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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 789 Japanese male transport service workers between the ages of 35 and 50 were used as subjects in an analysis of daily lifestyle factors related to hypertension. Multiple logistic analysis showed positive dose-response relations between hypertension and age, obesity and alcohol consumption. Age and obesity were factors having a linearly increasing odds ratios for hypertension (including borderline cases and those under treatment). Alcohol consumption of 56 g ethyl alcohol per day or more had an odds ratio about double that of those who did not drink. Smokers had 1/2 the odds ratio of non-smokers. Subjects working a 24-hr shift comprised mostly of standby duty showed a slightly lower rate of hypertension, but it was statistically insignificant.
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PMID:Analysis of factors related to hypertension in Japanese middle-aged male workers. 162 88

Over the last four decades there has been extensive research into the links between diet and coronary heart disease. The most recent literature is reviewed in this position statement. The clinical and public health aspects of the National Heart Foundation's nutrition policy are based on this review. The key points are as follows: 1. Saturated fatty acids A high intake of saturated fatty acids is strongly associated with elevated serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and increased risk of coronary heart disease. 2. The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (principally linoleic acid) lower serum cholesterol levels when substituted for saturated fats and probably have an independent cholesterol-lowering effect. 3. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oils) The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce serum triglyceride levels, decrease the tendency to thrombosis and may further reduce coronary risk through other mechanisms. 4. Monounsaturated fatty acids Monounsaturated fatty acids reduce serum cholesterol levels when substituted for saturated fatty acids. It is not clear whether this is an independent effect or simply the result of displacement of saturates. 5. Trans fatty acids Trans fatty acids may increase serum cholesterol levels and can be reckoned to be equivalent to saturated fatty acids. 6. Total fat Total fat intake, independent of fatty acid type, is not strongly associated with coronary heart disease but may contribute to obesity. Associations between total fat intake and coronary heart disease are primarily mediated through the saturated fatty acid component. 7. Dietary cholesterol Dietary cholesterol increases serum cholesterol levels in some people and may increase risk of coronary heart disease. 8. Alcohol A high intake of alcohol increases blood pressure and serum triglyceride levels and increases mortality from cardiovascular disease. Light alcohol consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. 9. Sugar The consumption of sugar is not associated with coronary heart disease. 10. Sodium and potassium High salt intake is related to hypertension especially in the subset of "salt-sensitive" people. Potassium intake may be inversely related to hypertension. 11. Overweight and obesity Abdominal obesity increases the risk of coronary heart disease probably by adversely influencing conventional risk factors. 12. Vegetarianism A high intake of plant foods reduces the risk of coronary heart disease through several mechanisms, including lowering serum cholesterol and blood pressure levels.
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PMID:Diet and coronary heart disease. The National Heart Foundation of Australia. 163 Mar 69

Diagnosis and management of pseudocysts of the pancreas often present difficult clinical problems. We reviewed our 18 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts treated between January 1985 and October 1989 to identify criteria for operative and nonoperative management based on size of the lesion on computerized tomography. Diagnostic modalities, etiology, management, and concurrent medical problems were also evaluated. Alcohol (72%) was the most common etiologic agent. Hypertension (39%), peptic ulcer disease (28%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22%) were the most common associated medical problems. CT scan was the most frequently used (100%) and most accurate (100%) preoperative diagnostic tool. Preoperative ERCP modified the treatment plan in only one patient. All pseudocysts smaller than 3 cm on CT scan were managed nonoperatively, without recurrence (mean follow-up of 3 months). The most commonly performed surgical procedure was cystogastrostomy. External drainage procedures had a higher complication rate (100% vs 14%) and higher recurrence rate (33% vs 0%) than internal drainage procedures. Attempted percutaneous drainage in one patient resulted in recurrence. Pancreatic pseudocysts less than 3 cm in diameter can be safely managed nonoperatively. CT scan remains the diagnostic tool of choice. Preoperative ERCP evaluation is of limited utility and needs further evaluation. Internal drainage procedures provide the best surgical results.
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PMID:Pancreatic pseudocyst: diagnosis and management. 163 88

