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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

3347 males and 3927 females aged 35-54 with normal blood pressure (not on antihypertensive medication) at entry were followed up for 4 years. The incidence of hypertension and associated factors were analyzed. There was a significant difference in incidence of hypertension between southern and northern population of China (2-5 times). The age-adjusted 4 year incidence of definite hypertension in Beijing male and female workers were 6.8% and 4.1% respectively, but only 0.7% and 2.1% respectively in Guangzhou, while in Beijing farmers were 10.1%, 5.0%, and in Guangzhou farmers were 2.3%, 0.5% respectively. The results also showed incidence of hypertension were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI). BMI greater than or equal to 24 group had higher hypertension incidence than BMI less than 24 (2.1-3.2 times). Alcohol intake was correlated to hypertension incidence rather than nonalcoholics. But no significant relations were found with smoking, educational level and the intensity of physical labour.
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PMID:[The incidence of hypertension and associated factors among middle aged workers and farmers in Beijing and Guangzhou]. 181 82

Alcohol has direct toxic effects on the myocardium and is associated with elevated blood pressure, but its relation to left ventricular mass independent of blood pressure level has not been assessed. Reported alcohol intake and left ventricular mass measured by echocardiography were evaluated in 1,980 men and 2,511 women 17 to 90 years of age and free of cardiovascular disease in the Framingham offspring and cohort study. The relation of reported alcohol intake to left ventricular mass was assessed by gender-specific multivariate regression analysis adjusting for age, height, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, history of hypertension and cigarette smoking. Alcohol intake was positively associated with left ventricular mass in men (p less than 0.01) but not in women (p = 0.64). When stratified by beverage type, beer and wine in both men and women and liquor in men were positively related to left ventricular mass. The lack of association of total alcohol intake to left ventricular mass in women appeared to be due to a negative association (p less than 0.01) with liquor. The strongest positive associations were with wine in men (p less than 0.001) and beer in women (p less than 0.05). Alcohol use is independently associated with left ventricular mass; this association may vary by beverage type. In persons with unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, excessive alcohol intake should be considered.
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PMID:Relation of alcohol intake to left ventricular mass: The Framingham Study. 182 13

The clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI) show certain differences in men and women. The clinical significance of coronary risk factors, including oral contraceptives (OCs), nicotine, arterial hypertension, and stress, were discussed. Smoking increases the risk of IHD more in women than men, especially in young women, those taking OCs, and those with hypercholesterolemia. Smoking also increases the risk of death in the event of myocardial infarction, reduces the age of menopause, detrimentally influences the contractile function of the left ventricle, and reduces the level of the high density lipoprotein (HDL). Alcohol in combination with OCs significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction through the coagulation mechanism. According to investigations carried out in Goteborg, Sweden, involving women aged 50-59 during 1970-84, the risk of myocardial infarction rises significantly in this age group. Data from 1983-87 in Hungary indicated that the a average incidence of myocardial infarction in women was 14.5/10,000 vs. 35.5/10,000 in men. Investigations within the NORA program during 1970-80 in a population of 46,000 Swedish women showed that the mortality attributed to ischemic heart disease was one fifth that of men of the same age. In summary, lipid disorders in women are a key factor in pathogenesis similar to men; and estrogens exert a beneficial effect on the metabolism of lipids and provide a protective effect to women against ischemic heart disease. On the other hand, stress, the diminished role and value of motherhood, the changed value system, smoking, alcohol abuse, widespread use of OCs, and cumulative genetic factors are involved in the rising rate of ischemic heart disease. The reasons for the observed differences were not specified, neither were the determinants of an increase in morbidity owing to IHD in women. The validity of present recommendations for women at risk of developing IHD and MI was evaluated.
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PMID:[Differences and similarities in ischemic heart disease in men and women]. 184 99

