Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this paper is to present a case of 46-yr-old man, poisoned with methanol, treated with ethanol and haemodialysis. According to history, he was alcoholic, but without any others complaints, except mild hypertension. During the clinical course of methanol poisoning ECG revealed pathological Q wave and ST segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF, without increased cardiac enzymes activity. As a sequel of acute methanol poisoning irreversible bitemporal loss of vision was confirmed four months after poisoning. Cardiologic examination at the same time confirmed past acute coronary episode.
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PMID:Methanol poisoning--case report. 1622 9

Many cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension are associated with an increase in blood platelet activity. Arbutus unedo (Ericaceae) is a medicinal plant reputed to treat arterial hypertension, so the present study was undertaken in order to determine the antiaggregant effect. The crude aqueous extract showed an inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (IC50 = 1.8 +/- 0.09 g/L, n = 10). The subsequent extraction of Arbutus unedo leaves by successive solvents showed that the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts accounted for most of the antiaggregant activity (IC50 = 0.7 +/- 0.08, n = 9; 0.6 +/- 0.05; n = 9, respectively). The tannins isolated from the methanol extract exhibited a strong antiplatelet effect (% of inhibition = 75.3 +/- 1.4, n = 8) and may be the major chemical compounds responsible for this action. Our results support the traditional use of this plant in the preventive or therapeutic treatment of platelet aggregation linked to arterial hypertension.
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PMID:Effects of extracts and tannins from Arbutus unedo leaves on rat platelet aggregation. 1644 67

1. Brazilian forests show high diversity of medicinal plants and several are used in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension and asthma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a methanol extract (ME) of Cecropia lyratiloba and its flavonoid fraction (FF) on the contractility of cardiac, vascular and tracheal smooth muscles. 2. Twitches of rat papillary muscles were obtained with electrical stimulation and were recorded before and after exposure to increasing concentrations of ME and FF. 3. Cardiac depression was induced by FF. At 500 microg/mL FF, the amplitude of twitches was reduced to 56.7 +/- 5.1% of control values (P < 0.05). 4. The contractile response to a single concentration of adrenaline (10 micromol/L) was measured before and after exposure to ME and FF in rat aorta rings with intact endothelium. Both ME and FF inhibited adrenaline-induced contractions of the aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. Adrenaline-induced contractions were reduced to 46.4 +/- 9.9 and 34.2 +/- 6.9% (P < 0.05) of control in the presence of 500 microg/mL ME and FF, respectively. 5. The flavonoids isolated from FF, namely isoorientin and a mixture of orientin and isovitexin, were also tested in the aorta. These flavonoid do not seem to be responsible for the vasorelaxant effects of ME and FF. 6. No changes were observed in acetylcholine-precontracted trachea when exposed to ME or FF. 7. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by FF is likely to be mediated by the release of nitric oxide because vascular relaxation was abolished in the presence of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. 8. In conclusion, vascular relaxation induced by ME and FF could explain the traditional use of the extract of C. lyratiloba for treatment of arterial hypertension.
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PMID:Activity of Cecropia lyratiloba extract on contractility of cardiac and smooth muscles in Wistar rats. 1644 8

Nifedipine (Nif) is widely used in treating cardiovascular disorders (especially hypertension) and for inhibiting preterm labor. A fully validated selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection, using solid-phase extraction, was developed for the determination of Nif in human serum. To assess specificity, Nif and its degradation products were separated on a Purospher RP-18 (5 microm, 125 x 4 mm) column plus a LiChrospher 100 RP-18 (5 microm, 4 x 4 mm) precolumn with a mobile phase of methanol-10 mM aqueous trifluoroacetic acid, pH 7.3 (57 + 43, v/v); chromatographic separation was followed by UV detection at 238 nm. For toxicological analysis, Nif in the presence of other calcium-channel antagonist drugs was identified under optimum chromatographic conditions. The calibration graph was constructed over the concentration range of 12.5-400 ng/mL in serum with good correlation (r = 0.9956). This method was not subject to interference by other plasma components and was successfully applied to the assay of Nif in spiked human serum and in serum of women in preterm labor after sublingual administration of 30 mg Nif per day divided into 3 equal doses. The mean recovery based on the ratio of the slopes of serum and mobile phase standard curves was 96.5%. The detection and quantification limits of the drug in spiked human serum were found to be 6 and 17.5 ng/mL, respectively. Validation of the method demonstrated good intraday and interday precision, which ranged from 2.18 to 6.67% and from 6.52 to 11.93%, respectively.
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PMID:Determination of nifedipine in serum of women in preterm labor by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. 1651 31

Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Sprengel is a Mexican medicinal plant that is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis and related diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess the pharmacological properties of different extracts from Cochlospermum vitifolium bark as potential agent for the treatment of some factors related with metabolic syndrome (MS), a complex disease produced for several pathophysiological factors such as visceral fat obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and liver steatosis. Hexane (HECv), dichloromethane (DECv) and methanol (MECv) extracts were subjected to some pharmacological assays to determine their vasorelaxant and hypoglycemic activity. On the other hand, MECv was also evaluated to determine its hepatoprotective effect on sub-chronic experimental assay. HECv showed a significant endothelium-independent relaxation on rat aorta rings (intact endothelium: IC(50)=14.42+/-5.90 microg/mL, E(max)=92.71+/-8.9%; denuded endothelium: IC(50)=27.94+/-4.0 microg/mL, E(max)=78.68+/-4.6%) and MECv produced an endothelium-dependent relaxation (IC(50)=21.94+/-6.87 microg/mL, E(max)=79.12+/-7.80%) on this tissue. Furthermore, HECv (at a dose of 120 mg/kg) also showed a significant decrease of blood glucose levels (p<0.05) on normoglycemic rats. Moreover, MECv (at a dose of 100 mg/kg) also was administered to bile duct-obstructed rats to determine its hepatoprotective activity, showing a statistically significant decrease of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (PGT, 45%) and alkaline phosphatase (APh, 15%) (p<0.05). Finally, we obtained a crystalline polyphenolic compound from MECv by spontaneous precipitation. Those crystals were identified as (+/-)-naringenin by X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR and GC-MS techniques. Results suggest that Cochlospermum vitifolium could be used as a potential agent against MS since it shows hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant and hepatoprotective properties.
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PMID:Hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant and hepatoprotective effects of Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Sprengel: a potential agent for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. 1697 15

Puerarin, an isoflavone compound, is an important ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, which has the good medical effects on hypertension and angina. A new type of separation and purification method for isolating puerarin was developed using chelate complex chromatography. The stationary phase was prepared with silica gel containing 7% of Cu(OAc)2 in the chloroform. After the chloroform was evaporated, it was used as chelate complex chromatographic stationary phase to purify puerarin extractive. Pure puerarin was obtained when a mixture of chloroform and methanol (10:1, v/v) was used as eluent. In comparison with a common silica gel column, the chelate complex chromatographic column was more convenient and efficient. The purity and recovery of puerarin, and column capacity were improved 11%, 12% and 200%, respectively. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the purity of puerarin could be as high as with a recovery of 92%.
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PMID:[Isolation and purification of puerarin from puerarin extractive by chelate complex chromatography]. 1716 43

Candesartan cilexetil is an angiotensin receptor antagonist widely used in the treatment of high blood pressure. This prodrug is metabolised into candesartan, which blocks the receptors AT1 for angiotensin II decreasing the blood pressure levels. During the development of a solid phase extraction procedure for the chromatographic determination of eight antihypertensive compounds, lack of linearity and reproducibility was observed only for candesartan cilexetil. Due to this fact, a stability study for this prodrug was performed. It showed that the lack of linearity and reproducibility was based on hydrolysis and transesterification processes which occurred during the drying step after elution with methanol into glass tubes. These phenomena could be reproduced artificially under basic conditions, which demonstrated the presence of basic residues in glass tubes. The study of this potential hydrolysis and transesterification reactions is very important to assure that labile drugs containing ester groups remain unaffected.
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PMID:Hydrolysis and transesterification reactions of candesartan cilexetil observed during the solid phase extraction procedure. 1747 26

