Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inhibitors of erythropoiesis found in the blood of uremic patients have been implicated as some of the causes of anemia in chronic renal failure. As a treatment to remove the inhibitors, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is thought to be more effective than hemodialysis. Some researchers have reported that CAPD has improved anemic state in hemodialysis patients. However, there have been some cases of severe anemia seen in CAPD patients. To access the effect of the CAPD, we have performed serial examination on hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) in 5 uremic patients under CAPD treatment. Hb levels in 4 and Ht in 3 of 5 patients have been known to be increased. One patient was shown to have no increment on the levels of Hb and Ht. On the other hand, further investigation has been down to access the effect of the recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO: Chugai pharmaceutical) on anemic patients, in whom no effect was noticed by treatment of CAPD. One severe anemic patient, who had been undergoing the treatment of CAPD for two years, was given r-HuEPO intravenously. The patient showed the increment on the levels of Hb and Ht, and the decreases on the levels of serum iron and ferritin. However, the patient has developed hypertension. In conclusion, CAPD was known to be not always effective for the increment of Hb and Ht, while r-HuEPO was very effective for the improvement of severe anemia in CAPD patients which enabls them to lead better social life for them.
 ...
PMID:[Anemia in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. 280 27

Clinical effect and safety of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) were evaluated in 66 hemodialysis patients with intractable anemia. Initially, 50U/kg dry weight (DW) of r-HuEPO was administered intravenously at the end of every hemodialysis procedure for 4 weeks, then the dosage was increased to 100 and 200U/kg DW for poor responders. The patients' hematocrits rose from 19.8 +/- 2.3% (pretreatment) to 30.2 +/- 4.9% after 12 weeks. From 206 U of blood transfusion requirement in the 3-month period before the study, only 34 U were needed after treatment. Serum iron and ferritin levels fell significantly during the study, and iron storage was considered to be one of the decisive factors in the response to r-HuEPO. Blood pressure rose in the course of r-HuEPO administration, but uncontrollable hypertension was rarely observed. There was no significant adverse effect of r-HuEPO except for this mild hypertension. These results indicate that r-HuEPO is an excellent therapeutic aid for the anemia associated with chronic renal failure.
 ...
PMID:Clinical effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on anemia associated with chronic renal failure. A multi-institutional study in Japan. 305 62

The pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline produces pulmonary inflammation, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and hypertension. In rats, monocrotaline pneumotoxicity can be ameliorated by cotreatment with inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), such as CL242817. In the present study, serum and urine copper (Cu) concentrations were evaluated as indices of cardiopulmonary injury in rats sacrificed after six weeks of continuous administration of monocrotaline (0 to 3.6 mg per kg per day, in the drinking water) or CL242817 (60 mg per kg per day, in the feed), or both. Monocrotaline-treated rats exhibited dose-dependent increases in (1) pulmonary histopathology, (2) pulmonary endothelial dysfunction (decreased lung plasminogen activator activity, and increased prostacyclin and thromboxane production), (3) pulmonary hydroxyproline (collagen) content, and (4) cardiac right ventricular hypertrophy (an anatomic correlate of pulmonary hypertension). The severity of cardiopulmonary damage was accompanied by a dose-dependent elevation in serum Cu concentration. Serum iron concentration, in contrast, did not change. Urinary Cu concentration correlated roughly with that of serum, but the variability within groups was high. Cotreatment with the ACE inhibitor CL242817 not only ameliorated monocrotaline-induced right heart enlargement and lung hydroxyproline accumulation but also reduced the hypercupremia in monocrotaline-treated rats. Thus, serum copper concentration appears to be an accurate and minimally invasive index of monocrotaline pneumotoxicity in this model of pulmonary hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Serum copper concentration as an index of cardiopulmonary injury in monocrotaline-treated rats. 314 70

As a contribution to the formulation of food guidelines and nutritional goals for Latin America, this article examines the singular situation of the elderly, defined as those persons over 60 years of age. The projected data for the year 2025, published by the Population Department of the United Nations, show that this age group represents an important sector--6.4% of the population in 1980--that is growing. Some countries, however, do have a rate that is comparable to the United States, 11.3%, such as Argentina, 12.7%, and Uruguay, 14.8%, which is similar to that of Europe. Along with other comparative demographic information, the analysis covers some of the biological, physiological, pathological, and psychosocial characteristics that become more common in senescence. To a certain extent, these characteristics bear a direct or indirect relationship with the energy, protein, and nutrient content of the diet. This becomes more evident upon examining the causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly, whose diseases are quite often chronic and degenerative. Those with the highest incidence, such as the cardiovascular ones--including cerebrovascular accidents, atherosclerosis, and hypertension--diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, anemias from lack of iron and folates, and some forms of cancer, reveal the influence of certain nutrients in their pathogenesis. Very few studies have been done on the over-70 age group to determine their requirements for energy, proteins, and various nutrients that serve as the basis for appropriate food guidelines. Usually, estimates are extrapolated from data on the 40-and-over age group. Some maintain that the variations for the elderly are small, but since this group is growing and is far from homogeneous, such a hypothesis must be tested. Following a review of recent literature, the article proposes a set of Food Guidelines and Nutritional Goals for persons over 60 in Latin America. It also recommends to countries interested in formulating their own guidelines how to proceed for the short, medium, and long terms. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the elderly are the most neglected group with reference to government programs, and most forgotten by society. They depend to a great extent on the labor force of each country. They suffer most frequently from chronic diseases and have the most need for medical care, they use a broad range of drugs that may interfere with the absorption and utilization of nutrients, as well as foods when may impair the bioavailability of drugs. They show the highest mortality rates, and, in a high proportion, require a normal diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Food guidelines and nutritional goals for aging]. 315 33

