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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholesterol, triglycerides, and Lp(a)/pre-beta1 lipoprotein were analyzed in 153 patients typed for liproprotien patterns. Coronary atherosclerosis was determined by selective coronary angiography and graded by a system taking into account proximal, middle and distal segments. Smoking habits, family history and hypertension were also recorded. Normal coronary arteries were encountered in 45, moderate coronary atherosclerosis (less than median score) in 50, and severe changes (greater than median score) in 58 patients. Cholesterol (P less than 0.05), positivity of Lp (a)/pre-beta1 lipoprotein (P less than 0.01), a family history of coronary heart disease (P less than 0.05), and smoking (P less than 0.01) differed between the group of normal arteries and the whole group of luminal obstructions. Serum triglycerides were not associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Cholesterol, positivity of the Lp(a)/pre-beta1 lipoprotein and a family history of coronary heart disease were also associated with the severity of the disease. Smoking was less prevalent in the group with severe changes.
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PMID:Serum lipids in angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis. 20 36

Embolization of cholesterol crystals from ulcerated atheromatous lesions can produce distinct syndromes that mimic more common disease processes. Cholesterol emboli can present as renal failure, hypertension, spells of numbness, abdominal pain, and myocardial infarction, or as a multisystem disease that closely approximates the presentation, clinical course, and even biopsy picture of polymyositis or periarteritis nodosa. A review of this problem with particular attention to the clinical presentations should help in the early diagnosis and treatment of cholesterol emboli and avoid unnecessary and inappropriate therapies.
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PMID:Cholesterol embolism: the great masquerader. 37 Oct 3

Levels of serum lipids, uric acid and body weight are reported from a controlled trial of drug treatment of middle-aged men with uncomplicated mild hypertension. The results come from 300 men after three years of follow up; 150 men in the treatment group and 150 men in the control group. The treatment has been standardized starting with hydrochlorothiazide alone and adding alpha methyldopa when necessary. In case of side effects, alpha methyldopa was replaced with propranolol. Pretreatment results demonstrated a strong covariation among body weight, uric acid and triglycerides. In the entire treatment group, there was no significant change in triglycerides after three years (increase from 1.85 to 2.02 mM/liter, P greater than 0.05). Cholesterol was also unchanged. Further analysis showed that certain patients reacted with an increase in triglycerides during treatment: those prone to a distinct increase in uric acid and those gaining weight. Those who needed combination therapy (having the highest pretreatment blood pressure) showed most of the increase in triglyceride and uric acid. In the group treated with hydrochlorothiazide alone, the triglycerides were unchanged. However, those selected from this group with a distinct increase in uric acid also showed an increase in triglycerides. The treatment increased the pretreatment positive correlation between uric acid and triglycerides.
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PMID:Serum triglycerides and serum uric acid in untreated and thiazide-treated patients with mild hypertension. The Oslo study. 62 36

Rabbits were used for the long-term study of auditory function associated with experimental hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Auditory dysfunction (threshold changes of sound evoked responses) was monitored with an electrode, chronically implanted into the contralateral inferior colliculus. Hypertension was created using the renal encapsulation technique. Auditory function in the hypertension trial demonstrated a dip at higher frequencies as well as improvement at lower frequencies. One gram of cholesterol fed daily for three months was capable of making rabbits atherosclerotic. Cholesterol-fed rabbits showed increasing auditory dysfunction over time at all frequencies. When experimental hypertension was combined with hypercholesterolemia, the auditory changes appeared additive. This work, although in preliminary stages, seems to provide experimental evidence that auditory dysfunction is associated with cholesterol diet.
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PMID:Hypercholesterolemia and auditory dysfunction. Experimental studies. 73 20

