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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty patients with moderate to severe hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 115 mmHg), after a run-in wash out period of 15 days, were treated with muzolimine at a dosage of 20 mg once daily, given at 1 p.m., for three weeks. At the end of this period of treatment the patients with diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mmHg started a double blind randomized study of comparison of nitrendipine, a vasodilator calcium antagonist agent, and captopril, an inhibitor of converting enzyme. The dosage was 10 mg twice daily for nitrendipine and 25 mg twice daily for captopril, the duration of each treatment being four weeks. At the end of 28 days of double blind treatment, the patients with diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mmHg were treated with a triple combination: muzolimine plus nitrendipine plus captopril at the same dosage for a further four weeks. At the end of run-in and of each period of treatment blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in supine and erect positions and after a treadmill exercise test. At these times laboratory tests, including PRA and aldosterone, were performed. After the run-in period supine blood pressure was 189.6 +/- 13.9/123.1 +/- 7.7 mmHg. At the end of muzolimine treatment, supine blood pressure was 176.5 +/- 10.8/117.8 +/- 5.6 mmHg (p less than 0.001); at this time 4 patients had their diastolic blood pressure normalized and left the study. Thus 26 patients were randomized for comparative study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Muzolimine and nitrendipine in the treatment of arterial hypertension. 315 63

Twenty-six patients with unilateral and bilateral hydronephrosis were subjected to investigation to identify the patterns of PRA-aldosterone system. The incidence of hypertension in the unilateral group was 28.5%, while in the bilateral group it was 50%; the overall incidence was 34.6%. In the hypertensive patients (9 cases), plasma renin activity and aldosterone were normal in one, and elevated in three. Aldosterone only was elevated in 3 cases, while PRA was elevated in 2. In the normotensive patients, the levels of PRA and aldosterone were normal in 5 patients, while in the remaining 12 cases one or both parameters were elevated.
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PMID:The pattern of plasma renin activity and aldosterone system in patients with sustained hydronephrosis. 329 13

Goldblatt hypertension was induced in rats by constricting the renal artery on one side. In one group of animals the contralateral kidney remained untouched (two-kidney hypertension), while in the other it was removed (one-kidney hypertension). In the two-kidney hypertension group, renin activity was higher than in the control animals, the fibrinogen was normal both in arterial and venous blood while in one-kidney hypertension the PRA was normal, but the fibrinogen was increased. A close significant correlation could be demonstrated between blood pressure and fibrinogen.
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PMID:Correlation of the fibrinogen level with blood pressure and plasma renin activity in rats with early Goldblatt hypertension. 332

In this paper we studied the role of thyroid gland function in two experimental hypertension models with different pathophysiological mechanisms: deoxycorticosterone-salt (DOCA-salt, volume dependent) and Goldblatt 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C, renin dependent). DOCA-salt hypertensive rats showed lower T3 and T4 serum levels by the third week of induced hypertension. Goldblatt 2K1C hypertensive rats, however, exhibited normal values for both hormones. Treatment with thyroxine accelerated the evolution of hypertension and did not affect the PRA of DOCA-salt rats. Radiothyroidectomy inhibited DOCA-salt and Goldblatt 2K1C hypertension, and prevented the suppression of PRA in DOCA-salt rats, without altering PRA or serum aldosterone in Goldblatt 2K1C rats. These results suggest that: a) a thyroid depressing factor is not activated in Goldblatt 2K1C rats; b) thyroidectomy interferes with the suppressor effect of mineralocorticoid on renin secretion; and c) normal thyroid activity is required for the hypertensive effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in Goldblatt 2K1C rats.
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PMID:Studies on thyroid activity in deoxycorticosterone-salt and Goldblatt two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. 338 48

To assess the hypothesis that aldosterone may have direct vasoconstrictive action, the acute effects of canrenoate potassium (Soldactone, S), an aldosterone antagonist, on hemodynamics and hormonal responses were determined before and after the intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg S in 11 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), 9 patients with essential hypertension (EH), and 5 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH). S caused a significant -12 +/- 2 mm Hg decrease in MBP in PA, -5 +/- 2 mm Hg in EH, and -4 +/- 1 mm Hg in RVH. Reduction in MBP was significantly higher in PA than in the others and there was a negative correlation between changes in MBP and basal PAC. The cardiac index did not change throughout the study in all groups, which led to a significant reduction in total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) in PA but not in the others. There was a significant correlation between changes in MBP and TPRI (r = 0.82, p less than 0.01). PRA did not change throughout the study, but PAC and cortisol were significantly elevated. There were no correlations between changes in MBP and hormonal responses. In conclusion, S resulted in a significant reduction of MBP mediated by a significant reduction of TPRI. These results suggest that aldosterone may have direct vasoconstrictive action and this extrarenal effect of aldosterone may be involved in the regulation of blood pressure.
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PMID:Extrarenal role of aldosterone in the regulation of blood pressure. 339 Mar 21

