Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The life-stage approach, which views the behaviours and exposures of an individual from the preconceptual situation of the parent through pregnancy, infancy, childhood and adolescence, and into the advancing years through adulthood, is the basis of analysis of strategies to improve long-term health. Among the behaviours of note is the dietary selection pattern, conditioning our exposure to nutrients and dietary constituents that influences growth, nutriture, cognitive and physical performance, and disease resistance and susceptibility. The African Diaspora created a population displaced from Africa to the Western Hemisphere as part of the African slave trade from the 16th to 18th centuries. It continues to manifest distinct dietary and lifestyle practices in the context of a health experience that is different both from the population in their African countries of origin and from the other ethnicities in their countries of displacement and current residence. Afro-Americans are more susceptible to a series of diseases and conditions including low birth weight, violence, and HIV/AIDS, as well as the non-communicable diseases: obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, renal failure, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lead poisoning. The differential nature of dietary practices are conditioned at times by the poverty and marginalisation of the populace, resulting in either disadvantageous or beneficial outcomes relative to others' eating habits. Serious consideration must be given to the possibility that ethnic difference give rise to different requirements and tolerances for essential nutrients and distinct protective or adverse responses to foods and dietary substances. The major challenges to health improvement for the African Diaspora is coming to grips with the policy and programmatic nuances of differential treatment and the effecting the behavioural changes that would be needed in a population skeptical of the motives of media and of the power elites of their societies.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003
PMID:Diet and long-term health: an African Diaspora perspective. 1450 96

This study was undertaken to understand the health status of elderly people and to gather some information about their perceived health needs. This study was conducted in the north-western part of Dhaka district in the year 1999-2000. People aged over 60 years constituted about 3.5% of the total population with more than half (55.6%) belonging to the middle class and another one third to the lower class. Elderly people made up 5.7% of all out-patient consultations and 6.9% of all in-patient admissions. Hypertension, peptic ulcer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia, skin diseases and anaemia were common among these people. Only 14% of the elderly people in this rural area were insured, but these insured people constituted about half (48%) of the in-patient and 90% of the out-patient elderly patients. Thus insurance has significantly increased their health care access (p<0.05). Provision of free health care, drugs at a cheaper price, services at their doorsteps, free ambulance service and allocation of old age allowance were some of their notable demands. A cheaper, accessible and effective geriatric health care service with an emphasis on health promotion, income generating activities and rehabilitation programme should be developed to protect the health and well being of the elderly people.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2003
PMID:Health needs and health status of the elderly in rural Bangladesh. 1462 Apr 91

Formerly, fewer than 1% of patients with hypertension were believed to have primary hyperaldosteronism; however, recent studies have suggested a higher prevalence, in 5% to 10% of patients with hypertension. Hypokalemia is not necessary for the diagnosis and is probably a sign of more advanced disease. The best diagnostic test is the plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity (PAC/PRA) ratio. Excess aldosterone level has a deleterious effect on the cardiovascular system. Aldosteronomas should be differentiated from idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA),because they are curable by laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
 ...
PMID:Clinical manifestation of aldosteronoma. 1514 41

The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of dietary and health supplement use among Australians aged 65 years and over, and to contrast the health differences between supplement users and non-supplement users. Data was obtained from 1,263 randomly selected older Australians, who provided general demographic data, in addition to information related to their health, symptoms experienced and uses of medication, including dietary supplements. Supplement use was reported by 43% of the sample (52% of females and 35% of males). This investigation has revealed distinct differences in the health profile of older supplement users compared to non-users. Although there was no difference in the number of visits to medical doctors or self-rated health status between supplement users and non-supplement users, supplement users were more likely to report arthritis and osteoporosis, and experience more symptoms and consume more medication than non-supplement users. In contrast, there was a reduced likelihood of taking a supplement for those with hypertension and by those using blood pressure medication and heart tablets. These results suggest that older dietary supplement users may benefit from education and professional advice to assist them make appropriate and informed choices, particularly if they expect these preparations to attenuate their health concerns.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2004
PMID:Health characteristics of older Australian dietary supplement users compared to non-supplement users. 1556 42

