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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Prolonged oral administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) for a period of 5 weeks in 8 week old male normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (n = 10), induced hypertension in all animals. Hypertension was characterized by a sharp initial increase in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) until the third day (from 126 +/- 3 mmHg to 160 +/- 6 mmHg and from 95 +/- 3 mmHg to 133 +/- 6 mmHg, respectively). This was followed by a gradual and steady increase until the fourth week (163 +/- 4, 171 +/- 3 and 189 +/- 8 mmHg for SBP in weeks 1, 2 and 4, respectively; and 135 +/- 4, 143 +/- 3 and 157 +/- 5 mmHg for MBP in weeks 1, 2 and 4, respectively). 2. Intravenously L-arginine.HCl (500 mg/kg) administered on the last day of the 5th week abolished the effect of dietary L-NNA on the arterial blood pressure. 3. Dietary L-NNA-induced hypertension in WKY rats is easily obtainable and free of any surgical operation, and can be utilized as a new experimental model to further understand the importance of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor/nitric oxide in blood pressure regulation and to clarify the pathological significance in intact animals where endothelium-dependent relaxing factor/nitric oxide is functionally involved.
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PMID:Dietary NG-nitro-L-arginine induces sustained hypertension in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. 152 64

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of endogenous nitric oxide on resting microvascular tone in the Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rat and to determine how this influence is altered in salt-induced hypertension. Intravital microscopy was used to examine the arteriolar network in the spinotrapezius muscle of DS rats maintained on low (0.45% NaCl) or high (4% NaCl) salt diets for 6-7 weeks. Mean arterial pressure for DS rats on high salt (163 +/- 3 mm Hg) was significantly greater than that for DS rats on low salt (128 +/- 4 mm Hg). Inhibition of microvascular nitric oxide synthesis with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester caused arteriolar constriction in normotensive DS but not in hypertensive DS rats. Application of L-arginine consistently caused arteriolar dilation in normotensive DS but not hypertensive DS rats. In contrast, arteriolar responses to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were similar in both groups. These results indicate that basal release of nitric oxide, presumably from the endothelium, normally influences arteriolar tone in skeletal muscle of DS rats and that this influence is suppressed in established salt-induced hypertension. However, the normal arteriolar response to acetylcholine in hypertensive DS rats suggests that a generalized impairment of endothelial function may not occur in the microcirculation of these animals. Unaltered arteriolar responsiveness to sodium nitroprusside in hypertensive DS rats also suggests that salt-induced hypertension is not accompanied by a change in the responsiveness of arteriolar smooth muscle to nitric oxide.
Hypertension 1992 Mar
PMID:Reduced influence of nitric oxide on arteriolar tone in hypertensive Dahl rats. 154 54

To examine a relation between the production of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived contracting factor and an increase in blood pressure, endothelium-dependent contraction and relaxation were evaluated by measuring the isometric tension of aortic rings from spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats at 5, 10, 20, and 30 weeks of age. In norepinephrine-precontracted rings, acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-5) M)-induced relaxations diminished at the doses of 10(-6) to 10(-5) M in both strains except at 5 weeks of age. Treatment with a thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 antagonist (ONO-3708) prevented this reduction in acetylcholine-induced relaxations in both strains and induced dose-dependent relaxations, which were completely inhibited by treatment with a nitric oxide inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. In aorta treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester without precontraction, acetylcholine induced dose-dependent contractions, which were greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar-Kyoto rats. These acetylcholine-induced contractions, which were observed only in rings with endothelium, were completely inhibited by treatment with ONO-3708 but not with a thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046). There was a statistically significant correlation between the acetylcholine-induced contractions and blood pressure. Release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha by acetylcholine from the aorta was greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In vivo administration of another thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 antagonist (ONO-8809) (10 or 30 micrograms per body per day) for 3 weeks (5-8 weeks of age) did not affect blood pressure in either rat strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1992 Apr
PMID:Correlation with blood pressure of the acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived contracting factor in the rat aorta. 155 64

The endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) or a closely related nitrosothiol derivative. It is formed from the amino acid, L-arginine. NO is rapidly inactivated locally and is instantly destroyed by haemoglobin when released into the blood stream. EDRF-NO as well as NO generated from vasodilator nitrates act by activation of soluble guanylate cyclase, elevating cellular cyclic GMP levels, causing vasodilatation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is attenuated in hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes. This is due to either loss of endothelium or deficient formation of EDRF-NO. In these conditions, therapy with exogenous nitrates may substitute for a failing endogenous mechanism.
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PMID:Endogenous and exogenous nitrates. 155 42

This study characterizes the effects of L-arginine and NG-monomethyl L-arginine on dilator responsiveness of vascular tissue from Wistar-Kyoto rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rings of abdominal aorta were suspended in tissue baths for measurement of isometric force. After contraction induced by phenylephrine, cumulative addition of acetylcholine, L-arginine, or A23187 to the muscle bath caused a similar relaxation of aortic rings in both animal groups. To test the hypothesis that arginine metabolism is altered in hypertension, aortic rings were incubated with NG-monomethyl L-arginine. NG-monomethyl L-arginine (10-300 microM) did not affect contractile responses to phenylephrine (10(-10) to 10(-4) M) in either animal group (EC50, 10(-7) M). Exposure of aortic rings to NG-monomethyl L-arginine resulted in a greater inhibition of relaxation response to acetylcholine (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) in hypertensive animals. NG-monomethyl L-arginine (300 microM) caused complete inhibition of relaxation to acetylcholine in the hypertension group. Incubation with L-arginine (10-100 microM) overcame the inhibition of acetylcholine-induced relaxation produced by NG-monomethyl L-arginine in both groups. Exposure of aortic ring segments to NG-monomethyl L-arginine attenuated relaxation responses to A23187 (10(-10) to 3 x 10(-6) M) in both groups. L-Arginine-induced reversal of the inhibitory effect of NG-monomethyl L-arginine on the relaxation responses to A23187 was similar between groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1992 May
PMID:Endothelium-dependent relaxation and L-arginine metabolism in genetic hypertension. 156 61

Acetylcholine evokes the simultaneous release of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors in aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Only relaxing factors are released in aortas from normotensive controls. Experiments were designed to determine whether inhibitors of endothelium-dependent relaxations modify endothelium-dependent contractions. Rings of thoracic aortas of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats, with and without endothelium, were suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. Oxyhemoglobin (a scavenger of endothelium-derived relaxing factor) and NG-monomethyl L-arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide formation) augmented the contractions to acetylcholine. Methylene blue (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase) and superoxide dismutase (a scavenger of superoxide anions) did not modify these contractions. The contractions in the presence of oxyhemoglobin or NG-monomethyl L-arginine, like those in untreated rings, were endothelium-dependent; they only occurred in aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats and were abolished by indomethacin. The contractions to acetylcholine in the presence of oxyhemoglobin were not affected by superoxide dismutase or deferoxamine. These data suggest that endothelium-derived relaxing factor inhibits endothelium-dependent contractions to acetylcholine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat aorta, probably by chemical inactivation of the endothelium-derived contracting factor rather than by stimulation of guanylate cyclase or scavenging of oxygen-derived free radicals.
Hypertension 1992 May
PMID:Nitric oxide inactivates endothelium-derived contracting factor in the rat aorta. 156 62

The effects of blocking endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on 24-h blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were examined in six conscious freely moving foxhounds. The hypothesis tested was that shear stress-dependent EDRF release acts as a physiological blood pressure buffer. Telemetry recordings were obtained before and after the administration of the false substrate for EDRF synthesis NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 16.5 +/- 2 mg/kg body wt iv). In response to L-NNA, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased from 116 +/- 5 to 134 +/- 5 mmHg (P less than 0.01) and HR decreased from 97 +/- 6 to 68 +/- 3 beats/min over the entire 24-h period (P less than 0.01). The overall variability of MAP (as indicated by SD of frequency distribution) increased modestly from 9.5 +/- 0.4 to 11.7 +/- 1.1 mmHg (P less than 0.05). A sequential spectral analysis of blood pressure showed a 2.1-fold increase of power in the frequency range of 0.01-0.5 Hz (P less than 0.05) after L-NNA was given. In conclusion, blockade of EDRF led to a sustained hypertension throughout the whole 24-h recordings. Furthermore, EDRF acted as a physiological blood pressure buffer in the frequency range below 0.5 Hz.
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PMID:Phasic and 24-h blood pressure control by endothelium-derived relaxing factor in conscious dogs. 159 Apr 43

