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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to evaluate the importance of measuring serum lipids in the current care of diabetics, blood triglycerides were measured in 155 diabetics and 59 controls. Comparison with a chemical method confirmed the usefulness of the nephelometric method for the diagnosis and control of hyperlipemia in current practice. The importance of measuring serum lipids was confirmed by a close correlation between lipemia and cardiovascular complications such as coronary insufficiency, high blood pressure, and peripheral arterial insufficiency. It appeared also that glycemia and cholesterol are not sufficient to assess the biological pattern and prognosis of diabetes. Thus, lipemia is an essential parameter in the evaluation of any diabetic because of its value regarding prognosis and control therapy.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Usefulness of serum lipid determination in diabetic practice. 71 68

The frequency of congenital malformations in 187,266 live births in Hawaii from 1956 through 1966, was found to be significantly higher among offspring diabetic mothers (0.0175) than in offspring of non-diabetic mothers (0.0086) or mothers with no complications of pregnancy (0.0074). However, the frequency of malformations in offspring of diabetic mothers was not significantly higher than in offspring of mothers with heart conditions of hypertension.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Maternal diabetes and congenital malformations among live births in Hawaii. 102 Jun 16

The excretion of estriol into the maternal urine is an effective means of evaluating the fetus in pregnancies complicated by a number of metabolic disorders, such as chronic hypertension, renal disease, pre-eclampsia, etc. It is generally used in the management of pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus even though some question has been raised as to its validity for this disorder. In this study we have evaluated estriol precursors in the form of 17-ketosteroids in the urine of pregnant women with mild diabetes mellitus as well as a non-diabetic control group. Urinary total estrogen excretion was also determined. Diabetics were found to excrete significantly higher amounts of 17-ketosteroids than the non-diabetic group. The possible significance of this finding in relation to the dynamics of estriol production in pregnancy is discussed.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Urinary 17-ketosteroids in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies. 102 54

Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of midaglizole (DG-5128, CAS 66529-17-7) were investigated in comparison with yohimbine, idazoxan and tolbutamide. 1. Respiration: Midaglizole had little or no effect on respiration of anesthetized dogs. Yohimbine and idazoxan augmented respiration at low dose. Tolbutamide depressed respiratory rate and depth at high dose. 2. Blood pressure and heart rate: Midaglizole produced dose-related hypotension and bradycardia in anesthetized dogs which had laparotomy, whereas it had little or no effect on blood pressure and heart rate of dogs which had no laparotomy (unlaparotomized dogs). Tendency of slight hypertension was observed after high dose of tolbutamide in laparotomized dogs, and transient hypotension was induced in unlaparotomized dogs. Yohimbine and idazoxan increased blood pressure at low dose in unlaparotomized dogs. In laparotomized dogs, yohimbine produced hypertension and hypotension at low and high doses, respectively. In isolated guinea pig atria, midaglizole produced bradycardia which was not observed after yohimbine. Tolbutamide decreased the pulse rate at high concentration. 3. Cardiac contractility: Midaglizole produced increase in cardiac contractility of anesthetized dogs. Yohimbine and idazoxan, at low dose, showed similar inotropic activity. Prazosin also produced a positive inotropic effect, whereas tolbutamide lacked the activity. The inotropic effects of midaglizole and yohimbine were antagonized by pretreatment with propranolol or hexamethonium, whereas a similar effect of prazosin was not influenced by both blockers. In isolated guinea pig atria, midaglizole showed slight inotropic activity. Yohimbine was without any effect, whereas tolbutamide reduced the contractile force. 4. Femoral blood flow: Midaglizole produced a transient increase in femoral blood flow and a decrease in femoral arterial resistance of anesthetized dogs. Yohimbine and idazoxan, at low dose, showed similar vasodilator activity. Prazosin also produced a vasodilator effect, whereas tolbutamide lacked the activity. The vasodilator effects of midaglizole and yohimbine were not affected with propranolol, but inhibited after hexamethonium. 5. Mesenteric blood flow: Midaglizole significantly decreased mesenteric blood flow and increased the arterial resistance of anesthetized dogs in a dose dependent manner. Tolbutamide induced a decrease in blood flow and an increase in arterial resistance only at the highest dose used. Yohimbine increased mesenteric blood flow at low dose and decreased it at high dose. 6. Renal blood flow: Midaglizole dose-relatedly decreased renal blood flow of anesthetized dogs. Tolbutamide and yohimbine at high dose produced a long-lasting decrease of the blood flow. Midaglizole produced a slight transient reduction of renal arterial resistance which was followed by a slight increase. Tolbutamide increased the arterial resistance at high dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pharmacological studies with the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist midaglizole. Part I: Respiratory and cardiovascular systems. 167 73

