Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In acute and chronic experiments on 45 dogs the authors obtained vasorenal hypertension, the elimination of which was fulfilled by means of autotransplantation of the kidney without transection of the ureter. The dynamical study of renal function was carried out through an analysis of arterial blood pressure, erythropoietic activity, blood serum, reticulocytic count, creatinine, residual nitrogen, diuresis, radioisotopic investigation, chromocystoscopy at open bladder, excretory urography, aortograhy, phlebography and morphometric studies of the renal glomeruli.
 ...
PMID:[Kidney functional dynamics in eliminating vasorenal hypertension by a kidney autograft]. 39 99

Following effective long-term antihypertensive therapy, hemodialysis could be discontinued in 4 patients with malignant hypertension in view of improved renal function. Diagnoses included nephroangiosclerosis (2 cases), scleroderma and chronic glomerulonephritis. All patients had symptoms of hypertension or renal disease for at least one year prior to initiation of hemodialysis treatment. At the outset, blood pressure averaged 249 +/- 43/150 +/- 22 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) and all patients had grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. After 1 to 20 months strict blood pressure control, renal function had improved to such a degree that hemodialysis could be discontinued. One year later, blood pressure averaged 138 +/- 20/89 +/- 6 mm Hg and serum creatinine 3,2 +/- 1,2 mg/100 ml. These data suggest that in hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure, strict control of blood pressure is of the utmost importance whatever the severity and nature of the underlying renal disease.
 ...
PMID:[Discontinuation of chronic hemodialysis due to improved kidney function caused by the control of arterial hypertension]. 39 20

To characterize the renin-angiotensin system in the Aoki-Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) more fully, serial measurements of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC), renin reactivity (as relative index of circulating modifiers of the renin reaction) and renin substrate concentration were made in 6- to 64-week-old SHR and in age-matched Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY). In the evolving phase of SHR hypertension (6 and 13 weeks of age), PRA was comparable to WKY control values, whereas mature SHR with established hypertension developed, between 13 and 35 weeks of age, a high-PRA state persisting through 64 weeks of age. In 64-week-old SHR, increased plasma volume (3.54 +/- 0.91 in SHR vs. 3.18 +/- 0.90 ml/100 g body weight in WKY, p less than 0.025), together with increased PRA (24.9 +/- 3.8 in SHR vs. 13.1 2.2 ng AI/ml plasma/hr in WKY, p less than 0.025), suggest that volume decrease cannot explain increased PRA. In 42-week-old SHR, PRA was incompletely suppressed by deoxycorticosterone acetate plus 1% saline orally for 4 days: 4.9 +/- 1.2 in SHR vs. 0.6 +/- 0.8 ng angiotensin I/ml plasma/hr in WKY, p less than 0.001. Modestly increased renin reactivity of plasma was observed in SHR at all ages studied, supporting the ubiquity of increased circulating accelerators (or decreased inhibitors) of the renin reaction in hypertensive states. However, elevated renin reactivity did not account for the transition from normal to high PRA observed in mature SHR, nor did renin substrate concentration, which was consistently lower in SHR than in age-matched WKY. Temporal patterns of, and strain differences in PRA were closely paralleled by variations in PRC but not by other reaction components. Significant elevation of serum creatinine in old SHR support the presence of renal injury. We conclude that PRA and PRC are normal in evolving SHR hypertension and progress to abnormally elevated levels after hypertension is established. We postulate that "high-renin" hypertension may develop as a consequence of the hypertensive state per se, perhaps due to nephrosclerotic vascular disease.
Hypertension
PMID:Serial renin-angiotensin studies in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats. Transition from normal- to high-renin status during the established phase of spontaneous hypertension. 39 38

The smoking habits of 82 patients with malignant-phase hypertension were compared with those of subjects in three control groups matched for age and sex. Sixty-seven (82%) of the patients with malignant-phase hypertension were smokers compared with 41 (50%) and 71 (43%) of the patients in two control groups with non-malignant hypertension, and 43 people (52%) in a general population survey. The excess of smokers in the malignant-phase group was significant for men and women, together and separately, for cigarette smoking alone, and for all forms of smoking. There were no significant differences between the control groups. The chance of a hypertensive patient who smoked having the malignant phase was five times that of a hypertensive patient who did not. Twelve patients in the malignant-phase group had never smoked. All were alive three and a half years on average after presentation (range 11 months to seven years). Twenty-four (36%) of the smokers with malignant-phase hypertension died during the same period. The mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with renal failure, as was the prevalence of smoking. Eighteen patients with malignant-phase hypertension had a serum creatinine concentration higher than 250 mumol/l (2.8 mg/100 ml); 17 were smokers and one an ex-smoker. Eleven of these 18 patients died.It is concluded that hypertensive patients who smoke are much more likely to develop the malignant phase than those who do not, and that once the condition has developed it follows a particularly lethal course in smokers.
 ...
PMID:Excess smoking in malignant-phase hypertension. 42 50