Renal medullary interstitial infusion of NG-nitro-L-arginine (120 micrograms/hr, n = 7) decreased papillary blood flow to 71 +/- 5% of control without altering outer cortical flow. Before NG-nitro-L-arginine infusion, interstitial acetylcholine administration (200 micrograms/hr) increased cortical and papillary blood flow to 134 +/- 6% and 113 +/- 2% of control, respectively. After NG-nitro-L-arginine administration, the vasodilator response to acetylcholine was abolished. In clearance experiments, renal medullary infusion of NG-nitro-L-arginine (120 micrograms/hr, n = 7) significantly decreased total renal blood flow by 10%, renal interstitial fluid pressure by 23%, sodium excretion by 34%, and urine flow by 39% without altering glomerular filtration rate, fractional sodium and water excretion, blood pressure, or urine osmolality. These data indicate that selective inhibition of nitric oxide in the renal medullary vasculature reduces papillary blood flow, which is associated with decreased sodium and water excretion. We conclude that nitric oxide exerts a tonic influence on the renal medullary circulation.
Hypertension 1992 Jun
PMID:Role of nitric oxide in renal papillary blood flow and sodium excretion. 159 78

Blockade of nitric oxide reduces renal blood flow, but the site or sites at which nitric oxide alters renal vascular resistance are unknown. The effects of N omega-nitro-L-arginine (100 microM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, on the pressure-diameter relation of renal arterioles was studied using a rat juxtamedullary microvascular preparation perfused in vitro with a physiological salt solution containing 5% albumin. The basal diameters of the main arcuate and interlobular arteries and the proximal and distal afferent arterioles averaged 438 +/- 26, 64 +/- 4, 30 +/- 1, and 20 +/- 1 microns, respectively, at a perfusion pressure of 80 mm Hg. The diameters of the arcuate and interlobular arteries increased by 14 +/- 2% and 7 +/- 2%, whereas the proximal and distal afferent arterioles decreased by 3 +/- 1% and 7 +/- 2% when perfusion pressure was elevated to 160 mm Hg. Nitro-arginine had no effect on the basal diameters of arcuate and interlobular arteries. Nitro-arginine reduced the diameters of afferent arterioles by 7 +/- 2% at all perfusion pressures studied. Nitro-arginine increased active vascular tone in the interlobular artery and afferent arterioles and enhanced autoregulation of glomerular capillary pressure. L-Arginine (1 mM), the precursor to nitric oxide production, reversed the effects of nitro-arginine. These findings suggest that nitric oxide modulates vascular tone of the interlobular artery and afferent arterioles of deep nephrons and influences the ability of the preglomerular vasculature to autoregulate glomerular capillary pressure.
Hypertension 1992 Jun
PMID:Nitric oxide modulates vascular tone in preglomerular arterioles. 159 79

The objective of the present study was to determine the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in mediating the renal response to extracellular volume expansion with isotonic saline (5% body weight). In anesthetized dogs (n = 7) and before volume expansion, nitric oxide synthesis was inhibited in the right kidney by continuous intrarenal infusion of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (1 microgram/kg/min). Arterial pressure and renal hemodynamics of both kidneys did not change significantly either during nitric oxide synthesis inhibition or during 5% volume expansion. However, in response to extracellular volume expansion, increases in natriuresis, diuresis, and fractional excretion of lithium (an index of proximal sodium reabsorption) were inhibited in the right kidney by 27%, 28%, and 41%, respectively, when compared with the contralateral kidney. Increases of renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure during 5% volume expansion were not statistically different between both kidneys. In another group of dogs (n = 4), the administration of L-arginine (0.5 mg/kg/min) into the right renal artery prevented the renal effects induced by the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor during volume expansion. The findings in this study suggest that nitric oxide production plays an important role in regulating the renal response to extracellular volume expansion. The proximal tubule seems to be involved in the reduced renal excretory response to volume expansion during nitric oxide synthesis inhibition.
Hypertension 1992 Jun
PMID:Role of nitric oxide in mediating renal response to volume expansion. 159 80


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