Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of anemia in dialysis patients. Reduced erythropoiesis is mainly attributed to erythropoietin deficiency. Stimulation of erythropoiesis may be promoted by androgens. Substitution of iron is recommended in case of iron deficiency. As a rule, supplementation of vitamin B12 is not necessary, but administration of folic acid is recommended. Treatment of anemia in renal failure is rendered more effective by increased technical efficiency in hemodialysis permitting a relatively protein-rich diet. Blood transfusions are not necessary during routine treatment of dialysis. Since bilateral nephrectomy will always provoke severe anemia, it should be reserved to special cases of severe hypertension. Until now, no conservative therapy has been developed which would allow optimal treatment of anemia in dialysis patients. Successful renal transplantation still is, and will be, the best therapeutic intervention.
 ...
PMID:[Anemia in terminal kidney failure. Pathogenesis and therapy]. 83 56

Cooperation between the family physician and the kidney-center begins with the recognition of a renal disease and pre-dialysis treatment. Our patients usually are sent for the preparation of an arterio-venous shunt operation (Cimino or modifications) when serum creatinin levels amount to 8 to 10 mg/100 ml. Peripheral veins on both forearms should be reserved for these procedures early in the course of renal disease and vascular punctures should be avoided. Dialysis treatment is performed either at the kidney-center, at one of our partner-centers, at the central self-care facility operating under the care and supervision of the kidney-center or as home-dialysis-treatment. Each patients continues to receive technical and medical services of the center. Central self-care dialysis as well as home-dialysis are organized by the Kuratorium for Heimdialyse e.V. in this area. This organization also provides an on-cell-service of technicians. Nurses and physicians take regular rotations to staff the dialysis- and the self-care-units. The family physician takes care of the hemodialysis patinet in cooperation with the hospital. In case of medical problems the patient is transferred to the kidney-center. The patient must be well instructued on problems and complications which might occur during hemodialysis, either due to the basic disease or in connexion with hemodialysis. In some cases of complications patients must be admitted to the center without delay. Emergency situations usually can be avoided as technical standard of dialysis equipment and standard of training of patients or their parners is high. Medications, such as phosphate binders (aluminium hydroxide), iron vitamins and allopurinol are provided if necessary. Patients are advised to limit intake of fluids and potassium containing foods. The sodium intake depends on blood pressure-values. In case of hypertension there will be salt restriction, in case of hypotension the salt intake is increased. Chronic intermittent hemodialysis treatment can result in successful rehabilitation. Further improvement concerning personal and medical problems can only be expected from kidney transplantation.
 ...
PMID:[Care of the hemodialysis patients by the family physician]. 84 54

Twenty-six uremic patients - serum urea nitrogen (SUN) 110 MG/100 ml plus or minus 22.8 (mean plus or minus SD), serum cretinine (S-Creat) 13.2 mg/100 ml plus or minus 2.27, ratio SUN/S-Creat 8.6 plus or minus 2.26, and endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) 3.86 plus or minus 1.41 ml/min - were treated for three months or longer with an unselected protein-poor (16-20 g protein/day) diet with oral supply of the essential amino acids including histidine in high doses as coated tablets. The amino acids were instituted after an initial diet only period (mean 0.4 months). The average treatment time was 8.4 months (range 2.7-33.6). An improvement of the general condition was obtained, persisting for several months. SUN and SUN/S-Creat decreased on the diet alone, continued to decrease after one month, and increased slightly again after three months of treatment, but did not reach the initial levels for several months in spite of an almost doubled nitrogen intake. S-Creat increased after six months indicating a further deterioration of the renal function. In patients with initially low serum total protein (smaller than 6.5 g/100 ml, 9 patients), albumin (smaller than 3.5 g/100 ml, 10 patients), and total iron-binding capacity (smaller than 260 mug/100 ml, 11 patients) the values increased after one month on amino acids and were thereafter stable. No signs of bleeding tendency, progressive muscle atrophy, or progressive peripheral neuropathy were observed. - Five patients died due to cardiovascular maladies. A further 13 patients were withdrawn for medical reasons (overhydration, 4 patients; hypertension, 1 patient; nausea and vomiting, 7 patients; and pericarditis, 1 patient). - The renal function improved in one patient. Four patients received home dialysis training, three a kidney transplant. - The results indicate that it is possible to keep severely uremic patients free from uremic symptoms, counteract protein depletion, and even improve the nutritional status during long-term treatment with an unselected protein-poor diet supplementd with essential amino acids.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of chronic uremic patients with protein-poor diet and oral supply of essential amino acids. II. Clinical results of long-term treatment. 114 44

Most of the common breakfast cereals tested were unable to support growth or promote health in young rats that consumed these products as their only food. An anemia, accompanied by fatty liver and large concentrations of iron stored in the liver, was observed with cereals having the lowest protein content. Some cereals produced a marked elevation of systolic blood pressure at certain times. Low cholesterol levels were invariably associated with fatty livers, whereas high cholesterol levels seemed to be associated with hypertension at the 45-day period. When only the ready-to-eat cereals were considered, there was a positive correlation between the dietary zinc/copper ratio and the plasma cholesterol concentration.
 ...
PMID:Growth, hemoglobin, cholesterol, and blood pressure observed in rats fed common breakfast cereals. 126 94

