 4th and the 12th week of the study returning to the basal values at the 24th week. The evolution of the iron metabolism parameters demonstrated an intermitent and statistically significant decrease of transferrin saturation at the 1st, 12th and 24th week, returning to the basal levels at the end of study. The serum ferritin did not change (582.7 +/- 700, 9ng/mL vs. 700.0 +/- 651, 6ng/nL). The weight and the blood pressure did not change either, although 2 normotensive patients became hypertensive and 2 others with controlled hypertension needed drug rearrange for blood pressure control (36%). A patient had a seizure episode with a full recovery. CONCLUSION--The rHuEPO has proved to be a safe and an efficient drug with easily controlled adverse effect.
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PMID:[Correction of anemia in chronic kidney failure with lyophilized recombinant human erythropoietin using a subcutaneous approach]. 782 Jan 45


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