Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective was to analyse the levels of uric acid in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The research involves the study of 137 patients that suffered any hypertensive disease associated with pregnancy, hospitalized on the Luis Castelazo Ayala Hospital. The patients were classified according to the ACOG. The levels of uric acid observed were measured and compared against one control group and between them. The levels of uric acid observed in any hypertensive state of pregnancy are superior to the ones observed in then control group. On patients with chronical hypertension complicated with preeclampsia, the levels of uric acid were above the levels observed on patients with chronic hypertension itself. It is not known with certainty, but some authors think that the problem es rather tubular than glomerular. There is not an exact explanation about uric acid's depuration. Nevertheless, the common characteristic is a reduction of renal perfusion. Uric acid is related with the degree of severity. Moreover, uric acid is a good indicator for the detection of hypertensive states of pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:[Variations in the uric acid levels in pregnancy hypertension]. 910 75

Metabolic abnormalities are usually reported in hypertensive patients. These metabolic alterations seem to begin in childhood. The young offspring of hypertensive parents have not been studied thoroughly for metabolic alterations. The aim of this study was to examine the level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, glycemia, aldosterone, and plasma renin activity in a population of 42 young, slender normotensive subjects with positive family history of hypertension (FH+) or negative family history of hypertension (FH-). Measurements were made in 20 young normotensive subjects (age 21.1+/-2.2 years, 11 males, 15 white, 5 oriental, body mass index of 22.1+/-2.3 kg/m2) with FH+ and 22 young normotensive subjects (age 19.9+/-1.4 years, 17 males, 17 white, 5 oriental, body mass index of 22.1+/-2.3 kg/m2) with FH-. The total cholesterol (4.47+/-0.8 versus 3.95+/-0.6 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (2.74+/-0.63 versus 2.36+/-0.61 mmol/L), VLDL cholesterol (0.5+/-0.25 versus 0.35+/-0.09 mmol/L), and triglycerides (2.52+/-1.26 versus 1.76+/-0.5 mmol/L) were significantly elevated (P<.05) in the FH+ group compared with the FH- group. The total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly higher in the group with a positive family history of hypertension (3.75+/-0.02 versus 3.11+/-0.02, P<.05). Glycemia was slightly elevated in the FH+ group (2.16+/-0.29 mmol/L) but was not significantly different from that of the FH- group (2+/-0.2 mmol/L). Uric acid, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone were similar in both groups. We conclude that young, slender normotensive subjects with a positive history of hypertension show alterations in lipid metabolism, suggesting a positive correlation between lipid metabolism and hypertension heredity.
Hypertension 1997 Sep
PMID:Lipid metabolism alterations in normotensive subjects with positive family history of hypertension. 932 93

Gout in the elderly differs from classical gout found in middle-aged men in several respects: it has a more equal gender distribution, frequent polyarticular presentation with involvement of the joints of the upper extremities, fewer acute gouty episodes, a more indolent chronic clinical course, and an increased incidence of tophi. Long term diuretic use in patients with hypertension or congestive cardiac failure, renal insufficiency, prophylactic low dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), and alcohol (ethanol) abuse (particularly by men) are factors associated with the development of hyperuricaemia and gout in the elderly. Extreme caution is necessary when prescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis in the elderly. NSAIDs with short plasma half-life (such as diclofenac and ketoprofen) are preferred, but these drugs are not recommended in patients with peptic ulcer disease, renal failure, uncontrolled hypertension or cardiac failure. Colchicine is poorly tolerated in the elderly and is best avoided. Intra-articular and systemic corticosteroids are increasingly being used for treating acute gouty flares in aged patients with medical disorders contraindicating NSAID therapy. Urate-lowering drugs are indicated for the treatment of hyperuricaemia and chronic gouty arthritis. Uricosuric drugs are poorly tolerated and the frequent presence of renal impairment in the elderly renders these drugs ineffective. Allopurinol is the urate-lowering drug of choice, but its use in the aged is associated with an increased incidence of both cutaneous and severe hypersensitivity reactions. To minimise this risk, allopurinol dose must be kept low. A starting dose of allopurinal 50 to 100mg on alternate days, to a maximum daily dose of about 100 to 300mg, based upon the patient's creatinine clearance and serum urate level, is recommended. Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia is not an indication for long term urate-lowering therapy; the risks of drug toxicity often outweigh any benefit.
 ...
PMID:Gout in the elderly. Clinical presentation and treatment. 978 27

