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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver-function tests measured routinely in hypertensive patients attending the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic were abnormal in 15-8% of men and 6-2% of women. The patients studied appeared to be representative of the whole clinic population. Liver dysfunction was related to alcohol consumption, heavy body-weight, male sex, young age, and higher diastolic blood-pressure. It is suggested that alcohol and obesity were the principal causal factors and that fatty infiltration of the liver was the probable pathology. Liver dysfunction was unrelated to treatment. Alcohol use was found to be heavy in 12% of male patients attending the clinic, and this was probably an underestimate. The possibility that alcohol abuse may have a causal role in hypertension needs further study.
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PMID:Liver dysfunction in hypertension. 6 96

Experiments have been done on rats, rabbits and baboons to elucidate the role of the cranial sympathetic nerves originating in the superior cervical ganglia in the regulation of local cerebral blood flow, including its autoregulation, and in blood-brain barrier functions. Flow was measured by the [14C] ethanol technique, thermoclearance, and xenon-133 clearance. Blood-brain barrier functions were studied by the extravasation of an Evan's blue-albumin complex and by calculation of brain uptake index for two compounds (noradrenaline and inulin). Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves reduces regional flow to a degree that is related to the amount of local perivascular innervation. The breakthrough of autoregulation during induced systemic hypertension is prevented by bilateral stimulation of the superior cervical ganglia. Acute sympathectomy markedly enhances the vascular penetration both at normotension (tested by brain uptake index for noradrenaline and inulin) and rapidly induced hypertension (evidenced by extravasation of Evans' blue). This extravasation of Evans' blud during acute hypertension can be counteracted by sympathetic nerve stimulation. The results give further support for the view that the cranial sympathetic nerves afford an efficient control of the cerebrovascular bed.
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PMID:Influence of the cerebrovascular sympathetic innervation on regional flow, autoregulation, and blood-brain barrier function. 9 65

Studying coronary risk factors, this article concludes that: regular use of alcohol may protect against major coronary events; regular use of three or more drinks daily is a probable risk factor for hypertension; the relations of alcohol use to coronary disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy are disparate.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1979 Jan
PMID:Alcohol use, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and hypertension. 37 49

To provide an enhanced perspective to observations of an association between moderate alcohol consumption and hypertension, information on the frequency of hypertension in heavy drinking and alcoholic populations was reviewed. Hypertension was found more often in ambulatory heavy drinkers and alcoholics than in more moderate drinkers and abstainers. This hypertensive state appeared to be at least partially reversible upon cessation of drinking. Additional investigation is needed to define the level of consumption associated with an increased risk of hypertension, the dose response pattern, and the determinants of irreversibility. Alcohol-related hypertension may constitute a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, thus contributing to the excess mortality experienced by heavy drinking populations. In view of the steady increase in per capita alcohol consumption which characterizes many affluent societies further clarification of this relationship is an urgent public health research priority.
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PMID:Alcohol consumption and hypertension--the evidence from hazardous drinking and alcoholic populations. 37 13

The concentration of blood vasopressin was investigated in apparently healthy persons and in patients with I--II degree hypertension, aged from 20 to 80 years. Vasopressin concentration was determined by the biological method according to the antidiuretic effect of ethanol-anesthetized and constantly hydrated rats on an original 5-channel apparatus. The results obtained showed the blood vasopressin concentration to increase with age. In patients with the I--II degree hypertensive disease the mentioned concentration was significantly higher than in healthy persons of the same age. Close correlation coefficient was revealed between the blood vasopressin concentration and minimal arterial blood pressure values.
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PMID:[Blood vasopressin concentration is patients of different ages with hypertension]. 47 71

1. Of 96 alcoholics admitted for detoxification, 48% were hypertensive (systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure greater than 90 mmHg). 2. Elevation of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures was related to the severity of alcohol-withdrawal symptoms. 3. After these symptoms had abated only 9% of patients remained hypertensive. 4. Blood pressure remained normal if patients abstained from alcohol after discharge but rose in those who started drinking again. 5. Hypertension was not consistently related to the presence or severity of alcoholic liver disease. 6. Alcohol-related hypertension may be the result of the alcohol-withdrawal syndrome; increased noradrenergic activity is suggested as the likely mechanism.
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PMID:Factors influencing blood pressure in chronic alcoholics. 54 Apr 46

