Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pregnancy in renal transplant recipients is common and, in spite of several potential problems, overall maternal and fetal outcome has been good in patients with transplants that are functioning well. The presence of renal impairment or hypertension, or both, usually leads to complications, especially in the mother. A patient is described who had a baseline creatinine clearance of about 35 mL/min-1.73 m2 and two successful pregnancies. Renal function deteriorated in the 3rd trimester of the first pregnancy but was reversible; permanent loss of function occurred in the 3rd trimester of the second pregnancy. The potential fetal and maternal risks and details of management of pregnant transplant recipients are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Pregnancy in renal transplant recipients: report of two successful pregnancies in a patient with impaired renal function. 33 68

Prazosin (Minipress; Pfizer), a new antihypertensive agent, was investigated in 24 outpatients with uncontrolled hypertension. In 12 patients a single-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted and in 12 patients an open trial with treatment for a minimum of 16 weeks. Three patients developed postural hypotension and were withdrawn from the trial. Fifteen patients responded to treatment with prazosin and normotensive levels were reached in 9. Ten patients had renal impairment at the start of the study; renal function remained static in 9 and serum urea and creatinine values increased in 1. Prazosin maintains renal function well in severely hypertensive patients and has a relatively low incidence of side-effects, related mainly to postural hypotension which develops unpredictably in some patients. In addition to its extensively documented beneficial effect in mild and moderate forms of hypertension, prazosin is of use in the therapy of patients with severe and uncontrolled hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Prazosin in the therapy of uncontrolled hypertension. 33 73

Long-term blood pressure changes were studied in 50 patients who had undergone renal homotransplantation. Excluded were those subjects with arterial stenosis of the transplanted kidney, acute or rapidly progressive rejection, or recurrent glomerulonephritis, as well as those retaining their own diseased kidney(s). The blood pressure after the end of the first year was stable and, therefore, was utilized as the reference blood pressure for this study. One year after transplantation, hypertension was observed in 20% of the patients. Mean blood pressure was positively correlated with age (P less than .01), body weight (P less than .001), and serum creatinine level (P less than .001), and negatively correlated with maintenance dose of prednisone (P less than .01). A higher incidence of hypertension was observed in cadaver kidney transplantation than in living related-donor transplantation. The study minimizes the role of glucocorticoids and emphasizes the role of renal factors in the mechanism of the long-term blood pressure changes.
 ...
PMID:Long-term blood pressure changes in renal homotransplantation. 34 41

The relationship of renal transplantation to new onset or persistence of previously established hypertension was analyzed in 164 transplant recipients in whom the renal allograft functioned for six months or longer. Of the 164, thirty-seven (23%) had normal blood pressure and 127 (77%) were hypertensive prior to transplantation. Following transplantation 83 patients (51%) were normotensive; high blood pressure was found in 81 (49%). Posttransplant hypertension could not be correlated with the recipient's original renal disease, age, sex, renal donor source, donor age, or maintenance dose of prednisone. More normotensive paients had undergone prior binephrectomy when compared with the hypertensive group (P less than .05). Mean serum creatinine levels was higher (2.0 mg/dl) in hypertensives than in normotensives (1.54 mg/dl) (P greater than .05). Selective renal veins' renin measurements in patients with severe hypertension were not helpful in predicting the beneficial effects of either bilateral nephrectomy or surgical correction of transplant renal artery stenosis.
 ...
PMID:Relationship of renal transplantation to hypertension in end-stage renal failure. 35 41

1. The hypotensive effect of methyldopa alone or associated with other hypotensive drugs was evaluated in 155 patients. After 10 days of treatment, the blood pressure was back to normal in 80% and in 50% of the patients with mild and moderate hypertension, and it was significantly decreased in those with severe hypertension. 2. Contrary to other hypotensive drugs, it did not produce a significant increase in BUN and serum creatinine. Occasional or recurrent episodes of orthostatic hypotension were observed in about 18% of the cases, but in none did it produce important symptoms of cerebral or myocardial ischaemia.
 ...
PMID:Clinical experiences with methyldopa. 35 29

Three hundred forty nine hypertensive patients above the age of 60 have entered the double-blind multicentre trial of the European Working Party on High blood pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE). After stratification and randomisation half were treated with one or two capsules containing 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide and 50 mg triamterene and if blood pressure control was insufficient methyldopa was added up to 2 g daily; the other half received matching placebo. No significant differences between the groups were present prior to randomisation. A significant blood pressure difference of 25/10 mm Hg was obtained between the groups and maintained during two years of follow-up. No major disturbances in serum potassium or serum sodium were noted with the present drug combination. However, during the initial phase an increase in serum creatinine and serum uric acid was noted in the actively treated group, which was maintained for two years. Also glucose tolerance was impaired after 2 years in the actively treated group. A favourable influence on prognosis by active treatment can be expected on the basis of the blood pressure reduction and in the absence of major electrolytes disturbances. But this benefit must be proven by observed statistical differences in terminating events between the groups. Therefore the patients are being followed for a longer period of time and more patients are admitted into the trial.
 ...
PMID:Antihypertensive therapy in patients above age 60. Third interim report of the European Working Party on High blood pressure in Elderly (EWPHE). 35 97

