Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examines renal function in different rat models of renovascular hypertension. Hypertension was induced by constriction of the aorta proximal to the renal artery (PAC), by PAC and nephrectomy (PAC + Nx) or by renal artery stenosis (RAS). PAC + Nx is equivalent to the Goldblatt 1 kidney-I clip hypertension model. The PAC rats were studied 3 weeks after surgery. Hypertension was by then well established. GFR, measured as the clearance of inulin, was significantly lower in PAC rats than in control (C) rats. GFR was the same in PAC + Nx rats as in C rats, but significantly lower in PAC + Nx than in Nx rats. Kidney weight was significantly higher in PAC + Nx rats than in C rats. Filtration fraction (FF), measured as the ratio between GFR and the clearance of PAH, was significantly higher in PAC and PAC + Nx rats than in C and Nx rats. In RAS rats hypertension was not established until 6 weeks after surgery, and RAS is equivalent to Goldblatt 2 kidney-I clip hypertension. Renal artery constriction was moderate as judged from the weight ratio between the stenosed and contralateral kidneys. The GFR in the stenosed kidney was not significantly lower in the contralateral kidney. FF was significantly higher in RAS rats than in C rats in both the stenosed and the contralateral kidneys, but the increase was less pronounced than in PAC and PAC + Nx rats.
 ...
PMID:Renal function in different forms of renovascular hypertension in rats. 275 May 42

Use of converting-enzyme inhibitors in patients with hypertension and bilateral renal artery stenosis or renal artery stenosis in a single kidney may be complicated by acute renal failure (ARF). The aim of this work was to find a simple test to predict this accident. PAH clearance (CPAH), Inuline clearance (CIn) and Glomerular Filtration Fraction (GFF) were measured before and three hours after a single oral dose of Captopril (50 mg) in 7 hypertensive patients (sodium intake = 6 g/24 h). All these patients presented significant stenosis (greater than 60%) of the artery of a transplanted kidney (5), of a single kidney (1) or a bilateral renal artery stenosis (1). During the following three days, 50 mg captopril was given twice a day. ARF with creatinine serum level higher than 300 mumoles/l was seen in 4 patients (Group II); in 3 patients (Group I) creatinine serum level didn't change. Values measured before the single dose of captopril and variations after three hours are reported in the table: (Table: see text). Before captopril, in Group II CPAH and CIn are lower and GFF is higher, but these is not significant difference between the two groups. After Captopril CIn and GFF are significantly decreased in Group II (29.1 and 36.6% vs 7.8 and 10%). These results allow two conclusions: 1) Basal values of Glomerular Filtration Rate plasma flow and filtration fraction are not predictive parameters for acute renal failure after captopril therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Predictability of post-captopril acute renal failure in hypertension with renal artery stenosis of a single kidney or bilateral stenosis]. 309 6

To elucidate the role of the kidneys in the development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (S), as compared to resistant (R) rats of the JR strain, we analyzed functional and morphological changes before and after the administration of an 8% NaCl diet and the onset of hypertension. The diet was begun at six weeks of age and was continued until 12 weeks of age. At six weeks, blood pressure was not different between S and R rats. Hypertension occurred in S rats receiving the 8% NaCl diet at week 8, and in S rats receiving 0.9% NaCl at week 10. Albuminuria and proteinuria were found in S rats prior to the 8% NaCl diet and progressed regardless of diet. Electron microscopy of glomeruli revealed segmental loss of epithelial foot processes in S rats at six weeks prior to the 8% NaCl diet. Mesangial widening, arteriolar myo-intimal cell hyperplasia and interstitial fibrosis occurred in all S rats. Inulin and PAH clearances in S rats decreased with time, the changes being accelerated by the 8% NaCl diet. Micropuncture of S and R rats prior to the 8% NaCl diet revealed no glomerular hypertension in S rats. The number of glomeruli in S and R rats were not different. We conclude that prehypertensive S rats of the JR strain already have albuminuric glomerular disease not associated with reduced number of glomeruli or glomerular hypertension. The renal pathology is accelerated once hypertension develops. A lower NaCl intake delays, but does not prevent renal disease in S rats.
 ...
PMID:Renal disease and the development of hypertension in salt-sensitive Dahl rats. 340 12