To investigate the time course of the effects of alcohol on blood pressure, we studied the response of ambulatory blood pressure, neurohumoral variables, and hemodynamics to a single moderate dose of alcohol in hypertensive patients. Sixteen Japanese men (22-70 years old) with essential hypertension who were habitual drinkers were examined under standardized conditions. On the alcohol intake day, they ingested 1 ml/kg ethanol (vodka) at dinner, and on the control day they consumed a nonalcoholic beverage. The order of the two periods was randomized. Mean ambulatory blood pressure was lower in the alcohol intake period than in the control period (125 +/- 3/74 +/- 2 versus 132 +/- 4/78 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), and the significant depressor effect of alcohol lasted for up to 8 hours after drinking. Blood pressure on the next day did not differ with or without alcohol intake. The acute hypotensive effect of alcohol was associated with an increase in heart rate and cardiac output and with a decrease in systemic vascular resistance as determined by echocardiography. Plasma catecholamine levels and renin activity rose significantly at 2 hours after dinner, whereas vasopressin and potassium levels fell on the alcohol day. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were comparable between the two periods. Three patients with marked alcohol-induced flush had greater hypotensive and tachycardiac responses than those who did not show an alcohol-induced flush. The change in mean blood pressure induced by alcohol was negatively correlated with age, the baseline blood pressure, and the change in plasma norepinephrine. These results indicate that the major effect of acute alcohol intake is to lower blood pressure through systemic vasodilatation in hypertensive subjects. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may be useful for assessing blood pressure in habitual drinkers.
Hypertension 1992 Aug
PMID:Acute depressor effect of alcohol in patients with essential hypertension. 163 64

The suppression of heart rate variation reflects cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction and is known to be associated with a poor prognosis or sudden death in diabetic patients. We investigated consecutive changes in the heart rate variation in 51 alcoholics using the coefficient of variation of R-R interval (CVRR). To correct for age effects, a ratio of CVRR to the standard predicted value (CVP) was calculated. On the whole, CVRR/CVP was suppressed on admission and on the 7th day of abstinence and increased on the 30th day. However, alcoholics could be divided into two groups by their CVRR/CVP on the 30th day: one group with transient autonomic dysfunction whose CVRR/CVP was more than 0.8 (n = 32), and the other group with persistent autonomic dysfunction whose CVRR/CVP was less than 0.8 (n = 19). Withdrawal hypertension occurred more frequently (63% vs. 19%) and mean systolic pressure (159 +/- 24 mmHg vs. 138 +/- 17 mmHg) was higher in the latter group than in the former, suggesting that persistent autonomic damage might, at least in part, contribute to withdrawal hypertension. To investigate further the relationship between the persistent autonomic damage and other complications, the CVRR/CVP on the 30th day of abstinence was analyzed in an additional 85 alcoholics (total n = 136). Persistent suppression of the CVRR/CVP was more frequently found in alcoholics with leg paresthesia (64%, n = 22), the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (73%, n = 11), or diabetes mellitus (69%, n = 68), than in alcoholics without these complications (31%, n = 35).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1991 Oct
PMID:Impaired autonomic nervous system in alcoholics assessed by heart rate variation. 166 63

To estimate the participation of a Na+,K(+)-ATPase-inhibiting plasma factor in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), the inhibitory activity and the characteristics of plasma extract eluted with ethanol through a C8 column were examined in normotensive non-pregnant women (N) and women with normal pregnancy (NP) and PIH. There were no differences among the 3 groups in the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of erythrocyte ghosts. The heat- and acid-stable plasma extract dose-dependently inhibited Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity with a pattern similar to that of ouabain, but different from that of vanadate. The inhibitory activity of plasma extract was not influenced by polyclonal digoxin antibody which almost completely prevented digoxin-induced inhibition and slightly but significantly reduced the ouabain-induced one. The results indicate that the plasma extract has ouabain-like inhibitory activity on Na+,K(+)-ATPase and that it is not endogenously synthesized digoxin itself, but a substance differing in structure from digoxin. Furthermore, the ouabain-like Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activity in NP plasma was significantly lower than that in PIH plasma, which was similar to that in N plasma. There were significant relationships between the ouabain-like Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activities in plasma and the diastolic and systolic blood pressures in NP and PIH groups. The results suggest that the lower ouabain-like Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activity in plasma probably participates in maintaining the blood pressure within the normal range during pregnancy and its failure may be involved in the genesis of PIH.
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PMID:Ouabain-like Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activity of a plasma extract in normal pregnancy and pregnancy induced hypertension. 166 21