Chronic illness is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity among the elderly. To determine the prevalence and factors associated with chronic illness among the elderly in a rural community setting. A cross sectional study design was used. Stratified proportionate cluster sampling method was used to select respondents in Mukim Sepang, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Out of 263 elderly residents (6.2% of the total population), 223 agreed to participate in the study giving a response rate of 84.8%. The prevalence of chronic illness among the elderly in Mukim Sepang was 60.1%. Out of 223 respondents, 134 were diagnosed as having chronic illness such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, bronchial asthma or gout. Chronic illness was found to be significantly associated with functional dependence among the elderly (chi2=6.863, df=1, p<0.05). The prevalence of chronic illness among the elderly in the rural community is very high. Problems facing this age-group should be addressed comprehensively in order to formulate appropriate programmes for the health care of the elderly.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2004
PMID:Factors associated with chronic illness among the elderly in a rural community in Malaysia. 1562 88

Previous studies have suggested the need to revise the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off values for the various indices of obesity and fat distribution in Singapore. The purpose of this study was to delineate cut-off points of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and waist-stature ratio (WSR) as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors in Singaporean women. Anthropometric indices were measured in a cross sectional survey of 566 subjects (60% Chinese individuals, 28% Malay individuals and 12% Indian individuals). Cardiovascular risk factors were determined by measuring blood pressure, serum lipids, and fasting blood glucose levels. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine cut-off points. Forward logistic regression and area under curves (AUC) were used to determine the best anthropometric index. For at least one cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus), the cut-off points for BMI, WHR, WC and WSR were around 23.6 kg/m(2), 0.80, 77.8 cm and 0.48 for Singaporean females. The AUC of WSR was the highest for all three risk factors in females (0.79 for hypertension, 0.70 for dyslipidaemia, 0.88 for diabetes mellitus). Regression analyses revealed that WSR was independently associated with all risk factors. For Singaporean female adults, the cut-off points were lower than the criteria suggested by the WHO, but were in agreement with those reported for Asians. BMI, WHR, WC and WSR may be used as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors, of which WSR may be the best anthropometric index.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2005
PMID:Anthropometric indices as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors in Singaporean women. 1573 11

Traditional risk factors do not appear to explain fully the variation in the incidence of the cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Epidemiological studies have not been entirely consistent with regard to the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and CVD and there appears to be little data on this relationship in non-Caucasian populations. This study aimed to investigate the dietary intake of vitamin A, C, and vitamin E, and carotenoids, serum concentrations of vitamin E and A and indices of lipid peroxidation were measured in male Saudi patients with established CVD and age-matched controls. We assessed the dietary intakes of vitamins A, C, and E and carotenoids, by a food frequency questionnaire. Serum vitamins A and E concentrations were measured by HPLC, in 130 Saudi male subjects with established CVD, and 130 age-matched controls. We also determined serum lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C), lipoprotein (a), oxidized LDL, and serum lipid peroxide concentrations. Diabetes mellitus (P<0.0001), a positive smoking habit (P<0.0001) and hypertension (P<0.05) were more prevalent among CVD patients. Levels of dietary vitamin E and A were also significantly higher among cases. In conditional logistic regression analysis, the most significant characteristics differentiating CVD patients from controls were diabetes mellitus (Odds ratio 2.49, CI 1.42-4.37, P<0.001), total fat intake (Odds ratio 1.02, CI 1.01-1.03, P<0.01), serum vitamin A (Odds ratio 0.72, CI 0.53-0.99, P<0.05), and the vitamin A/total fat intake ratio (Odds ratio 1.04, CI 1.01-1.06, P<0.01). In a Saudi population, smoking habit and hypertension were significantly more common among patients with CVD. Multivariate analysis showed that dietary total fat and vitamin A and the presence of diabetes mellitus were independent coronary risk factors. This is the first report of a potentially deleterious effect of dietary vitamin A in a non-Caucasian population. However it is possible that unidentified residual confounding factors may account for this finding.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2005
PMID:Dietary vitamin A may be a cardiovascular risk factor in a Saudi population. 1592 30

