Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The duration of nephropathy, the onset of arterial hypertension (AH), a family history of AH, uric syndrome, intravenous urographic evidence, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined from endogenous creatinine, the cellular membranes studied in erythrocytes by ureal hemolysis, and blood levels of thiol and disulfide groups by back amperometric titration, red blood cell activity of glutathione reductase and glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were evaluated in 108 patients with essential hypertension (EH), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis who had elevated and normal blood pressures and 18 healthy subjects. All the patients underwent closed renal puncture biopsy. There were structural alterations in the red blood cell membranes as evidenced by examinations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, thiol and disulfide groups in erythrocyte protein and low-weight molecular fractions in healthy subjects with a family history of AH, patients with EH, with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. The abnormal uric syndrome was detected in patients with EH. Patients with AH displayed glomerular hyperfiltration and higher glomerular dimensions. Renal biopsy revealed adrenal interstitial sclerosis in patients with AH.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension in glomerulonephritis]. 179 79

In seven rabbits subjected to suprarenal aortic coarctation hypertension, the segments above and below the coarctation were tested for the antioxidant defences (i.e. acid-soluble thiol compounds, selenium-dependent and selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Seven sham-operated rabbits served as controls. Systolic blood pressure proximal to the ligature increased significantly with respect to pre-operative values after 16 days (117 +/- 8.3 vs 71.7 +/- 5.2 mmHg, P less than 0.05), while pressure distal to the ligature remained normotensive. Higher values of acid-soluble thiol compounds, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and increased activities of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase were assayed in the suprarenal with respect to the subrenal segment in both groups. However, the values of the upper segments were more elevated in the experimental group than in controls, but no differences were observed in the lower segments. Glutathione peroxidase activity assayed with cumene hydroperoxide was higher than the activity assayed with hydrogen peroxide in the hypertensive segments, but no differences were detected in the substenotic and control segments. Furthermore, an isoenzymatic form of glutathione transferase, analogous to rat 8-8 glutathione transferase isoenzyme, was detected by immunodiffusion in the hypertensive aorta. The following conclusions may be drawn: (1) a biochemical gradient in glutathione-related enzymes, acid-soluble thiol compounds and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances between the proximal and distal aorta seems to exist in control rabbits; (2) suprarenal aortic coarctation induces a significant increase in glutathione-related antioxidant defences and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances of the hypertensive aortic wall.
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PMID:Aortic glutathione-related antioxidant defences in rabbits subjected to suprarenal aortic coarctation hypertension. 194 85

Oxygen-free radical intermediates/scavengers were measured in 43 patients with essential hypertension who, although under antihypertensive therapy (without angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), still had high blood pressure values. Measurements were taken before and 30, 60 and 120 min after sublingual administration of 25 mg captopril. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced significantly. Twenty normotensive healthy volunteers were used as controls. The hypertensive patients had lower glutathione peroxide activity (GSHPx), higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum glutathione reductase activity (GSHRx) compared with the controls. After captopril (30, 60 min) the glutathione and GSHPx increased compared with the pretreatment values. SOD and GSHRx remained high compared with the controls, while whole blood glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase remained low. Another group of 19 essential hypertensive patients, free of any antihypertensive medication (for at least 3 weeks), had lower GSHPx, SOD and higher GSHRx than the normal control group. Our results show significant differences in the oxygen free radical scavenger system of hypertensives compared with the normal subjects. It may be that captopril has a concomitant scavenging action together with its antihypertensive effect. Our study raises the question whether cell/organ damage will occur in hypertensive patients exposed to oxidative stress during periods of low antioxidative capacity.
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PMID:Oxygen free radical scavenger system intermediates in essential hypertensive patients before and immediately after sublingual captopril administration. 222 59