The effect of acute ethanol perfusion on the intracellular free magnesium level, intracellular pH, and high energy phosphate levels of isolated adult rat hearts (n = 13) were studied using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Perfusion with 1% ethanol solution resulted in a 43% decrease in the intracellular free magnesium level in Langendorff perfused rat hearts while intracellular pH was not significantly altered. In most hearts ethanol perfusion also resulted in increased intracellular inorganic phosphate and reduced phosphocreatine and ATP levels, corresponding to a significant reduction in phosphorylation potential. The implications of these results in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced hypertension are discussed in light of our previous studies on spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats which demonstrated a correlation between cardiac free magnesium levels and blood pressure.
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PMID:Depletion of intracellular free magnesium in rat hearts during acute alcohol perfusion: a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study. 184 46

This study examined the effect of moderate ethanol intake on systolic blood pressure, platelet cytosolic free calcium, aortic calcium, and rubidium-86 uptake in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Twelve Wistar-Kyoto rats, aged 6 weeks, were given 5% ethanol in drinking water the first week followed by 10% ethanol in drinking water for the next 6 weeks. Twelve control animals were given regular tap water. Systolic blood pressure in the ethanol-treated rats was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that in controls after 1 week and remained higher throughout the study. At 13 weeks of age, platelet cytosolic free calcium and calcium uptake by aortas were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in ethanol-treated animals as compared with those in controls. Ethanol intake did not affect aortic ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake. The in vitro effect of ethanol on calcium-45 and 86Rb uptake was also investigated in aortas of untreated Wistar-Kyoto rats at 13 weeks of age. In vitro ethanol (2.5-20 mmols/l) did not significantly affect 45Ca and 86Rb uptake in rat aortas. The increases in systolic blood pressure, platelet cytosolic free calcium, and vascular calcium uptake suggest that increases in cytosolic free calcium and calcium uptake mechanisms are associated with ethanol-induced hypertension.
Hypertension 1991 Jul
PMID:Platelet-free calcium and vascular calcium uptake in ethanol-induced hypertensive rats. 186 Jul 6

The present study investigated the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the development of ethanol-induced hypertension (EIH) in the rat. Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) as an index of central sympathetic tone was measured directly from the preganglionic fibers of the greater splanchnic nerve. Four weeks after starting ethanol feeding, and prior to the development of hypertension, SNA of the ethanol-fed rats was significantly greater than that of controls. The increase in SNA was also evident at the early stages of EIH, at 8 weeks, and in fully developed EIH, after 12 weeks of ethanol consumption. Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate (HR) but not SNA was impaired prior to the development of EIH at 4 weeks. However, at 8 and 12 weeks, baroreflex control of HR and SNA was normal or slightly greater than that of control rats. Because arterial pressure of ethanol-fed rats was significantly higher than that of controls at 8 and 12 weeks, the data suggest that ethanol feeding caused baroreceptor resetting. Pressor responsiveness to phenylephrine was depressed before the development of EIH but was similar to that of control rats following the development of EIH. The data also shows that blood and plasma volumes of ethanol-fed rats at the times that coincided with the pre- and posthypertensive states were similar to those of control rats which suggests that the development of EIH does not involve an increase in plasma volume. It is concluded that an increase in SNA contributes to the development of EIH and that baroreceptor resetting evoked by ethanol feeding plays a permissive role in maintaining an elevated blood pressure in ethanol-fed rats.
Alcohol
PMID:Role of the sympathetic nervous system in ethanol-induced hypertension in rats. 187 91

Alcoholics' blood pressures (BP) are typically elevated during withdrawal. Do such elevations predict future blood pressure dysregulation or are they simply a transitory effect of alcohol toxicity? Thirty-two patients admitted to the hospital for alcohol detoxification were tested to examine the relationship between admission BP and response to isometric handgrip administered 4 to 5 days (session 1) and 3 to 4 weeks (session 2) postdetoxification. Alcoholics were divided into three groups based on admission BPs: Hypertensive (HT, greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg), Borderline Hypertensive (BHT, 140/90-159/94 mmHg), and Normotensive (NT, less than 140/90 mmHg). In sessions 1 and 2, the groups no longer differed on resting BP or heart rate (HR) but did differ on BP and HR response to handgrip: Compared with the NT group, the HT and BHT groups had greater rises in systolic and diastolic BP and HR. There was a trend for HT alcoholics to report a positive parental history of hypertension (91%) compared to BHT and NT alcoholics (64% and 60%, respectively), suggesting the existence of premorbid factors to this exaggerated cardiovascular response. Further, alcohol consumption, based on a quantity-frequency index, was significantly higher in the HT group than in the NT group. The results suggest that transitory elevations in blood pressure observed during alcohol withdrawal may predict future BP abnormalities.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1991 Jun
PMID:Blood pressure dysregulation associated with alcohol withdrawal. 187 32