Long-term type 2 diabetes can lead to numerous biological complications, such as hypertension and cardio-vascular disease. Key enzymes involved in the enzymatic breakdown of complex carbohydrates,pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidase, have been targeted as potential avenues for modulation of type 2 diabetes-associated post-prandial hyperglycemia through mild inhibition of their enzymatic activities so as to decrease meal-derived glucose absorption. Further, inhibition of hypertension-linked angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) was targeted as a potential approach for modulation of diabetes-linked hypertension. Water-soluble extracts of soybean optimized for phenolic content via sprouting or bioprocessing by dietary fungus (Rhizopus oligosporus, Lentinus edodes) were investigated for inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA), yeast alpha-glucosidase, and rabbit lung ACE in vitro. PPA was allowed to react with each phenolic-optimized extract and the derivatized enzyme-phytochemical mixtures obtained were characterized for residual amylase activity. Alpha-glucosidase and ACE activities were determined in the presence of each phenolic-optimized extract. All of the soybean extracts possessed marked anti-amylase activity, with extracts of R. oligosporus-bioprocessed soybean having the strongest inhibitory activity, but only slight anti-glucosidase activity. The anti-amylase activity of each extract seemed associated with extract antioxidant activity. Anti-enzyme activity was slightly associated with total soluble phenolic content per se, but seemed more associated to the length of sprouting or bioprocessing of the soybean substrate. Short-term sprouting or bioprocessing seemed to improve anti-amylase activity, while long-term sprouting or bioprocessing seemed to aid anti-glucosidase activity. While ACE activity was strongly inhibited by all of the soybean extracts (44-97%), only sprouting was found to increase this inhibition and bioprocessing of soybean with L. edodes decreased inhibitory activity of soybean extract. The results suggest that sprouting and dietary fungal bioprocessing of soybean improve the anti-diabetic potential of soybean extracts, potentially through modulation of the phenolic profile of the extract, and further suggest that enzyme inhibitory activity may be linked to phenolic antioxidant mobilization during spouting and/ or bioprocessing. The significance of food-grade, plant-based enzyme inhibitors for modulation of carbohydrate breakdown and control of glycemic index of foods in the context of preventing hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus complications such as hypertension in the long-term is hypothesized and discussed.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2005
PMID:Anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive potential of sprouted and solid-state bioprocessed soybean. 1592 31

Insufficient growth and rarefaction of capillaries, followed by endothelial dysfunction may represent one of the most critical mechanisms involved in heart damage. In this study we examined histochemical and ultrastructural changes in myocardial capillary endothelium in two models of heart failure streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ) and NO-deficient hypertension in male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single i.v. dose of STZ (45 mg/kg) and chronic 9-week stage was analysed. To induce NO-deficient hypertension, animals were treated with inhibitor of NO synthase L-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Left ventricular tissue was processed for enzyme catalytic histochemistry of capillary alkaline phosphatase (AlPh), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), and endothelial NO synthase/NADPH-diaphorase (NOS) and for ultrastructural analysis. In diabetic and hypertensive rats, lower/absent AlPh and DPP IV activities were found in focal micro-areas. NOS activity was significantly reduced and persisted only locally. Quantitative evaluation demonstrated reduction of reaction product intensity of AlPh, DPP and NOS by 49.50%, 74.36%, 20.05% in diabetic and 62.93%, 82.71%, 37.65% in hypertensive rats. Subcellular alterations of endothelial cells were found in heart of both groups suggesting injury of capillary function as well as compensatory processes. Endothelial injury was more significant in diabetic animals, in contrast the adaptation was more evident in hypertensive ones. CONCLUDING: both STZ-induced diabetes- and NO-deficient hypertension-related cardiomyopathy were accompanied by similar features of structural remodelling of cardiac capillary network manifested as angiogenesis and angiopathy. The latter was however, predominant and may accelerate disappearance of capillary endothelium contributing to myocardial dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructure and histochemistry of rat myocardial capillary endothelial cells in response to diabetes and hypertension. 1604 16

This paper shares 2000 data on Native Hawaiian health and compares the 2000 data with data from 1982 and 1990. The findings suggest that Native Hawaiians continue to die at younger ages than Hawai'i residents in other ethnic groups, have a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and asthma than other ethnic groups, and have higher rates of smoking, drinking, and being overweight. Compared to earlier years, however, smoking and drinking prevalence has decreased, and more Native Hawaiians are getting physical exams and other screening exams. These improvements may be related to increases in Native Hawaiian health professionals, supported by the Native Hawaiian Health Scholarship Program, and to increased access to health education and to care through outreach programs such as the Native Hawaiian Health Care Systems and the Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program. If these programs are allowed to continue and to expand, we should see an improvement in overall health status of Native Hawaiians.
Pac Health Dialog 2004 Sep
PMID:Native Hawaiians mortality, morbidity, and lifestyle: comparing data from 1982, 1990, and 2000. 1628 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>