In 1986, 110,660 of 281,589 residents aged 25-74 years in Da Qing, Hei Long Jiang Province of China, were surveyed. Based on the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, 630 subjects were found to have previously undiagnosed diabetes according to 1985 WHO criteria. Among them, 600 diabetics aged 35-74 years (288 men, 312 women) and 410 non-diabetics of similar age with normal glucose tolerance (207 men, 203 women) were examined to determine the prevalence of retinopathy and coronary heart disease (CHD) and to evaluate associated characteristics. Retinal examinations of 423 newly diagnosed diabetics showed that 15.4% had several microaneurysms and/or small intraretinal haemorrhage, 5.5% soft exudates, 7.1% hard exudates, and 2.3% proliferative retinopathy. Among 220 non-diabetics, 13.6% had one or two microaneurysms and/or small intraretinal haemorrhage, and only 1.4% had a few soft exudates; half of the non-diabetics with retinopathy had hypertension. CHD, according to Minnesota coding (1.1-1.3, 5.1-5.3 and 7.1) of resting electrocardiograms, was ten times more frequent in the diabetics (3.59%) than in the controls (0.32%), after adjusting for age and sex. Multiple regression analysis showed that plasma glucose concentration was a risk factor for retinopathy after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and blood pressure. Two-hour plasma glucose concentration (after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking and blood pressure) and blood pressure (after adjusting for age, sex BMI, smoking and 1-h or 2-h plasma glucose level) were associated with CHD among the diabetics and non-diabetics and among the diabetics alone. Thus, both micro- and macrovascular complications occur frequently in previously undiagnosed Chinese diabetics and the frequency of CHD is markedly increased compared to the low frequency among Chinese non-diabetics.
Acta Diabetol 1991
PMID:Coronary heart disease and diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed diabetes in Da Qing, China: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. 177 54

In a group of 19 patients selected at random, suffering from hypertension and signs of atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels glucose intolerance was revealed in 10 patients. Comparisons disclosed: a) Levels of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) rose more and declined more slowly in patients with glucose intolerance than in patients with glucose tolerance. b) The ratio IRI/glucose in plasma of patients with glucose intolerance increased less than in patients with satisfactory tolerance. c) 500 mg tolbutamide by the oral route reduced the blood sugar level during the first and second hour following administration of 75 mg glucose substantially more in patients with glucose intolerance. d) Tolbutamide reduced at the same time intervals also the rise of IRI levels, approximately equally in both groups of patients. e) Tolbutamide increased the IRI/glucose ratio during the investigated intervals. The authors conclude that a direct influence on glucose utilization in peripheral tissues is involved and an increased insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscles and other tissues after tolbutamide.
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PMID:[Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after a single administration of tolbutamide in hypertensive patients]. 203 14

