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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four conscious male Wistar rats with hypertension induced by left renal artery clipping (two-kidney hypertension) were infused intravenously with 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II a competitive angiotensin II antagonist. The spectrum of responses was wide, ranging from a mild elevation in blood pressure to a marked fall in blood pressure, despite effective and specific angiotensin blockade in all cases. The change in blood pressure during 1-Sar-8-Ala-AII infusion activity showed a significant correlation with the level of plasma renin prevailing immediately before the infusion (r = - 0.78, P less than 0.01) but not with the prevailing blood urea level (r = 0.27, 0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05), the drgree of hypertension (r = 0.42, 0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05), or the time since clipping (r = 0.02, P greater than 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the degree of hypertension and the plasma renin activity (r = 0.42, 0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05). In rats with blood pressure drops greater than 20 mm Hg in response to 1-Sar-8-Ala-AII, the final blood pressure level was still above the normotensive range. Excision of the clipped kidney reduced blood pressure to normal or to near normal within 24 hours in all of the rats tested. It is concluded that the degree of dependence of renal hypertension on the renin-angiotensin system is directly related to the increase in circulating angiotensin itself and not to an increase in sensitivity to angiotensin. Other factors appear to be involved in renal clip hypertension in addition to circulating renin and angiotensin, especially when the measured activity of plasma renin is normal.
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PMID:Effect of the angiotensin II blocker 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II on renal artery clip hypertension in the rat. 119 61

8 patients suffering from acute renal failure (shock kidney) with anuria extending over 3 to 5 days, were treated with L-thyroxine for 5 to 9 days (5-6 mug per kg body weight per day orally). Diuresis was restored within 34 to 46 hrs. Plasma levels of urea and creatinine decreased earlier and much more rapidly to normal than was to be expected from the natural history of the disease, indicating the prompt and extensive increase of glomerular filtration rate. Polyuria seemed less pronounced and also shortened as compared with the ordinary course of that form of sudden renal insufficiency. Obviously, the well-known diuretic response in the normal individual to high doses of thyroid hormones in not a factor in the induction of diuresis in acute renal failure. The tendency with L-thyroxine treatment to dilate the preglomerular arterial vessel is considered a consequence of the stimulation of sodium reabsorption in the upper nephron. High values of RPF and GFR, regularly observed in hyperthyroidism or after L-thyroxine administration, do not depend on any augmentation of cardiac output or on arterial hypertension, since such symptoms were missed in our patients and, in our view, such an interpretation is excluded by the very existence of the so-called autoregulation of the kidney which leaves RPF (and therefore GFR) independent of systemic blood pressure. The same intrarenal feed-back mechanism, normally adapting the glomerular blood supply to the resorptive capacity of the proximal-tubular epithelium (mediation via the juxta-glomerular apparatus), is responsible for the GFR- and RPF-raising effect of exogenous L-thyroxine in the intact kidney as well as in acute renal failure: both sodium reabsorption and sodium filtration are accelerated.--The special conditions under which L-thyroxine interferes with the pathogenetic process of acute renal failure, the latter being characterised by the critical insufficiency of tubular sodium reabsorption and therefore by preglomerular arterial constriction, is discussed on the basis of a new hypothesis concerning the thyrogenic nephrotropic effects in general.
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PMID:[Thyroxine treatment in acute renal failure (author's transl)]. 119 15

Both the average serum uric acid and annual increment were determined in 250 treated patients attending a hypertension clinic. The average serum uric acid was greater in men compared with women, in patients receiving a thiazide diuretic and in patients with a high average plasma urea. The mean annual increment in uric acid was close to zero (0.0017 mmol/litre per year) and was not related to sex, age, blood pressure control, diuretic therapy, or plasma urea. There was an unexplained positive association between annual increment and methyldopa therapy though this drug was not associated with a significantly high average serum uric acid. A table is presented giving the theoretical upper limits for average serum uric acid according to sex, plasma urea concentration, and whether or not a thiazide diuretic has been prescribed. It is hoped that this table will be of assistance in assessing the normality or otherwise of a high serum uric acid found in a hypertensive patient.
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PMID:Serum uric acid in hypertensive patients. 122 35

In rats with unilateral renal artery stenosis and an intact contralateral kidney, a malignant course of hypertension (MH) may develop, which is characterized by 1) high BP levels, 2) sodium and water loss and a polyuric-polydipsic syndrome, 3) marked activation of the renin-angiotensin system, 4) malignant nephrosclerosis in the contralateral kidney and high plasma urea concentrations, and 5) deterioration of the animals' general condition. (Some rats exhibit signs of a cerebral vascular crisis; some rats die). When such rats are offered in addition to water 0.9% NaCl, they compulsively drink the saline, BP falls for some days to levels found in the other hypertensive animals, and signs of MH nearly or completely disappear. It is concluded that high saline intake has, for a limited period, a beneficial effect on the malignant course of renal hypertension in rats. The observations made are consistent with the hypothesis that salt and water loss, which ensue subsequent to an increase of BP into a critical high range might trigger the onset of malignant hypertension.
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PMID:Effects of saline drinking on malignant course of renal hypertension in rats. 126 89