Report of a 10-year-old boy with congenital hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts, the socalled MacMahon-Thannhauser-Syndrome. The patient had been suffering from a varying degree of jaundice since his 2nd day of life and from pruritus since his 21st month of life. Furthermore, he had hepatomegaly, a systolic cardiac murmur, hypogenitalism, retarded growth, and finally hypertension. Transitory xanthomas existed between 1 3/4 and 2 3/4 years of age. Signs of persistent intrahepatic cholestasis was manifested by increased levels of bilirubin and bile acids in serum as well as raised activities of leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Pathological values of serum glutamic dehydrogenase pointed to a persistent destruction of liver cells. Without treatment, the activities of vitamin K dependent clotting factors were decreased. Cholesterol, phosphatides and triglycerides in serum were increased and lipoprotein-X was detectable. Aortography revealed stenosis of both renal arteries. An exploratory laparotomy and 5 liver biopsies led to the diagnosis of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Therapeutic trials with steroids and the anion exchange resin "cholestyramine" were ineffective. Phenobarbital relieved the pruritus. Parenteral administration of fat soluble vitamins restored the activity of vitamin K dependent clotting factors to normal. The high blood pressure fell significantly due to treatment with adelphan. The etiology of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts is unknown. It may be a malformation or an obliteration secondary to inflammation. In our patient, narrowing of the renal arteries, increase of plasma-renin activity and hypertension were probably secondary to hyperlipidemia. It has been suggested that hyperlipemia secondary to cholestasis may be due to a disturbance of lipoprotein metabolism. A review of reports on 118 patients suffering from intrahepatic bile ducts hypoplasia is included.
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PMID:[Hypertension and bilateral stenosis of the renal artery associated with congenital hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts (author's transl)]. 124 84

In 1987, a cardiovascular risk profile was obtained on 836 workers of the National Electricity Co in Santiago. There were 714 males and 125 females, the mean age was 45 years (ES +/- 0.3). Hypertension (systolic pressure > 160 or diastolic > 90 mmHg) was present in 17% of subjects, hypercholesterolemia (> 240 mg/dl or > 220 mg/dl associated to 2 other risk factors) in 17%, obesity (> 20% above ideal weight) in 33% and 29% were smokers. An advice to stop smoking, changes in the casino menu and hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterolemia's control programs were offered. These were attended by 108 hypertensives, 141 subjects with hypercholesterolemia and 104 obese individuals with an attendance rate of 64%, 75 and 77% respectively. Measurements repeated 2 years later revealed a reduction in diastolic pressure of 3.3 +/- 1.1 mmHg (p < 0.004) only in adherent subjects. Cholesterol levels were reduced by 24 +/- 3 mg/dl (p < 0.001) with no differences for non participants, adherent and non adherent subjects. Adherent obese subjects reduced their weight by 2.2 +/- 0.4 kg (p < 0.001). There was no change in the number of smokers.
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PMID:[A 2-year follow-up of a program for the control of cardiovascular risk factors among asymptomatic workers]. 134 29

The effects of trandolapril (0.25 mg/kg body wt per 48 hours) on aortic atherosclerosis were examined in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit treated from 3 to 12 months of age. Trandolapril caused a significant decrease in atherosclerotic involvement of the intimal surface of total aorta from 56.3 +/- 5.0% in control Watanabe rabbits to 35.0 +/- 4.1% with treatment (p less than 0.01). The largest reductions were observed in descending thoracic aorta where 21.8 +/- 5.7% of intimal surface was involved in the trandolapril-treated animals versus 54.4 +/- 7.7% in the control group (p less than 0.01). Significant decreases also occurred in ascending aorta/arch and abdominal aortic segments. Cholesterol content of descending thoracic aorta was also significantly reduced in the trandolapril-treated rabbits. The atherosclerotic plaques in aorta from trandolapril-treated rabbits appeared to contain less foam cells and relatively greater amounts of connective tissue than those from control animals. These studies indicate that trandolapril inhibits aortic atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. The similarity in results between the current study and that using captopril suggests that the antiatherosclerotic action of trandolapril and captopril represents a class effect related to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition.
Hypertension 1992 Oct
PMID:Trandolapril inhibits atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. 139 82