We assessed the effect of "healed" childhood renal disease on subsequent pregnancies by following-up a cohort of 224 children initially hospitalized with kidney disease. The pregnancy experience in this cohort was compared to two "control" cohorts comprising 81 female siblings and 191 age-matched female patients hospitalized contemporaneously for respiratory infection. The incidence of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and pregnancy-associated hypertension was not different among the cohorts; however, the incidence of infants with low birth weights was significantly greater in the renal and respiratory disease groups. Childhood kidney disease followed by impaired renal function (serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL) was associated with greater maternal and fetal morbidity. Kidney disease in childhood followed by apparent healing and no functional renal impairment does not have an adverse effect on maternal welfare, although the incidence of infants with low birth weight is apparently increased.
 ...
PMID:Antecedent renal disease and the outcome of pregnancy. 43 73

Hyperuricaemia was present in 18 out of 73 men with untreated mild hypertension and was related significantly to alcohol intake, serum aspartate transaminase activity, and obesity. In the whole group the mean serum urate concentration correlated highly significantly with alcohol intake and activities of serum aspartate and alanine transferases but not with ponderal index, serum creatinine concentration, age, or blood pressure. Hypertension and hyperuricaemia are related at least in part through their common association with frequent alcohol use. A serum urate concentration exceeding 0.5 mmol/l (8--4 mg/100 ml) in a man with untreated hypertension is highly suggestive of heavy alcohol consumption. There was no evidence that hyperuricaemia had a deleterious effect on renal function.
 ...
PMID:Hyperuricaemia in hypertension: role of alcohol. 43 9

Morphometrical investigations (point-counting method) showed that in different inflammatory (endocapillary -- acute -- GN, mesangioproliferative GN, membranoproliferative GN) glomerulonephritides and in non-inflammatory glomerular diseases (perireticular amyloidosis), there are statistically significant correlation between serum creatine concentrations at the time of biopsy and the enlargement of the cortical interstitium by fibrosis. Similar results were obtained in investigating different grades of benign nephrosclerosis with transition into secondary malignant nephrosclerosis conditioned by hypertension and in chronic diffuse sclerosing interstitial nephritides of different etiologies. As hypothesis, we assume that a narrowing of the postglomerular vessel network by interstitial fibrosis take place. This could lead to an increase resistance of the renal cortical blood flow. In spite of an elevated effective filtration pressure, the slowing of the glomerular blood flow may lead to the reduction of GRF and to an increase of the serum creatinine concentration. Additionally, in the case of interstitial fibrosis the tubules look atrophied. This could be the consequence of the reduced GFR as a sign of inactivity. On the other hand, tubular atrophy could result from malnutrition in the case of interstitial fibrosis. The resorptive capacity of these atrophied-looking tubules could be lowered and the GFR could be diminished by the so-called Thurau mechanism.
 ...
PMID:The role of the interstitium of the renal cortex in renal disease. 46 60

Endocrine and renal functions were studied in 149 patients with essential hypertension by measuring plasma electrolytes, renin activity, creatinine and aldoserone, as well as the urinary excretion of creatinine and sodium chloride, before and during treatment for hypertension. Half of the patients responded to trichlormethiazide (thiazide-responsive group) but the other half did not (thiazide-unresponsive group). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased progressively uith age in the thiazide-unresponsive group, but were lower and did not progress with age in the thiazide-responsive group. There was no consistent difference in plasma renin activity between the thiazide-responsive and the thiazide-unresponsive groups. The fluctuation of plasma renin activity in response to an excess of sodium chloride or to thiazide treatment was reduced progressively with age. Creatinine clearance decreased and the blood urea nitrogen level increased with age. The age-related decrease of plasma renin activity is discussed on the light of the age-related impairment in the ability of the kidney to excrete sodium and water.
 ...
PMID:Age-related changes in endocrine and renal function in patients with essential hypertension. 46 52

A case is presented of a 1-year-old boy with hypertension resulting from abnormal renin production by the right kidney. The kidney had undergone infarction and atrophy secondary to renal vein thrombosis. The left kidney remained normal despite inferior vena cava thrombosis because of the development of collateral venous circulation. The hypertension was cured by right nephrectomy. The child remains normotensive and with a normal serum creatinine at 1-year followup.
 ...
PMID:Hypertension in childhood from renal vein thrombosis. 47 18

A population survey of 60-year-old men (n=331) was performed in Uppsala. tthe prevalence of hypertension defined as established hypertension and those having an unknown diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of greater than or equal to 105 mmHg was 19.3%. Of the hypertensive population, 35.9% had not been detected previously. In the treated group, 43.9% were poorly controlled regarding the BP level. Thus 64.1% of the total hypertensive population at the age of 60 years were either undetected or inadequately controlled. Excretion of urinary electrolytes was also evaluated in this work. All participants of the health survey except four performed a 24-hour collection of urine following the health examination. Care was taken with endogenous creatinine clearance. Negative and significant correlations were noted between excretion of sodium and potassium in urine and DBP levels in the group (n=23) of untreated hypertensives. In a population sample (n=135) of healthy subjects devoid of medical treatment in the same population survey, a positive and significant correlation was noted between the systolic BP and the urinary excretion of sodium. Thus up to a certain BP level there is a pressure diuresis and at higher BP levels the kidney retains electrolytes.
 ...
PMID:Blood pressure in 60-year-old men. Findings in a health survey and some comparisons with 50-year-old men in the same community. 48 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>