The precise pathogenesis of human diabetic kidney disease and the factors responsible for the susceptibility to it remain to be established. However, there is now evidence that renal disease clusters in families and that genetic factors are of central importance in determining liability. A predisposition to arterial hypertension has been suggested as playing a contributory role in the development of kidney disease. Genetically controlled hypertrophic processes may be implicated in the susceptibility to arterial wall damage and glomerular injury in diabetes. This suggestion derives from the observation that the fibroblasts of patients with diabetic nephropathy show a higher Na+/H+ antiport activity and a greater 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA than fibroblasts of diabetic patients without nephropathy. The first sign of renal damage is the appearance of microalbuminuria and of a small elevation in arterial pressure, changes associated with significant mesangial expansion. Microalbuminuria is associated with abnormalities of lipoprotein profiles possibly as a consequence of insulin-resistance-induced hyperinsulinemia. It could be postulated that the environmental changes brought about by diabetes lead in susceptible individuals to increased systemic and intraglomerular pressure on the one hand and mesangial expansion on the other. These two processes would cause proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Lipid abnormalities would further aggravate the renal histological damage and, in combination with hypertension, contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis typical of patients with diabetic kidney disease. A vicious circle would thus be triggered of reduction in renal function, more hypertension, more proteinuria, more glomerular obsolence, more hyperlipidemia and eventually end-stage renal failure or premature cardiovascular death.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Mechanisms of diabetic renal and cardiovascular disease. 207 90

The responsiveness of renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems to furosemide challenge has been investigated in forty-six diabetic patients (34 NIDDM/12 IDDM), subdivided into Group I (uncomplicated DM), Group II (DM with hypertension), Group III (DM with nephropathy), Group IV (DM with hypertension and nephropathy) and a control group of 10 healthy volunteers. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was estimated by radioimmunoassay in blood samples drawn before and 10 min after furosemide administration (0.5 mg/kg i.v.). Urinary kallikrein levels were measured by bioassay using estrogenized rat uterus preparation in 4h urine samples collected before and after the diuretic. Urinary Na+ and K+ were also measured. The basal PRA in diabetics was not significantly different from controls, whereas, urinary kallikrein levels were markedly low in all patients. Both PRA and kallikrein levels increased after furosemide in controls while in diabetics this response was severely blunted. In a subset of Group I, a paradoxical fall in PRA and kallikrein levels was noted after furosemide, an effect similar to that observed in patients with nephropathy (Group III). This response in absence of clinical and biochemical parameters of nephropathy indicates early derangement of renal hemodynamic mechanisms heralding the onset of nephropathy.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Plasma renin activity and urinary kallikrein excretion in response to intravenous furosemide in diabetic patients. 208 34

Which comes first when developing clinical diabetic nephropathy, the blood pressure rise or the increasing urinary albumin excretion? This issue is discussed based on recent literature of studies in humans with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We conclude that hypertension has a central role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and has deleterious effects on the life expectancy of patients who already have signs of diabetic renal disease in terms of elevated urinary albumin excretion. However, blood pressure is preceded by small increments of urinary albumin excretion rates, an indicator of universally increased vascular leakiness, and thus does not seem to be the cause of diabetic nephropathy.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:The role of hypertension in the development of nephropathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 219 48

The authors evaluated whole blood filterability (VB) in 29 post-menopausal obese women with (n = 14) or without (n = 15) hypertension, and in 22 age matched women with normal body weight. After 3 months of a low-calorie (18 kcal/kg IBW) and moderately low-salt (max 6 g NaCl/day) diet, the obese subjects were restudied. In all women plasma fibrinogen values and various indices of metabolic status were evaluated before and after the diet and correlated to VB values. VB values and plasma fibrinogen concentrations were similar in normal controls and in women with simple obesity, whereas they were, respectively, significantly lower and higher in obese subjects with hypertension. Three months of diet significantly improved whole blood filterability and decreased fibrinogen levels in these patients. Before the diet a significant negative correlation was found between VB and plasma fibrinogen values in hypertensive obese patients. Metabolic parameters did not change in the different groups before and after the diet and did not correlate with VB values. The present study indicates that low-calorie, low-salt diet decreases plasma fibrinogen levels and improves whole blood filterability in elderly obese women with hypertension.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Effect of diet and weight loss on whole blood filterability and plasma fibrinogen values in hypertensive obese postmenopausal women. 262 50


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