The detection of renal artery aneurysms has greatly increased in the last years with the use of angiographic procedures and nowadays thanks to digital subtraction angiography routinely adopted in the diagnostic evaluation of patients affected by lesions at the renal artery level. This study reports the data of 31 renal artery aneurysms observed in 30 patients admitted to our Institute from 1970 to 1986. All the aneurysms were demonstrated by means of selective renal angiographies. Twenty-two patients out of 30 presented hypertension. In order to establish the possible role of the aneurysm in the genesis of hypertension, in all these cases the PRA was determined. In 27 patients a surgical procedure was adopted. This paper reviews our series of patients, analyzing the diagnostic procedures, the symptomatology presented with particular regard to the presence and the type of the associated hypertensive condition, the adopted therapeutic procedures and the results.
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PMID:Aneurysms of the renal artery. 345 Jul 59

Seventeen moderately obese middle-aged male outpatients with untreated mild hypertension (OH) and 47 normotensive men with normal weight (C) were investigated with respect to intraerythrocyte electrolytes, transmembrane sodium fluxes, PRA and urinary excretion of aldosterone (U-ALDO). There was no difference between the groups in intraerythrocyte sodium but red cell potassium was significantly elevated in OH compared to C. Sodium influx and the rate constant for sodium efflux were also significantly higher in OH. There was a significant positive correlation between sodium influx and U-ALDO (r = 0.56, p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Cellular sodium turnover in obese hypertensive men. 347 51

The mechanisms causing high blood pressure in patients with Cushing's syndrome were investigated by measurements of humoral factors and pharmacological maneuvers. Twelve patients with adrenal adenomas were studied. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures of the patients were 171 +/- 28 and 109 +/- 15 mm Hg (+/- SEM), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of normal subjects. PRA, plasma renin concentration, plasma renin substrate, plasma cortisol, plasma aldosterone, urinary kallikrein, and urinary prostaglandin E2 were measured as the humoral factors. PC values were markedly elevated in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Among the components of the renin-angiotensin system, only plasma renin substrate was increased. Urinary kallikrein and prostaglandin E2 were decreased in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Oral administration of captopril lowered blood pressure, but infusion of an angiotensin II analog did not. Furthermore, the pressor responses to infusion of both norepinephrine and angiotensin II were increased. We conclude that blood pressure is elevated in patients with Cushing's syndrome because they have enhanced pressor responses to vasoactive substances, suppression of depressor systems, and some abnormalities of the renin-angiotensin system.
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PMID:Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. 351 Feb 23

Criteria to categorize children as having hypertension associated with high, low or normal PRA as determined by the technique of renin sodium indexing; or with PRA responsiveness which was normal, suppressed or excessive after acute volume depletion induced by a loop diuretic were established in 30 normotensive adolescents. Four hour upright PRA corrected for daily sodium excretion was elevated in 16% of 43 and 84% of 25 children with essential and renal related hypertension. Low PRA was found in 5 of 43 and 0 of 25 children. In 36 children with essential hypertension evaluated after acute volume depletion, 4 and 5 had hyper- and hypo- responsive PRA compared to the 30 normotensive children. The application of these two approaches enables the renin angiotensin system to be systematically categorized in hypertensive children.
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PMID:The utility of renin profiling in childhood hypertension. 353 May 51

We have previously reported on a high prevalence of high renin essential hypertension in psoriasis. Since angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was also reported to be increased in some psoriatics, we found it rational to treat 10 patients with hypertension and diffuse psoriasis with captopril at a dose of 25 mg t.i.d. Five patients had high PRA levels and in 1 of them serum ACE was also increased. Serum creatinine, BUN and urinalysis were normal in all of them. SPB fell from 163 +/- 3 to 138 +/- 3 and DBP from 107 +/- 3 to 86 +/- 2 mm Hg after 1 month of captopril treatment. A surprising clinical improvement of the cutaneous lesions occurred in 3 patients previously resistant to every local or systemic treatment. Unfortunately, however, 3 patients developed heavy proteinuria (greater than 2 g/day) which disappeared after captopril discontinuation. The unexpected incidence of reversible proteinuria induced by low doses of captopril in our patients recommends a careful monitoring of the renal function every time this drug is employed in the treatment of hypertension in a psoriatic.
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PMID:Captopril-induced proteinuria in hypertensive psoriatic patients. 354 Jun 94


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