This investigation was performed in two groups of adult patients, 10 with type I and 10 with type II diabetes mellitus, all with arterial hypertension (160 to 200 mm Hg systolic and 95 to 120 mm Hg diastolic). Captopril, 50 mg twice a day, was administered for 12 weeks and was effective as monotherapy in 16 patients. Mean arterial pressure (+/- s.d.) in type I patients changed from 121.4 +/- 9.6 to 100.2 +/- 10.1 after 4 weeks and to 102.0 +/- 3.8 mm Hg after 12 weeks; in type II patients it changed from 132.8 +/- 5.7 to 123.9 +/- 13.5 after 4 weeks and to 109.1 +/- 11.1 mm Hg after 12 weeks. The differences were statistically significant. In only 4 patients was it necessary to add a thiazide after the first month of therapy. No significant change was induced by captopril in urine output, osmolar clearance, free water clearance inulin, and PAH clearances. No significant change was observed in serum and urine Na+, Cl-, Ca++ and Mg++, whereas a statistically significant reduction was found in the renal clearances of K+ and PO4-. No important change in serum aldosterone was found, while plasma renin activity was increased, as expected. No alterations in urine protein, glucosaminoglycans, gamma GT, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were observed during follow-up. All patients maintained good metabolic control of their disease. No neutropenia and orthostatic hypotension were seen. Captopril appears to be an effective and safe drug for lowering blood pressure in diabetic patients, without affecting renal function, electrolyte balance and the metabolic control of diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Captopril in the treatment of hypertension in type I and type II diabetic patients. 353 66

Twenty patients with severe pregnancy induced (PIH) or pregnancy aggravated (PAH) hypertension, undergoing general anaesthesia for Caesarean section were studied. All patients received a standard anaesthetic technique designed to control the potentially dangerous, reflex cardiovascular instability associated with laryngoscopy. The average increase in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was 56.4 mm Hg following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
 ...
PMID:General anaesthesia in mothers with severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. 368 11

Twenty-six patients manifesting severe pregnancy-induced (PIH) or pregnancy-aggravated (PAH) hypertension who presented for emergency Caesarean section under general anaesthesia were studied. All patients came from a previously identified high risk group--namely greater than 25 yr, multiparous and with diastolic arterial pressures sustained at greater than 120 mm Hg. Our standard accelerated induction technique for the management of severely hypertensive mothers was modified to include the use of fentanyl and droperidol before induction. This modification of the induction sequence produced a clinically significant amelioration of the reflex sympathetic hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and intubation in most mothers receiving antihypertensive therapy, without apparent deleterious effect in the immediate postoperative period to those neonates unaffected by intrauterine asphyxia.
 ...
PMID:Fentanyl-droperidol supplementation of rapid sequence induction in the presence of severe pregnancy-induced and pregnancy-aggravated hypertension. 368 12

The urinary excretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) was studied during volume expansion (VE) in nine healthy normotensive individuals and 14 patients with active IgA glomerulonephritis (GN). The studies were started after 17-18 h of food and fluid deprivation (hydropenia, HP) and VE was induced by a continuous infusion of Ringer solution up to an amount corresponding to 3% of the body weight. The clearance of inulin and PAH, urine osmolality and urinary excretion of sodium and AVP were determined. The AVP excretion decreased in response to VE in the healthy individuals, both when related to GFR (from 129 +/- 17 pg min-1 100 ml-1 GFR during HP to 65 +/- 9 after 3% VE, P less than 0.01) and to body surface area (BSA) (from 134 +/- 22 pg min-1 1.73 m-2 BSA to 75 +/- 11, P less than 0.05). In the patients with IgA GN, who had normal blood pressure and normal GFR, the AVP excretion tended to decrease, but the change was not significant (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). The patients with hypertension but essentially normal GFR, and those with hypertension and markedly decreased GFR did not change their renal excretion of AVP in response to VE. If related to the GFR, the latter patients had a markedly increased AVP excretion.
 ...
PMID:Arginine vasopressin excretion in response to volume expansion in the healthy human, and in patients with glomerulonephritis. 395 2

