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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PA) in response to dietary sodium restriction and upright posture were evaluated in 7 patients with juvenile-type, insulin-dependent, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus and in 5 healthy volunteers. All patients had normal blood pressure, 24-hour urine protein excretion and endogenous creatinine clearance. Renal sodium conservation and concentrating ability were grossly normal and 5 patients so tested, had normal renal acidification. PRA and PA were normal in every subject suggesting that abnormalities of the renin-aldosterone axis are late complications of diabetes mellitus usually associated with hypertension and nephropathy or neuropathy.
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PMID:Renin-aldosterone responsiveness in uncomplicated juvenile-type diabetes mellitus. 64 May 77

Epidemiological investigations show that morbidity rate and severity of coronary sclerosis seem to decrease in regular physical activity. The influence of regular physical activity on coronary factors of risk, such as hypertension, fat parameters, glucose tolerance, and uric acid is summarized with the help of literary data. An essential intermediary role seems to belong to the height of the insulin levels in the metabolic factors of risk. The result of own investigations was that by training basic and stimulated insulin secretion clearly diminish. Apart from this, during physical load particularly an increased rate of lipolysis is reduced during physical load. Together with a decrease of lipogenesis the two factors might play an essential role in the prevention of coronary sclerosis by regular physical activity.
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PMID:[Physical activity in the prevention of arteriosclerosis]. 70 1

Hypertension and hyperpotassemia that were accompanied by normal plasma aldosterone and low renin levels and were responsive to chlorothiazide administration were found in a 29-year-old patient and two decades later in his 21-year-old son. Their renal function is normal, including response to sodium sulfate, mannitol, and aldosterone infusions. Adrenal insufficiency was excluded. The renin-aldosterone system was proved intact by physiological and pharmacologic stress and angiotensin-II infusion. Also normal were values for blood counts, blood volumes, and erythrocyte and exchangeable body potassium. The postulation of a defective cell membrane impeding potassium influx is supported by the failure of glucose and insulin infusions to substantially reduce hyperpotassemia. In the context of a hereditary disorder (the pedigree, compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance, includes five affected in two generations), hypertension is a second phenotypic character of a single defective pleiotropic gene although its pathogenesis remains unclear.
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PMID:Familial hyperpotassemia and hypertension accompanied by normal plasma aldosterone levels: possible hereditary cell membrane defect. 71 48

Further investigation of a family with normaldosteronemic hyperpotassemia and low-renin hypertension showed seven members from three generations, who ranged in age from 4 to 56 years, to be affected. Results of earlier studies had established a normally functioning renin-aldosterone system and normal renal handling of potassium. Constant, albeit mild and asymptomatic, metabolic acidosis in all those affected prompted bicarbonate loading in both the propositus and his brother, which revealed a maximal renal tubular excretory capacity for bicarbonate reabsorption at serum levels of 18 mmole/liter and proved proximal renal tubular acidosis (PRTA). Further, a linear increase in urinary fractional potassium excretion accompanied that of bicarbonate in both, as in normal individuals. Dextrose-insulin infusion in the brother failed to reduce hyperpotassemia. These data support the hypothesis that a generalized cell membrane defect that specifically impedes potassium influx (as opposed to an isolated renal tubular defect) underlies this autosomal dominant disorder.
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PMID:Proximal renal tubular acidosis: association with familial normaldosteronemic hyperpotassemia and hypertension. 71 49

Separate ultrafiltration followed by haemodialysis (U.F.-H.D.) using Gambro Major or Cordis-Dow hollow-fiber dialyzers were evaluated in 10 dialysis patients over a mean period of 4 1/2 months and 455 U.F.-H.D. procedures. Fluid control was facilitated in oedematous patients but the number of hypotensive episodes during the combined procedure requiring intravenous 5% saline did not significantly decrease. No significant improvement in hypertension was noted. Ultrafiltration (U.F.) alone for acutely water overloaded, azotaemic patients proved very useful. Two to five liters of oedema fluid could be removed asymptomatically in one to three hours using transmembrane pressures of 250 to 500 mmHg and U.F. rates of 10 to 42 ml/min. Two patients became acutely and symptomatically hypotensive. One was an insulin dependent diabetic in whom 3800 ml were removed in 75 minutes and the other a hypertensive patient undergoing treatment with Minoxidil and propranolol.
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PMID:Ultrafiltration followed by haemodialysis. A longterm trial and acute studies. 72 89