The role of brain glutathione metabolism in hypertensive animals was studied. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from prehypertension to established hypertension, the content of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the ratio of GSSG to GSH in the hypothalamus were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than those in age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Hypothalamic glutathione reductase (GR) activities in prehypertensive and established hypertensive SHR were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than those in WKY. DOCA-salt hypertensive rats (DSR) also had a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher content of GSSG and GSSG/GSH ratio and a significantly (p less than 0.05) lower GR activity in the hypothalamus than the normotensive control. There were no significant differences in these values in the brain stem between hypertensive and normotensive rats. These results suggest that the increased GSSG/GSH ratio due to reduced activity of GR in the hypothalamus may have an important role in the development of hypertension in SHR and DSR.
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PMID:The role of hypothalamic glutathione in hypertensive animals. 324 1

This study was designed to define the common nutritional problems of women attending family planning clinics and to show whether such problems are related to contraceptive method or to demographic variables which affect food choice. 219 women were assessed of whom 83.2% were white, 13.3% black, and 3.5% of other racial groups. Other characteristics were: 48.4% never married, 20% married, 38.3% finished high school, 23.5% finished 11th grade or less, 1.4% went to graduate school, 38.8% were employed full time, 24.7% were unemployed, 14.6% were homemakers, 11.4% were students, 51.5% had no children, 21.9% had had 1 live birth, 12.8% had had 2, 49.3% used no contraception at time of entry into the nutrition program, 24.4% used oral contraceptives (OCs), 5.4% used IUDs. The following are some results: 1) there was a more varied diet among older women, those with higher education, and those with higher income; 2) 29.5% were obese; 3) obese women were less well educated and had lower incomes; 4) hypertension was found in 14 women; 5) 14 women had hemoglobin values below 12 g/1000 ml, 8 had hematocrit values of less than 38%, 6) 75% were low or deficient in plasma folacin values, 7) erythrocyte folacin values were low in 57.5%; erythrocyte glutathione reductase assays for riboflavin status showed 11 women in the deficient range and plasma carotene values were deficient in 2, low in 9; 8) women taking OCs had lower erythrocyte folacin levels but higher plasma retinol levels; and 9) the more children a woman was raising the poorer was her riboflavin status. Simple screening measures for blood folacin values and skinfold thickness could be utilized to define women at nutritional risk in family planning clinics. It was concluded that nutritional problems in women taking OCs tend to reflect or exaggerate the nutritonal problems of the community. Integration of family planning clinics with nutrition support services should be established by an ongoing referral system.
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PMID:Nutritional status of women attending family planning clinics. 714 9

Hypertension, cigarette smoking, and nicotine augment the clinical significance of other risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases by mechanisms which are poorly understood. Since altered trace element metabolism and antioxidant status have also been implicated in these diseases, the present study investigated the interaction of nicotine treatment and hypertension on tissue trace element concentrations and select indices of antioxidant status. Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with nicotine, via a time release tablet at an average rate of 75 micrograms/h for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure in nicotine-treated SHRs was significantly higher at weeks 3 and 6 of treatment than in the SHR-controls. Blood pressure in WKY rats was not affected by nicotine. Plasma and liver iron concentrations in the nicotine-treated SHR were higher than the SHR-controls and the WKY groups. Nicotine treatment did not affect plasma and liver zinc and copper concentrations or liver manganese (Mn) concentrations. Plasma ceruloplasmin activity was increased by nicotine treatment in the SHRs. Liver Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activities and glutathione concentrations, and liver and heart glutathione reductase activities, were higher in both groups of SHRs than in the WKY groups. Red cell SOD activity in the nicotine-treated SHR was lower than in the SHR-controls. In summary, blood pressure increased more rapidly in the nicotine-treated SHRs compared to the controls. The marked effects on antioxidant status observed were attributable more to hypertension than to the nicotine treatment.
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PMID:Comparative effects of 6-week nicotine treatment on blood pressure and components of the antioxidant system in male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. 774 May 54