Four beta-blockers: atenolol 15 mg i.v., metoprolol 25 mg i.v., acebutolol 45 mg i.v. and labetalol 50 mg i.v. were administered to 106 patients suffering from hypertension and with normal or disturbed renal function. During an identical test protocol, measurements of clearance of inulin, of PAH, urine sodium and the fraction of sodium excreted were recorded one hour before and four or five hours after administration of the antihypertensive. Mean blood pressure and heart rate were also recorded. The three pure beta-blockers reduced inulin and PAH clearance and lowered urine sodium. These modifications were the same for all three drugs. Labetalol, which also possesses alpha-blocking properties, did not reduce renal function values or urine sodium. While a slight fall in blood pressure occurred with all the antihypertensives, heart rate was reduced only by the three pure beta-blockers. The action of the four drugs was very similar whatever the state of the subject's renal function. The study of the renal effects of the beta 1-selective atenolol and metoprolol, and acebutolol which has a higher intrinsic sympathomimetic activity does not demonstrate any significantly different renal action among these three drugs, but the effects of labetalol on renal function values and urine sodium are slighter. The renal action of the beta-blockers cannot be fully explained. Though the fall in the renal plasma flow and in the glomerular filtration rate can be related partly to the decrease in the cardiac output consequent to induced bradycardia, stimulation of renal alpha-receptors must be considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Comparative effects on renal function of 4 beta-blockers injected intravenously]. 613 63

In a group of six patients diagnosed as having unilateral renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia, inulin glomerular filtration rate, (GFR) and PAH renal plasma flow, (RPF) clearances, urine flow (V), urine sodium (UVNa), potassium (UVK), urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (UVPGE2), thromboxane B2 (UVTxB2), and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (UVPGF1 alpha) were measured in each kidney before and after the i.v. administration of furosemide (20 mg). The basal values of GFR, RPF, UVNa, UVPGE2, UVTxB2, and UV6-keto-PGF1 alpha were lower (p less than 0.01) in the stenotic kidney. Furosemide increased RPF 11% and 50%, GFR 25% and 62%, and V 142% and 280% in the contralateral and stenotic kidney respectively. The increase of UVNa was similar in the two kidneys. In the stenotic kidney, both UVPGE2 and UV6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased significantly (p less than 0.01) with furosemide while UVTxB2 remained unchanged. Furosemide did not alter the rate of excretion of the three prostaglandins measured in the contralateral kidney. We conclude that furosemide significantly improves renal circulatory and excretory function of the stenotic kidney. Since prostaglandin excretions also increased, the vasodilatation in the stenotic kidney may be prostaglandin mediated.
Hypertension
PMID:Effect of furosemide on renal function in the stenotic and contralateral kidneys of patients with renovascular hypertension. 636 Aug 82

Studies were carried out in 15 patients with renal insufficiency and hypertension to compare the long-term effects of methyldopa and propranolol on renal hemodynamics. Inulin and PAH clearance measurements were made under baseline conditions and four to six months of antihypertensive therapy with each of the two drugs. Eight of the 15 patients (group I) were started on methyldopa and then switched to propranolol; and in the other seven (group II), the sequence was reversed. There were no statistical differences in blood pressure or inulin or PAH clearances under baseline conditions between the two groups of patients. Blood pressure was controlled equally with the two drugs in combination with furosemide. In group I, there was no significant effect of either antihypertensive drug on inulin clearance, but PAH clearance was significantly higher during methyldopa than propranolol therapy. In group II, the same higher PAH clearance was found with methyldopa, even though the sequence of drug administration was opposite to that of group I. Challenge with iv furosemide resulted in a greater 3-hour natriuresis during methyldopa than propranolol treatment. The observations indicate that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not significantly affected by long-term treatment with methyldopa or propranolol but that renal plasma flow (RPF) is higher during treatment with methyldopa in patients with renal insufficiency and hypertension. The higher RPF apparently enhances the acute natriuretic effect of iv furosemide.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of long-term renal hemodynamic effects of methyldopa and propranolol in patients with hypertension and renal insufficiency. 639 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>