1. A double-blind comparison of the effect of tienylic acid and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure was made in patients with moderate hypertension. 2. The antihypertensive effect of 500 mg tienylic acid was comparable to 100 mg hydrochlorothiazide; mean decrease in supine blood pressure after 6 weeks treatment was 20/12 mmHg with tienylic acid and 17/9 mmHg with hydrochlorothiazide. Onset of antihypertensive action was within 1 week and was associated with significant weight loss. 3. Tienylic acid caused a marked decrease in serum uric acid to a mean of 0.18 mmol/1 (n = 11, P less than 0.001), this persisted through the treatment period and returned to placebo values 1 week after treatment ceased. Some patients had uric acid crystaluria and some had post-treatment uric acid levels higher than on placebo. 4. Tineylic acid and hydrochlorothiazide caused mild hypokalemia and alkalosis with proportional decrease in plasma chloride. 5. Blood urea and serum creatinine rose with both drugs and there was an unimportant decline in plasma sodium. 6. Tienylic acid is an effective antihypertensive agent with powerful uricosuric action and appears relatively free of side effects. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal dosage regimes and long term safety.
 ...
PMID:A double-blind comparison of the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and tienylic acid (a diuretic with uricosuric properties) in hypertension. 35 19

The authors studied the hypotensive effect of the Bulgarian preparation Chlophazolin in ampoules of 0,15 mg, administered i. v. The study covered 50 patients, 44 of them with hypertonic disease II and III stage and the rest (6)--with renal and renovasal hypertension. The i. v. administration of chlophazolin was established to have a marked hypotensive effect and be expedient for the treatment of hypertonic crises and hypertension with high values. In a dose of 0,15 mg i. v. the preparation leads to a sharp decrease in the first 20 min, whereas during the following hours it is kept to lower values: systolic pressure-an average decrease of 30-40 mm Hb in a lying position, to 45-50 mm Hg in an erect position; the diastolic pressure-an average decrease of 10-15 mm Hg in a lying position to 20-25 mm Hg in an erect position. The hypotensive effect is better manifested in higher initial values of the pressure. It lasts approximately more than 13 hours but in 1/5 of the patients, with higher values of blood pressure, its effect is exhausted within 6-8 hours. Side effects of the preparation were registered in 26 per cent of the cases; orthostatic disturbances, sleepiness, dryness of the mouth, nausea. I. v. administration of chlopazolin does not change the excretion of urea and creatinine, diuresis and serum levels of sodium, potassium and chlorine.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical trial of the preparation clofazolin used intravenously]. 36 4

The purpose of this double-blind study was to compare the effects on blood pressure of tienilic acid and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. The biochemical effects of tienilic acid in relation to those of hydrochlorothiazide were also determined over a long-term period of therapy. Sixty-six outpatients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were treated for seven months with either 250 mg of tienilic acid or 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide after a 3 week placebo period. When warranted, dosage was increased to a maximum of 500 mg of tienilic acid and 100 mg of hydrochlorothiazide daily. Results indicate that tienilic acid reduced blood pressure significantly and to the same extent as hydrochlorothiazide. No significant side effects were observed. The effects on potassium, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were comparable in both groups. However, serum uric acid rose with hydrochlorothiazide but fell with tienilic acid. In view of this effect, tienilic acid may have certain advantages over thiazide therapy in the treatment of hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Long-term usage of tienilic acid in essential hypertension. 38 97

Ten years' experience of renal transplantation in 40 children (aged 5--18 years) is reviewed. Including 3 second transplantations 40 cadaver grafts and 3 living donor grafts were transplanted. Mean graft survival was found to be 19 months, the longest being 8 years. At the time of last examination 24 children were alive wtith a functioning graft (mean serum creatinine level 1.5 mg/dl). After graft failure 9 children were again on intermittent hemodialysis. 7 children had died mainly because of infections or cardiovascular complications. Cumulative survival rate of patients and cadaver grafts after 2 years was 84 and 53% respectively. Growth velocity was variable but improved in the majority of patients compared to the previous dialysis period. Full social rehabilitation could be achieved in every case. Main complications were acute rejections (irreversible in 7 of 67), chronic rejections (irreversible in 6 of 10), side effects of immunosuppressive drugs (infections; hematologic, metabolic, and bone disorders), hypertension (60%), recurrence of primary renal disease (in 5 of 9 patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) and surgical complications (28%). Therapeutic guide-lines are given emphasizing the role of specialized children's centres and the cooperation between pediatric nephrologists, immunologists, urologists and psychologists including the time before, during and after transplantation.
 ...
PMID:[Kidney transplantation in children]. 38 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>