A state of the anti-oxidation system in blood and the rate of lipid peroxidation were studied in patients with hypertension. High sensitivity of the anti-oxidation system enzymes to alterations in the diet fat composition was detected in the patients, nutrition of whom was evaluated in detail. Excessive doses of alpha-tocopherol, added to the diet enriched with omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids normalized lipid peroxidation and stabilized the enzyme activity involved in the anti-oxidation system. The integral parameter, proposed for evaluation of the anti-oxidation protection state and designated as "anti-oxidation index" involved estimation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase activities as well as of content of malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates in erythrocytes.
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PMID:[The antioxidant defense system in hypertension patients on a diet enriched with omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and alpha-tocopherol]. 807 43

Heart and red blood cell endogenous antioxidant status and plasma lipids were investigated in hypertensive, 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a standard commercial rat chow. Specific heart and red blood cell antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as the susceptibility of tissues to H2O2-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation, were measured. Systolic blood pressure in SHR was greater than in WKY rats at 13 weeks of age (197 +/- 12 vs. 132 +/- 14 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa); p < or = 0.05), confirming the presence of hypertension in SHR. Red blood cell catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were greater (p < or = 0.05) in SHR than WKY rats. Red blood cell CAT activity was positively correlated (r = +0.634; p = 0.026) with SOD, which in turn was correlated (r = +0.709; p = 0.049) with systolic blood pressure. Heart SOD activity was higher (p < or = 0.05) in SHR, while glutathione reductase (GSSG-Red) activity was lower (p < or = 0.05) than in WKY rats. This reduced ability to recycle GSH in the heart coincided with greater (p < or = 0.05) levels of H2O2-induced lipid oxidation products in SHR. Plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were lower (p < or = 0.05) in SHR than WKY rats, with no visible signs of atherosclerosis in either SHR or WKY rats. In summary, hypertension in SHR was associated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme profiles of red blood cells and heart, with the latter showing an increased susceptibility to in vitro lipid oxidation. Although hypertension is a recognized factor in the development of human atherosclerosis, spontaneously hypertensive rats did not exhibit signs of aortic plaque, reflecting the resistance of this species to the development of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Heart and red blood cell antioxidant status and plasma lipid levels in the spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat. 877 9

Free-radical oxidation was studied in 40 patients with hypertension stage II. The oxidation was found activated as blood and red cell levels of dien, trien conjugates, malon dialdehyde increased. The antioxidant protection was depressed: catalase, glutathione reductase activity reduced as did alpha-tocopherol deposits. This led to a growth of cerebral BB-creatine phosphatase and, consequently, to impairment of cerebral membranes.
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PMID:[Free-radical oxidation in patients with stage-II hypertension]. 882 47

Plasma and lipoprotein lipid composition and endogenous hepatic antioxidant status were investigated in hypertensive, 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a standard commercial rat chow. Total plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations were similar between both rat strains; however, systolic blood pressure in SHR was greater than in WKY at 13 weeks of age (197 +/- 12 vs. 132 +/- 14 mmHg; p < or = 0.05), confirming hypertension in SHR. Total plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were lower (p < or = 0.05) in SHR compared with WKY. A lower (p < 0.05) HDL cholesterol level in SHR plasma resulted in a higher LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio compared with WKY counterparts. No significant differences in the relative proportion of HDL apolipoprotein A-I fraction were observed between SHR and WKY. Both SHR VLDL and HDL triacylglycerol fractions were lower (p < 0.05) in SHR than WKY. Analysis of liver antioxidant enzyme activities showed no differences in rat liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), but lower (p < 0.05) liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in SHR. However, liver glutathione (GSH) levels were similar in SHR and WKY counterparts. A possible compensatory effect to the oxidative status of SHR was suggested by the significant (p < 0.05) increase in both liver catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Red) activities. Despite these results, in vitro oxidative challenge studies with H2O2 demonstrated a greater susceptibility of liver to GSH depletion in the SHR, although no parallel change in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production was observed. The comparatively lower plasma cholesterol observed in hypertensive SHR paralleled specific differences in liver catalase and glutathione redox antioxidant enzyme activities.
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PMID:Plasma and lipoprotein lipid composition and hepatic antioxidant status in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats. 963 61


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