Ethanol has been shown to aggravate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in cerebral trauma and in cerebral gas embolism, possibly by changing the endothelial cell membrane. No difference in protein extravasation was found between intoxicated and control rats under nitrous oxide anesthesia after the injection of bicuculline, a drug that hemodynamically gives rise to high blood pressure in combination with cerebral vasodilatation. In contrast there was a statistically significant increase in protein leakage in conscious intoxicated rats. The fact that ethanol increased the vulnerability only in conscious rats might indicate that nitrous oxide and ethanol have a common effect on the endothelial cell membranes or that nitrous oxide neutralizes an action of ethanol. Protein leakage induced by acute hypertension is more severe in rats anesthetized with nitrous oxide than in conscious rats, a difference that might to some extent be related to an effect of nitrous oxide on the endothelial cells. Further studies are needed to evaluate the influence of ethanol and nitrous oxide on the endothelial cell membrane.
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PMID:Hypertension-induced protein leakage in the brain in ethanol-intoxicated conscious and anesthetized rats. 57 Mar 39

However great the success in the therapy of hypertension, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease has been gained today by recent efficient drugs, the definite healing of patients is not yet attained. The late discovery of reserpine, such an efficient drug of plant origin against hypertension, convinced so far reluctant scientists to consider the chemical compounds of the plant world. With respect to this traditional medical knowledge, it seems necessary to define more accurately the specificity of these healings-sometimes recommended unspecifically for a whole branch of medicine. This experimental verification should not use inconsiderately the present-day classification of diseases; there should be an awareness that conventional experimental methods in pharmacology are often unsuitable for revealing the real biological activity of one or another medicinal plant. The interest in the millennial empirical field of health care is acknowledged by the World Health Organization which promotes research and development of traditional medicine, along with investigations into its psychosocial and ethnographic aspects. These studies cover a number of plants growing in Bulgaria that have a healing effect in hypertension, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease according to the data of traditional medicine. Using screening methods, extracts and chemically pure substances were investigated; extraction was done with solvents such as water, ether, chloroform, dichloretan, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Most of the experiments were carried out on anesthetized cats, rabbits and dogs. The substances tested were applied mainly intravenously, and in some experiments orally. Chronic experiments were also carried out on wakeful dogs with induced hypertension, on animals fed on an atherogenic diet, and on animals with induced arrhythmia and coronary spasm. Data are presented of clinical examination of some plants or of active substances isolated from them. Major results of these studies are presented for the following plants: Garlic, Geranium; Hellebore; Mistletoe; Olive; Valerian; Hawthorn; Pseucedanum arenarium; Periwinkle; Fumitory. For another 50 plants growing in Bulgaria and in other countries the author presents his and other investigators' experimental and clinical data about hypotensive, antiatheromatous and coronarodilatating action.
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PMID:Plants and hypotensive, antiatheromatous and coronarodilatating action. 57 53

Alcohol usage as a possible explanation for socio-economic and occupational differentials in mortality from hypertension and coronary heart disease in England and Wales.
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PMID:Alcohol usage as a possible explanation for socio-economic and occupational differentials in mortality from hypertension and coronary heart disease in England and Wales. 107 66

Acute experiments were conducted on cats; it was found that prostaglandine (PG) E1 produced a contrary effect on the tone of the cerebral vessels and on systemic arterial pressure depending on the presence of ethanol in its solution. Blocking of PG biosynthesis with indometacine promoted a marked increase in the vasoconstrictor reaction of the cerebral vessels and aided elevation of arterial pressure in response to noradrenaline administration. It is supposed that disturbance of PG biosynthesis in the organism could play a definite role in the genesis of hypertension and cerebrovascular disturbances.
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PMID:[ The effect of prostaglandin E1 and noradrenaline on the tone of cerebral vessels and arterial pressure]. 122 98


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