We investigated the association between the serum level of thrombomodulin and known coronary risk factors in 119 men who underwent coronary angiography. Total cholesterol level was significantly higher in patients with coronary atherosclerosis than in those without. Significantly higher frequency of hypertension was noted in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Uric acid level and frequency of smoking tended to be higher in patients with coronary atherosclerosis but the differences were short short of the significant level. The serum level of thrombomodulin between patients with coronary atherosclerosis and those without was not statistically significant. Age, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were positively correlated and creatinine clearance was inversely correlated with the serum level of thrombomodulin. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, and fasting blood sugar, plasma level of fibrinogen, and body mass index were not related to the serum level of thrombomodulin. There was no significant correlation between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension, alcohol use, or smoking and the serum level of thrombomodulin. Restenosis was present in 8 of 16 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and had a follow-up angiogram at 6.0 +/- 3.0 months. Univariate analysis revealed no significant difference in the thrombomodulin level with and without restenosis. The present findings suggest that elevated thrombomodulin levels in patients with coronary artery disease may reflect retention of thrombomodulin due to decrease in thrombomodulin clearance in the kidney.
 ...
PMID:Thrombomodulin levels in patients with coronary artery disease. 992 5

Because previous findings have been inconsistent, we explored the association of serum concentrations of uric acid with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality and myocardial infarction prospectively. We used data from 1,044 men who are members of the World Health Organization Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Diseases (MONICA) Augsburg cohort. The men, 45-64 years of age in 1984-1985, were followed through 1992. There were 90 deaths, 44 of which were related to cardiovascular disease; 60 men developed incident nonfatal or fatal myocardial infarction. We estimated hazard rate ratios from Cox proportional hazard models. Uric acid levels > or =373 micromol/liter (fourth quartile) vs < or =319 micromol/liter (first and second quartile) independently predicted all-cause mortality [hazard rate ratio = 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-5.0] after adjustment for alcohol, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, hypertension, use of diuretic drugs, smoking, body mass index, and education. The adjusted risk of cardiovascular disease mortality was 2.2 (95% CI = 1.0-4.8), and that of myocardial infarction was 1.7 (95% CI = 0.8-3.3). Although residual confounding cannot be excluded, our results are among the few, in men, demonstrating a strong positive association of elevated serum uric acid with all-cause mortality. Future investigations may be able to evaluate whether uric acid contributes independently to the development of cardiovascular disease or is simply a component of the atherogenic metabolic condition known as the insulin resistance syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Association of serum uric acid with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality and incident myocardial infarction in the MONICA Augsburg cohort. World Health Organization Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Diseases. 1040 73

Gout is an inflammatory response to deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and around joints. It is primarily a disease of adult men. In acute gout, treatment options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine and corticosteroids, administered either intra-articularly, orally or parenterally. Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia does not require specific treatment, but should prompt screening for atherosclerosis risk factors, and general lifestyle modification to reduce serum urate levels. Gout presents differently in the elderly. Both women and men are affected, attacks are frequently polyarticular and in the upper limbs, and the gout may be associated with diuretic use, hypertension and renal impairment. In patients with peptic ulcer disease, selective COX-2 inhibitors provide another treatment option. In the presence of renal impairment, allopurinol is the treatment of choice for urate lowering therapy, but doses of allopurinol and colchicine must be adjusted. Urate lowering therapy should only be used if recurrent episodes of gout occur despite aggressive attempts to reverse or control the underlying causes. It should not be introduced or discontinued during an acute episode of gout, and gout prophylaxis (NSAIDs or colchicine) should be prescribed during the introduction of urate lowering therapy.
 ...
PMID:Clinical manifestations of gout and their management. 1090 73