We studied the recent alcohol consumption and other possible precipitating factors in 99 consecutive patients (53 men and 46 women) all under 65 years of age with sustained re-entry and automatic supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and compared them with those of two groups of controls. One control group was derived from the Emergency Room patients and matched for age and sex; the other group (44 men, 22 women, mean age 48.7 years) was randomly selected from the general out-of-hospital population. There were 50 patients with supraventricular tachycardia, 30 with atrial flutter, and 19 with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Coronary heart disease (14% of patients), hypertension (10%), and dilated cardiomyopathy (6%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases associated with the arrhythmias. The self-reported alcohol consumption of patients with arrhythmias during the week preceding the arrhythmia did not differ significantly from that of hospital or population controls, although significantly more patients than controls had liver enzyme levels above normal; neither were there any significant differences between the groups regarding prevalence for alcoholism as judged by the CAGE questionnaire. The results were essentially similar when patients with supraventricular tachycardia and those with intra-atrial tachyarrhythmias (flutter and paroxysmal tachycardia) were separately compared with the controls. We conclude that alcohol consumption, although a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, is not associated with the induction of other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients of working age.
Alcohol Alcohol 1991
PMID:Alcohol consumption of patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias other than atrial fibrillation. 187 80

Nephrotoxicity and arterial hypertension are the most common side effects of treatment with cyclosporin A (CSA). Its effects on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the renal cortex, lung and serum of nephrotoxic rats have been investigated. Wistar rats were treated with CSA (20 mg kg-1 day-1 i.p.) or vehicle (olive oil containing 10% ethanol) for 14 days. On day 15, the rats were killed and ACE activity determined by radiometric assay using [3H]hippuryl-glycyl-glycine as substrate. CSA treatment resulted in a decrease in creatinine clearance, urine flow and body weight and a significant increase in serum and lung ACE activities (436 +/- 9 vs 391 +/- 7 nmol mL-1 min-1, P less than 0.001; 184 +/- 8 vs 142 +/- 10 nmol mg-1 min-1 P less than 0.01, respectively). In contrast, renal cortex ACE activity was reduced in the CSA-treated rats (0.35 +/- 0.02 vs 0.51 +/- 0.02 nmol mg-1 min-1, P less than 0.01). ACE activities in the renal cortex and serum were not affected by treatment with gentamicin (80 mg kg-1 day-1) for 11 days. In rats treated simultaneously with CSA and captopril (50 mg kg-1 day-1) ACE activity in the serum, lung and renal cortex was inhibited by 95, 93 and 92%, respectively. These changes in ACE activity were associated with a decreased systolic blood pressure in the rats receiving CSA and captopril. Therefore, ACE activity in the serum and lung of CSA-treated rats was increased, while its activity in the renal cortex was reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cyclosporin A treatment enhances angiotensin converting enzyme activity in lung and serum of rats. 198 Mar 2

Of 100 male patients with alcohol dependence, clinical and biochemical data were analysed in relation to family history of alcoholism and alexithymic personality traits. Family history was found in 38 patients and alexithymic personality traits in 79. No relationship was established between these two factors. In patients with a family history alcoholism began at a younger age with more severe clinical symptoms than in the remaining subjects. Patients with alexithymia had lower intensity of psychopathology but higher frequency of concomitant hypertension. Patients with family history had higher leukocyte counts and lower alcohol-induced elevations of liver enzymes and plasma lipids. In patients with alexithymia, higher values of hemoglobin and hematocrit were found. The results suggest that two predisposing factors to alcohol dependence such as family history of alcoholism and alexithymic personality determine the different clinical and biochemical features of the disease.
Drug Alcohol Depend 1991 Jan
PMID:Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity of alcoholism: the role of family history and alexithymia. 202 61


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