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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cholesterol:phospholipid ratio (C/PL) was measured in platelet plasma membrane in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension [with proteinuria (PE), and without proteinuria (PIH)] and in matched normotensive gestational controls (NT). The C/PL was raised in the platelet membrane from PE (1.52 +/- 0.50, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.90) and PIH (1.38 +/- 0.34, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.67) compared with that from NT controls (0.88 +/- 0.13, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.95) (p less than 0.01, ANOVA test). No correlation was found when C/PL was regressed against total serum cholesterol levels. The abnormality of lipid composition of the platelet plasma membrane could account for some of the changes in platelet function that have been described in PIH.
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PMID:Abnormal platelet lipid membrane composition in pregnancy induced hypertension. 150 Oct 54

The activity of Na-Li countertransport (CT), a marker of the risk of essential hypertension, was determined in 55 primigravid women during pregnancy, together with urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2) as a marker of thromboxane A2 synthesis. The mean Na-Li CT (mean +/- SEM) value was increased significantly at 20 weeks gestation and thereafter, and reached higher levels in late pregnancy than in non-pregnant controls (0.31 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.01mmol per hr per liter RBC, p less than 0.05). Fifty five primigravid women could be divided into two groups, depending upon Na-Li CT activity either higher or lower than the value of 0.25mmol per hr per liter RBC at any time in the pregnancy up to term. At 20 weeks gestation all but one of 13 women in the lower-activity group had Na-Li CT activity less than 0.20 mmol per hr per liter RBC, and none developed PIH, whereas out of 42 women in the higher-activity group, all but one had Na-Li CT activity more than this value, and 8 developed PIH. Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 increased as pregnancy progressed, maximum levels being attained in women at term, about 3 times higher than in controls (4.19 +/- 0.35 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.10 ng per mg creatinine, p less than 0.05). Although the formation of thromboxane A2 was reported to be higher in pregnancy complicated by hypertension, no significant difference existed in the levels of 11-dehydro-TXB2 between women with PIH and women with uncomplicated pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Increased red-cell sodium-lithium countertransport activity and urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 during pregnancy]. 154 69

Severe pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH, pre eclampsia) is a disease which is now treated in the intensive care unit rather than with sedation in a dark room. The pathophysiology is now well understood and allows for better and more effective management. This paper looks at the strict haemodynamic monitoring and management required to prevent complications such as eclampsia, DIC, HELLP syndrome, maternal and foetal death. The nurse's role in the management of severe PIH is discussed.
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PMID:The intensive care management of severe pregnancy induced hypertension. 159 5

The criteria for pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH: hypertensive type of toxemia) have been determined by the Japanese Obstetrics and Gynecology Society. Mild PIH is classified into two types. One is "Absolute PIH (A-PIH)" diagnosed by (1) systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and less than 160 mmHg or (2) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mmHg and less than 110 mmHg. The other one is "relative-PIH (R-PIH)" diagnosed by (3) an increase in SBP greater than or equal to 30 mmHg compared to the usual SBP or (4) an increase in DBP greater than or equal to 15 mmHg compared to the usual DBP (In this paper, blood pressure prior to the 12th gestational week is considered as "usual" blood pressure). However, there has been no report in which two types of PIH are assessed. Our hypothesis is that the pathophysiology of the two types of PIH is different. We have already reported the clinical background of two types of PIH. The purpose of this study is to clarify the pathophysiological difference by evaluating the blood pressure change during pregnancy. We evaluated 963 nullipara and 747 multipara whose pregnancies were recorded from the 1st trimester (multiple pregnancy and pre-term delivery before the 32nd gestational week were excluded). Among the nullipara, 765 women (79.4%) were diagnosed as having normal blood pressure (N-group), 7.1% as A-PIH, and 13.0% as R-PIH. Among the multipara, the N-group consisted of 632 women (84.6%), the A-PIH: 4.6% and R-PIH: 10.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Changes in blood pressure in two types (absolute and relative) of pregnancy induced hypertension (hypertensive type of toxemia)]. 160 50

The criteria for pregnancy induced hypertension ("PIH" which is a hypertensive type of toxemia) have been determined by the Japanese Obstetrics and Gynecology Society. Mild PIH is classified into two types. One is "Absolute PIH (A-PIH)" diagnosed by (1) systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and less than 160 mmHg or (2) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mmHg and less than 110 mmHg. The other one is "relative-PIH (R-PIH)" diagnosed by (3) an increase in SBP greater than or equal to 30 mmHg compared to usual SBP or (4) an increase in DBP greater than or equal to 15 mmHg compared to usual DBP (In this paper, blood pressure prior to the 12th gestational week is considered as "usual" blood pressure). We have already investigated the pathophysiological difference through the background and the change in blood pressure throughout pregnancy and puerperium in these two types of PIH. The purpose of this study is to clarify the pathophysiological difference by evaluating the influence of hypertension on fetal growth. We evaluated 963 nullipara and 747 multipara whose pregnancies were recorded from the 1st trimester (multiple pregnancy and pre-term delivery before the 32nd gestational week were excluded). Among nullipara, 765 women (79.4%) were diagnosed as having normal blood pressure (N-group), 7.1% as A-PIH, and 13.0% as R-PIH. Among multipara, the N-group consisted of 632 women (84.6%), A-PIH: 4.6% and R-PIH: 10.3%. There is no difference among the three groups in gestational days but the body weight, the chest circumference, and the abdominal girth at birth of A-PIH show a significant difference from those of the R-PIH and N-groups in both nullipara and multipara.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fetal growth in two types (absolute and relative) of pregnancy induced hypertension (hypertensive type of toxemia)]. 160 51

Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a disorder of unknown etiology unique to pregnant women. Classic clinical manifestations include hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Early recognition and proper management of this disease may serve to avoid serious maternal complications. Ultimate maternal treatment depends on delivery of the fetus and placenta. Advanced stages of this disease result in multi-organ system dysfunction that may be life-threatening to the mother and her fetus. Such maternal complications of PIH include severe hypertension, oliguria or anuria, HELLP syndrome, eclamptic seizures, liver rupture, pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, and abruptio placentae. A multidisciplinary approach of the critical care team often will effect a reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. 174 3

It has been suggested that pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH--pre-eclampsia or toxaemia of pregnancy) may cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the offspring. To establish the validity of this concept a clinical survey of the prevalence of congenital hearing loss in relation to PIH in the South East Kent Health District in the United Kingdom over a period of 4 years was undertaken. Description of the temporal bones in a case of PIH is presented. The total number of live births in this period was 12,927, out of which 512 mothers (3.9%) were diagnosed as having PIH. To date 17 cases of bilateral SNHL have been diagnosed in this period (excluding known syndromes, conductive hearing loss and unilateral SNHL). One of the mothers of these children had PIH. It is possible that otologists, in the absence of any obvious cause, have attributed the cause of bilateral SNHL to PIH. Histopathological findings in temporal bones from a 29-week fetus, whose cause of death was severe maternal hypertension, showed massive haemorrhages in the inner ear and middle ear and internal auditory meatus, a frequent finding in temporal bones obtained at autopsy from fetuses and neonates who were born prematurely. This study suggests that PIH per se is unlikely to cause SNHL in the newborn.
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PMID:Pregnancy-induced hypertension and congenital hearing loss. 191 37

The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the effect of postural change in late pregnant women from the left lateral recumbent position to the supine position on their blood circulation. Patients in whom the blood pressure at the right upper limb in the supine position increased by at least 20mmHg or more (diastolic and/or systolic pressure) were classified as the supine hypertensive group. Patients in whom the blood pressure of the right upper limb decreased by at least 20mmHg or more were classified as the supine hypotensive group. And other patients were classified as the no blood pressure change group. The results were as follows. 1. The incidence of supine hypertension was 48% in primigravidas and 38% in multigravidas. Supine hypertension was especially common in PIH (pregnancy induced hypertension) complicated women (75%). 2. Maternal cardiac function: With postural change from the left lateral recumbent position to the supine position, CO (cardiac output) decreased and SVR (systemic vascular resistance) was increased in both the supine hypertensive and the no blood pressure change groups by the thermodilution method (n = 14). CVP (central venous pressure) and PCWP (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) shows different pattern of change in the supine hypertensive group and the no blood pressure change group. In the former group, CVP was decreased by 45 +/- 16% and PCWP was increased by 21 +/- 9% in the supine position compared with in the left lateral recumbent position. However, in the latter group, CVP decreased by 87 +/- 69% and PCWP decreased by 53 +/- 46% as the result of the same postural change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of maternal postural change on maternal hemodynamics in late pregnancy--supine hypertension]. 194 May 46

The concentrations of endothelin (ET) in maternal vein (MV), umbilical vein (UV) and artery (UA) of normal pregnancy (N) and severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (sPIH) were measured to investigate the significance of ET in the maternal and feto-placental circulation of normal pregnancy and PIH. 1) The concentrations of ET (pg/ml blood: mean +/- S.E.M.) in MV of a normal non-pregnant group, 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of N were 1.00 +/- 0.19 (n = 2), 0.55 +/- 0.16 (n = 4), 0.45 +/- 0.14 (n = 4) and 0.89 +/- 0.09 (n = 10), respectively. The concentration of ET in MV of 3rd trimester of sPIH was 2.76 +/- 1.21 (n = 7), and significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than in MV of 3rd trimester of N. 2) The concentrations of ET in UV and UA of N and UV of sPIH were 1.53 +/- 0.05, 1.29 +/- 0.06, 2.12 +/- 0.46, respectively. The concentrations of ET in UV and UA of N were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than in MV of N. 3) The concentrations of ET in MV of N and sPIH correlated significantly (p less than 0.05) with diastolic blood pressure of N (r = 0.53). It was concluded that the synthesis of ET during pregnancy was suppressed until the 2nd trimester, and that the increased ET in MV of sPIH might be one of the factors that caused the pathogenesis of PIH. And the high concentration of ET in UV and UA was supposed to operate play a role in feto-placental circulation.
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PMID:[The concentration of endothelin in maternal vein, umbilical vein and artery of normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension]. 201 4

During pregnancy there is an elevation of factor VIII. In hypertensive pregnancy this increase may be smaller. On the other hand factor VIII associated antigen-factor VIII-ratio is said to be increased in these women compared with normotensive ones. There is a discussions about using these change for early detection of PIH. Estimations of factor VIII have been made chemically. Estimations of factor VIII associated antigen have been carried out immunologically. Factor VIII associated antigen-factor VIII-ratio was higher in pregnant women with hypertension than in normotensive ones.
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PMID:[Factor VIII-associated antigen/factor VIII ratio in pregnant patients with and without hypertension]. 211 22


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