Reference values are usually based on blood samples from healthy men or non-pregnant women. Blood samples from pregnant women may be compared with these reference values. Correct references for pregnancy can be extremely important for clinical decisions such as ablatio placentae, appendicitis, premature rupture of membranes and preeclampsia. Previous studies of normal variations during third-trimester pregnancy are incomplete. Blood samples during pregnancy weeks 33, 36 and 39 as well as 1-3 h postpartum were collected from pregnant women with dietary iron supplement and at least one previous pregancy without a history of hypertension or preeclampsia. When the sampled values were compared with the present reference values from men and non-pregnant women, the following differences were found during normal pregnancy: Haemoglobin and ferritin were reduced, CRP was slightly elevated, WBC (white blood cell count) and HNL (human neutrophilic lipocalin) were elevated during pregnancy and significantly increased postpartum. Albumin was reduced. ALT and AST were slightly elevated and GGT was unchanged during pregnancy. ALP, D-dimer and fibrinogen were elevated. Uric acid increased during the third trimester and thrombocyte count decreased. Separate reference values for pregnant women are essential for correct diagnostic decisions during third-trimester pregnancy. Elevated levels of D-dimer do not necessarily indicate ablatio placentae. A diagnosis of progressive preeclampsia cannot be based on increasing uric acid levels and reduced platelet count in a stable clinical condition. HNL signals activation of neutrophilic granulocytes and can thereby offer a helpful tool for diagnosing infection during pregnancy and postpartum.
 ...
PMID:New reference values for routine blood samples and human neutrophilic lipocalin during third-trimester pregnancy. 1176 17

Body mass index (BMI) and waist/thigh circumference (WTC) were estimated in 104 patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension (AH) lasting for 8.4 +/- 3.2 years (63 men, 41 women, mean age 50.2(+)-9.6 years). Blood concentration of uric acid was tested with enzymes (Boehringer Mannheim kits). Only 5 of 104 examinees had BMI under 25. The majority of the patients (79%) had high WTC. Hyperuricemia was detected in 32 of 104 patients. Uric acid level in the blood correlates (r = 0.43) with WTC but not with BMI.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical implication of the body mass and waist/thigh indices in hypertensive patients: correlations with blood uric acid levels]. 1185 14

Reports over the past seventy years show that twin gestations lead to an increased risk of hypertensive disorders. Numerous studies discuss the incidence of hypertensive disease in twin versus singleton gestations, as well as effects of parity, race, age, income level, smoking, zygosity and heritability on this condition. The range of relative risk of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia for twin compared to singleton gestations is 1.2 to 2.7, 2.8 to 4.4 and 3.4 to 5.1 respectively. Parity, African-American ethnicity, and young maternal age are all factors that increase the relative risk of acquiring hypertensive disease to 4.0, 1.8 and 1.5 in mothers of twin gestations. Factors such as maternal smoking, income level and zygosity have a negligible effect on the relative risk of acquiring hypertensive disease in twin gestations. In addition to twin mothers exhibiting a higher incidence of hypertensive disease compared to their singleton counterparts, they also exhibit an earlier onset of hypertensive disease at both 35 and 37 weeks of gestation comparatively. Uric acid levels measured at 30-31 weeks of gestation in twin mothers predicted the onset of preeclampsia with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 74%. The range of risks presented in the literature is wide and the therapies avocated are diverse. We therefore decided to summarize the risks in a comparative fashion and to review current therapeutic strategies for the convenience of clinicians who confront increasing numbers of multiple pregnancies. The tables bring all recent published risks together in the first comparative analysis in which the data has been converted to relative risks and confidence intervals. Because the literature is relatively silent on specific management of hypertensive disease in twin pregnancies, general management recommendations for singleton gestations should be used by practitioners caring over twin gestations.
 ...
PMID:Hypertensive disease in twin pregnancies: a review. 1189 76

Uric acid has long been associated with cardiovascular disease. Most epidemiological evidence suggests a significant, graded, independent and specific association between the level of serum uric acid and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This is particularly robust among persons at high cardiovascular risk, including those with hypertension, diabetes and congestive heart failure. Although several potential mechanisms have been identified to explain this association, as yet there is no evidence that uric acid bears a causal or reversible relationship to vascular disease.
 ...
PMID:Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. 1195 Jun 22


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>