Investigations covered 64 women in the III trimester of pregnancy. In this group 34 were with diagnosed primary arterial hypertension (examined group), and 30 were apparently healthy (control group). In both groups the blood serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid and electrolytes were determined. Creatinine clearance and acid-base balance were determined in these cases also. In 24 hours urine samples the NH4+, H+, Na+ and K+ ions concentrations were established. Impaired kidney function was shown in the patients from the examined group.
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PMID:[Kidney function in pregnant women with primary arterial hypertension]. 130 10

In 53 pregnant patients in the III trimester of pregnancy kidney function investigations were carried. The group consisted of 23 patients with chronic kidney diseases with superimposed arterial hypertension (examined group) and of 30 healthy pregnant women (control group). In the examined group an increase of blood-serum urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations were demonstrated. In these women the blood pH was decreased also. The urinary excretion of NH4+ and H+ ions was decreased, the excretion of Na+ and K+ was normal.
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PMID:[Kidney function in pregnant women with hypertension in the course of chronic kidney disease]. 130 11

The urinary and blood serum activity of alpha-amylase was tested in 34 women with arterial hypertension in the III trimester of pregnancy (examined group). The results were compared with a control group of healthy women (35 urine samples and 108 blood-serum samples). In both groups other biochemical examinations were carried additionally (the serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, electrolytes and the acid-base balance levels were established). In the examined group an increased activity of the alpha-amylase in the blood serum was demonstrated.
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PMID:[Alpha-amylase in serum and urine of women with hypertension during the III trimester of pregnancy]. 130 12

This article reports the case of a rapidly severe stenosis of the right renal artery, causing uncontrolled hypertension. After failure of a percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, which provoked the thrombosis of the vessel, a surgical revascularization was performed after +/- eighteen hours of renal ischemia. Blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine returned to normal values. A dramatic improvement of the right renal function was attested at the hippuran scintigraphy after a dose test of captopril. The results of renographic studies obtained in this clinical case underline the role of the captopril radionuclide test in detection and follow-up after treatment of renovascular hypertension.
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PMID:Role of the captopril test in renovascular hypertension: a case report. 144 67

Orthotopic heart transplant recipients treated with immunosuppressive regimens based on cyclosporine have a high incidence of hypertension. Cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity characterized by afferent glomerular arteriolar vasoconstriction also develops in these patients. Calcium channel antagonists produce afferent glomerular arteriolar vasodilation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) dilate the efferent arteriole and have been suggested to decrease glomerular filtration rate in subjects taking cyclosporine. To test the hypothesis that calcium channel antagonists would improve glomerular filtration rate in heart transplant patients receiving ACEI treatment, we reviewed the charts of our patients whose treatment for hypertension had been changed from an ACEI to a calcium channel antagonist. A change in renal function was assessed by the average of serum creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine clearance within 3 months before and after the change from ACEI to calcium channel antagonist. Blood pressure was assessed on two different occasions before and after conversion to calcium channel antagonist. The data were analyzed by a paired Student t test. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels decreased significantly when patients were treated with calcium channel antagonists (p < 0.05). Creatinine clearance increased in all patients when the treatment was converted to a calcium channel antagonist (CCA) (ACEI = 56.4 +/- 19.3 ml/min versus CCA = 71.06 +/- 23.77, N = 9; p < 0.005). A 5-mm Hg decrease occurred in mean arterial pressure when treatment was changed from ACEI to calcium channel antagonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of calcium channel antagonists on renal function in hypertensive heart transplant recipients. 145 46

A cross-sectional survey of the prescription and monitoring of diuretic drugs for long-term use was performed in a Nottinghamshire training practice, which has 7619 patients. It was found that 330 patients were long-term users of diuretic drugs, with 79% of these patients aged 60 years or over. Twenty three different diuretic drugs were prescribed with a total cost of 13,643 pounds per year. A few drugs accounted for a disproportionate amount of the total cost, with combination diuretic drugs being particularly expensive. The most common indications for the prescription of diuretic drugs were hypertension and congestive cardiac failure. General practitioners initiated the prescribing of diuretic drugs in 87% of cases, with only a small proportion being prescribed by hospital doctors. One third of the patients had no record of urea and electrolyte levels in their notes after commencing treatment with a diuretic drug. On the basis of these findings recommendations are made for the initiation and monitoring of the long-term use of diuretic drugs.
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PMID:Prescription of diuretic drugs and monitoring of long-term use in one general practice. 149 9


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