Limited weight loss following jejunoileal bypass in 24 diabetic persons who were still distinctly overweight five to ten months after a mean weight decrease of 78 lbs. was accompanied by a return of normal fasting glucose and insulin levels, normal insulin responses, and a decrease in glucose intolerance. The glucose disappearance rate had improved in the majority of the subjects, but only three had attained values in the normal range. Concomitants of the undue hyperglycemia and/or obesity included labile and, rarely, sustained hypertension and/or cardiomegaly. The blood pressure returned to normal but heart size did not change. Electrocardiographic abnormalities noted in about one-half of the patients persisted after the operation. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased. No patients had diabetic retinopathy visible on funduscopy. Proteinuria did not change in three patients. Neuropathy consisting of absent ankle reflexes and/or decreased vibration perception noted in one-half of the subjects persisted despite the improvement in carbohydrate metabolism.
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PMID:Remissions of diabetes mellitus after weight reduction by jejunoileal bypass. 72 40

A 40-year-old patient with a ten-year history of acromegaly had persistent disease despite prior treatment with conventional pituitary radiotherapy and two transsphenoidal hypophysectomies. Initial evaluation showed characteristic acromegalic features, hypertension, amenorrhea, inappropriate diaphoresis, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus despite isophane insulin suspension daily. Growth-hormone levels were high and did not suppress with glucose load. Treatment with bromocriptine was associated with prompt improvement in glucose intolerance, with elimination of insulin requirement within 72 hours of institutions of this therapy. Blood pressure normalized; inappropriate diaphoresis disappeared. Within three months ovulatory menses were noted to resume for the first time in ten years. There was progressive improvement in the soft-tissue changes of acromegaly. The growth-hormone levels fell within three hours after the first dose of bromocryptine and remained suppressed throughout her six-month course of therapy.
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PMID:Complete remission of acromegaly with medical treatment. 76 12

A study of 60 nulliparae, aged 16-26, who used Exlutona, a minipill, for 8-14 months is presented. Serum insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and total lipid levels were monitored before and after use. A conspicuous decrease in the triglyceride level and a significant decrease in the total lipid level were observed, although all values remained within normal bounds during use of Exlutona. Since Exlutona does not affect the metabolism of carbohydrates or fats significantly, it can be recommended to young girls or women suffering from diabetes, hypertension, or obesity.
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PMID:[Effects of lowly dosed gestagen pill Exlutona on carbohydrate and fat metabolism (author's transl)]. 78 44

Diazoxide was given orally to nine hypertensive patients with renal failure and its effect on blood pressure and on glucose metabolism was studied. There was no long-term antihypertensive effect. During treatment insulin release and glucose assimilation after an intravenous glucose load were frankly impaired, but this impairment was reversible after stopping the treatment. Two major complications (diabetic ketoacidosis and pancreatitis) were observed. In view of these observations, the authors are of the opinion that oral diazoxide is contraindicated in the treatment of hypertension in patients with renal failure.
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PMID:Oral diazoxide contraindicated in severe hypertension with renal failure. 81 Feb 87

A morphometric study of the pancreatic islets in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Okamoto and Aoki Wistar strain) and in normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) of the same age revealed that the SHR (in prehypertensive and in early hypertensive stages) had a significantly smaller mass of islet tissue and that the number of islets in the SHR was reduced by half. The ratio between the total masses of the pancreatic islets for the NWR and the SHR at the prehypertensive and early hypertensive stages was found to be: 1:0.53:0.61, respectively. The mass of the islet tissue in the SHR was reduced at the expense of the beta-cell component of the islets. No morphologic differences were found in the acinous tissue, and the pancreas and body weights were the same in both experimental groups. The glucose tolerance test revealed reduced glucose utilization in the SHR, which may be due to a relative insufficiency of the insulin secretion by the islets upon rapid (i.v.) glucose lodaing. Reduced plasma insulin response to i.v. glucose loading and a reduced rate of insulin utilization were found in the SHR as compared with the NWR. The poor development of the beta-cell tissue may be attributed either to the specific effect of the enhanced catecholamine excretion or to a low insulin requirement of the cell tissue membranes (insulin targets) as a consequence of the membrane ion transport alteration in spontaneous hypertension.
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PMID:Reduction of the beta-cell component of pancreatic islets in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 82 75


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