The present study examined the effect of the methanol extract of Isaria sinclairii, a kind of Donchunghacho (Tochukaso), on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured after treatment with the methanol extract of I. sinclairii by the indirect tail-cuff method and the direct in vivo model. Starting at 12 weeks of age, male SHR were treated with the extracts for 2 or 4 weeks. We found that, when compared to untreated control SHR, oral treatment with I. sinclairii methanol extract (30 mg/kg/day) remarkably decreased systolic blood pressure from 200 to 112 mmHg and decreased diastolic blood pressure from 114 to 88 mmHg. Furthermore, efficacy of methanol extract of I. sinclairii was superior to captopril (30 mg/kg/mL, positive control), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, with a lowering effect that dropped systolic blood pressure from 201 to 130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 102 to 92 mmHg. However, in normal Wistar Kyoto rats, I. sinclairii methanol extract did not significantly change the normal blood pressure, suggesting that this type of Dongchunghacho has a selective effect against hypertension. Therefore, methanol extract of I. sinclairii may be used as an anti-hypertensive food/agent. Furthermore, this extract also has multiple actions such as No production in endothelial cells, inhibiting thrombin-induced blood coagulation by thrombin and mildly decreasing in prostaglandin E2 levels in cultured macrophage cells, all of which might contribute to protection against atherogenesis and thrombus formation. HPLC and MS analysis of methanol extract of I. sinclairii revealed the presence of adenosine.
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PMID:Anti-hypertensive effect of the Dongchunghacho, Isaria sinclairii, in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. 1748 67

An immunoglobulin (IgG) preparation with micro-amount of histamine fixed on the active protein fraction has been used to increase the resistance to allergic reactions. However, excessive histamine may cause hypo- or hypertension, headache, or anaphylactic shock and so the histamine content of the drug is strictly controlled by a regulation: 0.15 microg of histamine dihydrochloride is allowed for 12 mg of immunoglobulin. In this study, a liquid chromatographic method to determine micro-amount of histamine in the pharmaceutical was developed and validated. This method include a sample cleanup by a solid phase extraction (SPE) using a polystyrene-divinyl benzene (PS-DVB) polymeric sorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography after precolumn fluorescent labeling of the histamine with o-phthaldialdehyde. The drug sample was loaded to the SPE cartridge after adjusting to pH 9.5. After successive washings of the cartridge with water and 30% aqueous methanol, histamine was then eluted with 100 mM sodium acetate (pH 9.5)-methanol (20:80, v/v). An aliquot from the eluate was labeled with o-phthaldialdehyde-mercaptoethanol (OPA-ME) for fluorescence detection at the excitation maximum of 340 nm and emission maximum of 450 nm. HPLC analysis was performed on a phenyl-hexyl column with an acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 6.8; 50 microM) (35:65, v/v) as the mobile phase. The retention times of histamine and 3-methylhistamine (IS) were approximately 7.2 and 9.5 min, respectively. The quantitation range was between 0.01-0.2 mg/mL of histamine showing good linearity (r=0.9996). This analytical method would provide a potential mean for the strict control of histamine content in the pharmaceutical product.
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PMID:A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of histamine in immunoglobulin preparation using solid phase extraction and pre-column derivatization. 1803 15

For the quantitation of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA-II) in human plasma, a method using liquid-chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been developed with respect to simple sample clean-up and investigation of ion suppression effects. For sample preparation, protein precipitation using zinc sulphate and methanol showed advantages in speed, recovery, and reproducibility over solid-phase extraction. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Sciex API 365) with turbo ionspray source was used for detection of compounds with multireaction monitoring (MRM) of two transitions per compound. Suppression effects caused by endogenous matrix compounds were investigated by post-column infusion of analytes and LC analysis of precipitates of blank plasma samples and could be excluded. A validation was performed for the ARA-II drugs (valsartan, irbesartan, losartan and its active metabolite EXP 3174, eprosartan, candesartan, and telmisartan). The developed method showed good intra- and interday precision (<12% relative standard deviation) and accuracy (<11.5% bias) at different concentrations for all the studied compounds. The calculated lower limits of quantitation were between 7 and 13 ng/mL, and the compounds were stable during the analytical process. These rather expensive drugs against hypertension are prescribed with increasing numbers in Europe and the industrialized nations. Complications might arise from overdosage or metabolic disorders. However, drug monitoring is not usually performed. Because the therapeutic concentrations range from a few nanograms to hundreds of nanograms per milliliter for the different drugs, and they are not amenable to gas chromatography/MS analysis because of their high molecular weight and polarity, the LC-MS/MS method is the golden standard for therapeutic drug monitoring and for clinical and forensic toxicology of ARA-II drugs.
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PMID:Validated quantitation of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA-II) in human plasma by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using minimum sample clean-up and investigation of ion suppression. 1804 83


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