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and other risk factors in patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in two clinical samples (1.: 102 patients with PAD 69 M, 33 F, studied in our angiology laboratory, matched for sex and age with 102 healthy volunteers; 2.: 184 hospitalized patients, 80 M, 104 F, mean age 57.2 +/- 10.8, with PAD) and in two epidemiological cohorts (1.: Trabia Study, 835 subjects; 2.: Casteldaccia Study, 723 subjects). All patients were subjected to a full clinical and laboratory examination, including the determination of the ankle/arm pressure ratio (Winsor index, positive for PAD when lower than 0.95). In the first clinical study we observed a significantly (p < 0.01) greater prevalence of arterial hypertension (51.9 vs 9.8%), hypercholesterolemia (48.2 vs 21.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (53.7 vs 26.1%), smoking habit (64.3 vs 44.2%), and hyperglycemia (26 vs 7,9%) in PAD patients than in controls. In the second clinical study considering separately the patients under and over 65 years, all risk factors resulted to be more prevalent in younger people than in the aged, except for diabetes and hypertension. In our epidemiological experience, the prevalence of PAD increases with aging, above all in males. In the Trabia Study the risk factors, more associated with PAD, were hypercholesterolemia, smoking and obesity (41.18%) in males and hypertension and hypercholesterolemia (33.3%) and obesity (25%) in females. In the Casteldaccia Study the most important risk factors were smoking (64.28%), hypercholesterolemia (42.86%) and hypertriglyceridemia (35.71%) in males, and obesity (60%), hypercholesterolemia (30%) and diabetes (20%) in females. Cholesterol levels and smoking were significantly higher in PAD patients than in the general population, whereas hypertriglyceridemia and glycemia were not. Arterial hypertension was significantly associated with PAD in the Trabia but not in the Casteldaccia Study. Obesity was significantly associated to PAD in females in both studies. In the Casteldaccia Study, lower HDL-cholesterol levels were observed in PAD patients, above all in males, whereas significantly greater Apo-B values and lower Apo-A1 levels (in males) were shown. The different levels of associated risk factors and their prevalence in PAD patients confirm the multifactorial pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The exact role of each risk factor in the genesis of PAD is difficult to be evaluated due to the complex biological and statistical interrelationships among different risk factors. However, the management of associated risk factors may favourably influence the risk profile in each patient suffering from PAD.
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PMID:Prevalence of risk factors in patients with peripheral arterial disease. A clinical and epidemiological evaluation. 146 Mar 57

To evaluate the role of glomerular hypertension, glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular lipid deposition, and plasma cholesterol levels in diabetic glomerulopathy, Munich-Wistar rats received streptozocin and daily insulin injections and were assigned to one of three groups: untreated diabetic (DMC), hydralazine-treated diabetic (DMH), and enalapril-treated diabetic (DME). Age-matched control rats were also studied. At 6-10 wk of diabetes, DMC rats showed marked elevations of glomerular pressure and glomerular filtration rate as well as slight glomerular enlargement and cholesterol elevation. DMH and DME rats exhibited arterial hypotension but no change in cholesterol or glomerular volume. Glomerular pressure was normalized by enalapril but not by hydralazine treatment. Additional rats were followed up to 12 mo of diabetes. Slight hypertension was seen in DMC rats, whereas sustained hypotension occurred in DMH and DME rats. Progressive albuminuria occurred in DMC and DMH but not in DME rats. At 12 mo, glomerular hypertension persisted in DMC and DMH rats but was still absent in DME rats. Cholesterol was elevated in DMC and slightly lower in DMH and DME rats. Glomeruli were equally enlarged in the diabetic groups. Glomerular sclerotic lesions and lipid deposits appeared in DMC and DMH but not in DME rats. These findings are consistent with the notion that glomerular hypertension may promote glomerular injury in experimental diabetes. Glomerular lipid deposition may also participate in this process, although a causal relationship was not demonstrated. Glomerular hypertrophy and cholesterol were unrelated to glomerular injury, although they may have exacerbated hemodynamically mediated damage.
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PMID:Glomerular abnormalities in long-term experimental diabetes. Role of hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic factors and effects of antihypertensive therapy. 155 88

The evidence is growing that not only total cholesterol, but also HDL cholesterol is an important predictor of coronary heart disease. In the Framingham Study, the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio gave the best prediction for the coronary heart disease risk. With data of the Netherlands Monitoring Risk Factor Project it was investigated to what extent persons with a high ratio (greater than or equal to 7) were identified when the criteria of the Netherlands Cholesterol Consensus were applied. Between 1987 and 1989 total and HDL cholesterol were determined in about 22,000 men and women aged 20-59. Twenty per cent of the men had hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol greater than or equal to 6.5 mmol/l). Of the hypercholesterolaemic men, 60 per cent did not have a high total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Eighteen per cent of the women were hypercholesterolaemic. Of all hypercholesterolaemic women, 80 per cent did not have a high total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Therefore, it is important that after a first screening on total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol is measured at the second cholesterol determination. Subsequently, a decision about treatment should be made, based on the total/HDL cholesterol ratio and the presence of other risk factors (hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes and a family history of cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[The importance of HDL-cholesterol level determination in the classification of persons at increased risk of coronary heart disease]. 160 47


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