We report our experience of 155 transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) procedures performed over a period spanning 12 months. The changes relative to the therapeutic approach in renal tumors are discussed. Palliative TAE has increased in comparison to presurgical TAE and the range of possibilities in benign renal pathological conditions has been extended (trauma, hemorrhage, hypertension, etc.). The morbidity ascribable to this technique continues to be low. New embolization materials (ethanol, fine particles, etc.) that are more effective and produce less side effects have become available. To date, TAE continues to be a highly effective therapeutic modality with specific indications and scant morbidity.
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PMID:[Current status of transcatheter arterial embolization in urology]. 172 81

The effect of chronic alcohol administration on blood pressure was investigated in 7-week-old Wistar rats. Tail-cuff blood pressure was significantly higher in rats who received 15% ethanol in drinking water than in control rats. Intracellular free calcium concentration of lymphocytes was increased, while magnesium concentration of erythrocyte, aorta, and skeletal muscle and erythrocyte ouabain-sensitive 22Na efflux rate constant (Kos) were decreased in alcohol-induced hypertensive rats but not in control rats. Extracellular fluid volume was also increased in alcohol-administered rats. Oral magnesium supplementation (1% MgO in rat chow) attenuated the development of alcohol-induced hypertension accompanied by increased magnesium concentration of erythrocyte, aorta, skeletal muscle, and Kos and decreased intraerythrocyte sodium concentration. Norepinephrine half-life time of the heart and spleen was also increased in magnesium-supplemented rats. Blood pressure significantly correlated positively with intracellular calcium concentration and extracellular fluid volume, negatively with magnesium concentration of erythrocyte, aorta, skeletal muscle, and Kos. These results suggest that increased intracellular calcium, which was partly due to magnesium depletion and suppressed sodium pump activity, and expanded body fluid volume had a possible role in the development of alcohol-induced hypertension. It is also suggested that oral magnesium supplementation had a hypotensive effect on alcohol-induced hypertension possibly through decreased intracellular sodium concentration caused by an activation of sodium pump and decreased sympathetic nervous activity.
Hypertension 1992 Feb
PMID:Magnesium supplementation prevents the development of alcohol-induced hypertension. 173 52

Chronic consumption of ethanol has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, as manifested by an attenuation in myocardial contractility, a reduction in cardiac output, and the induction of arrhythmia. The arrhythmogenic effect of ethanol is associated with the high incidence of sudden death in alcoholics. Further, alcohol was found to potentiate arrhythmias due to nonpenetrating chest trauma, a finding of profound clinical significance. In addition, chronic ethanol consumption is closely linked to hypertension. Whether modest alcohol consumption may protect against coronary artery disease is controversial and not clearly established. Cessation of alcohol consumption occasionally results in reversal of ethanol-induced myocardial injury. However, the transition from ethanol-induced reversible injury to permanent heart damage is not well understood. Finally, the combined effects on the myocardium of alcohol and other abused drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines, and the interaction of ethanol with chemicals such as nicotine, digitalis, and other medicaments are not well understood and may be fatal.
Recent Dev Alcohol 1991
PMID:Vulnerability to cardiac disease. 175 86

The nutritional status of 93 noninstitutionalized elderly of the city of Perugia, mostly of them examined longitudinally, was assessed at the eleventh year follow-up. Diet is still rather rich and unbalanced. Alcohol intake in men is very high. Biological dietary errors have an impact on the nutritional status, particularly for folates, of the individual. But in this regard it is interesting to note that in some cases vitamin and mineral nutriture has improved at this follow-up. In addition the distribution of malnutrition is rather different from that of the previous follow-up. As on previous occasions, no correlation was observed between vitamin intake and corresponding nutritional status (with the exception of riboflavin). Obesity is rather common among women; men present a higher muscular area and hand muscular strength. The clinical evaluation of nutritional status evidences principally changes which are mostly ascribable to old age. Among the pathologies, chronic ischemic heart disease, hypertension, chronic respiratory diseases, osteoarthrosis and diabetes occur most frequently.
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PMID:Nutritional status of the elderly V). Dietary and biochemical data and anthropometry of noninstitutionalized elderly in Perugia at the eleventh year follow-up. 180 40


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