The involvement of elements in the pathological process of primary hypertension has been established. The tissue distribution of 12 elements was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive homologous rats (WKY). A multi-element analytical technique allowed simultaneous determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, rubidium, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, sulphur and phosphorus in blood, plasma, brain, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart and bone. Most elements were modified in SHR, except Ca, Rb and S. In plasma, an increase in Cu (+22%) and a decrease in K (-8%), Mg (-15%) and P (-11%) were observed. These variations, qualitatively similar to those found in man, suggest that the results in animal tissues could be extrapolated to man. Modifications were observed in all the tissues tested. Among them significant variations were noted in Na (+18%), Mn (+12%) and Cu (+29%) in kidney, and in K (+5%), Mg (+9%), Sr (-29%) and Zn (+14%) in heart. The role of these plasma and tissue variations in hypertension is discussed, as well as the possible involvement of the hypertensive process and/or hormones.
 ...
PMID:Altered element concentrations in tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 316 65

A double-blind parallel group study was carried out in patients with mild to moderate hypertension to assess the effects of 6 mg piretanide once or twice daily, in comparison to 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 5 mg amiloride once daily, on serum trace-element levels over a period of three months. The results showed that for most of the trace elements investigated (zinc, iron, copper, manganese and cobalt) no relevant changes were seen. Only serum iron values (medians) showed a slight drop (p less than 0.05) with 6 mg piretanide twice daily. The results indicate that a three-months' therapy with piretanide or with a thiazide-potassium sparer diuretic combination is safe without producing any disturbances in the serum levels of trace elements.
 ...
PMID:Serum trace-element levels in piretanide-treated hypertensives: a double-blind trial against hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride. 329 16

Chronic renal disease is frequently characterized by anemia, which may modify systemic and renal hemodynamics. In adult Munich-Wistar rats, the mild anemia (hematocrit, approximately equal to 42 vol/dl) that accompanies five-sixths nephrectomy was either made more severe (approximately equal to 30 vol/dl) by feeding a low iron diet or prevented (approximately equal to 50 vol/dl) by administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEpo). In functional studies performed 4 weeks after renal ablation, untreated rats exhibited mild anemia with systemic hypertension and elevation of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate due to glomerular capillary hyperperfusion and hypertension. Preventing anemia with r-HuEpo worsened systemic and glomerular hypertension, effects largely obviated by induction of more marked anemia with the low iron diet. Untreated rats followed for 6 weeks postablation exhibited progressive proteinuria and sclerosis involving 12% of glomeruli, contrasted with 33% in rats given r-HuEpo. Even after 12 weeks, sclerosis involved only 6% of glomeruli in rats with more severe anemia but progressed to 30% in untreated rats. Thus, anemia limits systemic and glomerular hypertension and glomerular injury, whereas its prevention by r-HuEpo severely accelerates hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in this model. These results suggest that anemia is a hemodynamically favorable adaptation to chronic renal disease and that its overly vigorous correction may have adverse renal hemodynamic and structural consequences.
 ...
PMID:Anemia lessens and its prevention with recombinant human erythropoietin worsens glomerular injury and hypertension in rats with reduced renal mass. 341 82

Fifteen spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain and 14 normotensive Wistar rats were kept on low iron diet until 3 weeks old. Nine hypertensive and 10 normotensive rats fed regular diet served as controls. Hypertensive rats exhibited higher haematocrit and haemoglobin levels. Low iron diet produced a more pronounced decrease in the haemoglobin level in hypertensive than in normotensive rats, indicating increased iron turnover in the former group. Anaemia inhibited development of arterial hypertension in Okamoto strain rats whereas it did not affect blood pressure in normotensive rats. The results point to an important role of the blood oxygen carrying capacity for the development of spontaneous hypertension in rats.
 ...
PMID:Does excessive tissue oxygen supply contribute to the development of spontaneous arterial hypertension in rats? 345 78

Serum iron was measured in 30 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and 24 normal pregnant women. The mean iron concentration was significantly higher in the group with pregnancy-induced hypertension (111 +/- 26 micrograms/ml) than in the controls (69 +/- 17 micrograms/ml) (p less than 0.0001). Readily available laboratory variables were used to determine whether the increased serum iron was the result of (1) hemolysis, (2) hepatocellular injury, or (3) intravascular volume contraction leading to hemoconcentration. It appears that a clinically silent, ongoing hemolytic reaction is responsible for the increase in serum iron seen in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
 ...
PMID:The origin of increased serum iron in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 363 Nov 72

Diet, hematology, and blood pressures of 1800 black and white nulliparous women were surveyed at a prenatal clinic. Although black women had higher blood pressure and lower hemoglobin and hematocrit means that white women, no racial differences were found for prevalence of anemia or hypertension. White women reported less adequate intakes of protein/iron and vitamins B and C compared with black women. No associations between dietary intake and anemia or hypertension were found in univariate analysis. Failure to find racial differences in prevalence of hypertension and anemia may reflect improvements in the dietary supplementation and health care available to lower socioeconomic, black women in the last decade.
 ...
PMID:Diet, blood pressure, and hematologic variables of nulliparous women attending a prenatal clinic. 370 12


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>