Renal erythropoietin production is dependent on local oxygen content of blood which activates so called "oxygen sensors". Taking into consideration altered local renal blood supply in patients with arterial hypertension in the course of arteritis (HA) and from the other side contribution of the renin-angiotensin system in both pathogenesis of hypertension and regulation of erythropoietin production it seemed plausible to undertake this study. The aim of the study was to determine whether and in what extent patients with HA and healthy subjects differ in EPO secretion and whether EPO serum level is related in this patients to renin response to dietary sodium restriction and upright position of the body. 18 patients with HA and 12 healthy subjects were investigated. In all subjects haematocrit value, haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, sodium, potassium, creatinine, iron, ferritin serum levels, total iron binding capacity, plasma renin activity (PRA), erythropoietin serum level and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured in basic conditions (normal sodium diet). Additionally PRA, EPO and MAP were measured after dietary sodium restriction to 10-20 mmol Na/24 hrs for three days and upright position of the body for three hours. Patients with HA had insignificantly lower serum EPO concentrations than healthy subjects and both studied groups did not differ in haematocrit value and determinants of iron metabolism except of significantly higher ferritin concentration in HA. After dietary sodium restriction and upright position of the body significant rise in PRA and no significant changes in EPO level were found in studied groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[The role of erythropoietin in blood pressure regulation in patients with arteritis]. 130 May 62

Treatment with rHuEpo can eliminate many symptoms that had been attributed to uremia. Repetitive punctures in children undergoing three times weekly subcutaneous (SC) rHuEpo can result in noncompliance with the therapeutic regimen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of once weekly SC injection of rHuEpo in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on CAPD. Six children (5 males, 1 female, mean-age: 6.0 years, range: 0.5 to 15.8 years) with ESRD on CAPD were treated with a regimen of rHuEpo 150 U/Kg/week SC for 12 weeks. All patients received oral iron supplementation. All children had improved appetite and well-being. The adolescents showed an increased ability to engage in regular activities. The hematocrit increased from 20.3 +/- 1.2% to 31.7 +/- 3.8% in 12 weeks. The mean weekly increase in hematocrit was 0.95 +/- 0.34%. There was no significant differences in iron indice prior to and during rHuEPO treatment. Side effects related to rHuEpo included transient pain at the site of injection in all, pruritus at the site of injection in 1 child, hyperphosphatemia in 1 infant, iron relative deficiency in 2 children and an asymptomatic increase in blood pressure in 1 hypertensive child. None of the 5 normotensive patients developed hypertension. We concluded that once weekly 150U/kg SC rHuEpo is effective in correcting anemia in children on CAPD. This regimen results in few side effects, decreases the cost of treatment and produces less distress to the patients by avoiding repetitive injections.
 ...
PMID:Once weekly subcutaneous administration of recombinant erythropoietin in children treated with CAPD. 136 43

We cultured smooth muscle cells from rat renal preglomerular arterioles by injecting a suspension of iron oxide into the left ventricle, separating the arterioles magnetically, and growing cells from explants. In passaged cultures we ascertained vascular smooth muscle purity of > 98% by morphology; contraction to norepinephrine and angiotensin; positive immunofluorescence staining through the sixth passage with monoclonal antibodies to smooth muscle-specific alpha- and gamma-isoactins, myosin, and desmin; and the absence of von Willebrand factor. Angiotensin II (10(-12)-10(-5) M) induced dose-dependent DNA synthesis and proliferation of subcultured (three times) arteriolar smooth muscle cells from a growth-arrested state (p < 0.01). Angiotensin II (10(-5) M) also induced the cells to express c-fos mRNA. We find no previous report of culture of smooth muscle cells from renal preglomerular arterioles. Our findings also provide evidence that angiotensin II is mitogenic to arteriolar muscle cells and thus may be involved in their hyperplasia accompanying hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Culture of renal arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Mitogenic responses to angiotensin II. 139 76

Disease prevention through dietary management is a cost-effective approach to promoting healthy aging. Fats, cholesterol, soluble fiber, and the trace elements copper and chromium affect the morbidity and mortality of CHD. Decreasing sodium and increasing potassium intake improves control of hypertension. Calcium and magnesium may also have a role in controlling hypertension. The antioxidant vitamins A and beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and the trace mineral selenium may protect against types of cancer. A decrease in simple carbohydrates and an increase in soluble dietary fiber may normalize moderately elevated blood glucose levels. Deficiencies of zinc or iron diminish immune function. Adequate levels of calcium and vitamin D can help prevent senile osteoporosis in both older men and women.
 ...
PMID:Preventive nutrition: disease-specific dietary interventions for older adults. 142 12

A study of serum iron and ferritin levels in Indian women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (mild/severe) and eclampsia compared with controls of similar gestational ages, revealed that mean serum iron was elevated slightly in PIH and significantly in eclampsia as compared to controls. Mean ferritin levels were significantly elevated both in PIH and eclampsia as compared to controls indicating that ferritin measurement in PIH and eclampsia would not reflect iron nutritional status. Lack of significant changes in liver enzymes and in hemoconcentration in PIH and eclampsia indicate that liver damage and altered hemodynamics only play a partial role in causing hyperferritinemia. Possible role of placental ferritin, being released as a result of placental damage in these conditions seems to be an area needing further research.
 ...
PMID:Hyperferritinemia in pregnancy induced hypertension and eclampsia. 143 30

Since antiquity, there have been references in medicine to the role of nutrition in pregnancy outcome. Reviewing articles on nutrition and drug supplementation in pregnancy, one is struck by the variety of remedies that have been tried and the variety of effects that have been attributed to them. The number of herbal remedies that have been touted is astounding, and the entire science of Geophagia evolved in the hope identifying of those population-specific customs that may have had a positive effect on birth outcome as an adaptive mechanism. Most recently, there has been renewed interest in the role of nutritional and drug supplementation in pregnancy, specifically in the areas of pregnancy-induced hypertension and teratogenesis. In this article, I briefly review the role of drug supplementation in pregnancy, ranging from established needs such as iron to prevent iron-deficiency anemia to the controversies of low-dose aspirin supplementation for the prevention of preeclampsia and preconceptional folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects.
 ...
PMID:Drug supplementation in pregnancy. 145 Mar 42


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>