Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With improvements in life expectancy and as more and more people have access to modern medicine, non-communicable diseases are emerging as a health problem in both urban and rural communities in Myanmar. Of all non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known to be the major health problem. Since many studies that have been conducted in both developed and developing countries have shown a difference between rural and urban communities with regard to cardiovascular diseases, our study had the objective of finding out the prevalence of ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease and rheumatic heart disease in a rural and urban community. The risk of obesity and smoking in the occurrence of CVD was also studied. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three urban townships of Yangon City (Sanchaung, Latha and Pabedan) and one rural township of Hmawbi. The results showed that CVD were a health problem in both the urban and rural communities. Coronary heart disease was seen to be more prevalent in the urban townships than in the rural Hmawbi Township, but hypertension (HT) and rheumatic heart diseases (RHD) were more prevalent in the rural township of Hmawbi. Obesity which has been blamed as the major risk factor for CHD and HT in the developed countries was not found to be a risk factor in the study townships, but smoking was.
Asia Pac J Public Health
PMID:Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in rural area of Hmawbi and urban Yangon city. 134 45

The relationship between plasma renin (PRC) and aldosterone (PAC) concentrations was determined in 83 normal third trimester pregnant women (P), 50 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and 80 age-matched nonpregnant women not taking oral contraceptives (NP). Normal pregnant women had a slightly higher 24-h urine sodium: creatinine ratio than the other groups (P less than .001) (NP: 10 +/- 4 v P: 15 +/- 8 v PIH: 12 +/- 7; mean +/- SD). Both PRC and PAC were higher in normal pregnant women as was the ratio PAC:PRC [normal pregnant 195 (158 to 337) v nonpregnant 130 (101 to 209), median (interquartile range); P less than .001]. This was accompanied by a slightly reduced slope (sensitivity) of the logPRC-logPAC relationship in normal pregnant women (P less than .05). Women with PIH had reduced PRC and PAC compared with normal pregnant women but a two-fold greater increase in PAC:PRC ratio [PIH 411 (277 to 598) v normal pregnancy 195 (158 to 337), P less than .001], with a rise in the slope (sensitivity) of the logPRC-logPAC relationship in women with PIH (P less than .001). Thus there is proportionately greater aldosterone release in the third trimester of normal pregnancy than in nonpregnant women. This preferential increase in aldosterone may be due to altered adrenal sensitivity to angiotensin II or may reflect enhanced nonangiotensin stimulation of aldosterone during pregnancy. Women with PIH have reduced PRC and PAC but relatively greater stimulation of aldosterone than normal pregnant women, possibly due to enhanced sensitivity of the adrenal glands to angiotensin II.
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PMID:Renin-aldosterone relationships in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 152 61

The study was undertaken to clarify the role of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in essential hypertension (EH). Plasma levels of alpha-human ANP (alpha hANP) were measured in 13 normal subjects, 25 patients with EH, 5 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), 3 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) and 3 patients with pheochromocytoma (PC). Plasma level of alpha hANP (normal: 38.1 +/- 20.5pg/ml) was high in all hypertensive subjects. Synthetic alpha hANP was intravenously administrated to these subjects as follows: first a dose of 0.01 microgram/kg/min for 30 minutes, second a dose of 0.03 microgram/kg/min for 30 minutes, and then in normal subjects and EH 0.03 microgram/kg/min with a dose of 6.5 micrograms/kg/min of metoclopramide (MC) for 30 minutes. After the infusion of 0.01 microgram/kg/min alpha hANP, arterial blood pressure was significantly depressed in EH, RVH and PA, but not in PC. Marked diuretic and natriuretic responses were observed with increase in creatinine clearance and fractional sodium excretion in EH, RVH and PA, but not in PC. Sodium clearance/lithium clearance was slightly increased after infusion of 0.03 microgram/kg/min of alpha hANP in hypertensive subjects. Plasma renin activity did not change in low and normal renin EH and PA after infusion of either dose of alpha hANP, but was suppressed after 0.03 microgram/kg/min of alpha hANP in normal subjects and high renin EH, RVH and PC. Plasma aldosterone concentration was suppressed after either dose of alpha hANP in normal subjects and in EH, RVH and PC, but not in PA. Plasma cGMP concentration and urinary cGMP excretion were decreased after either dose of alpha hANP in both normal and hypertensive subjects. Furthermore, the decrease of PAC by alpha hANP was normalized by MC in normal subjects and EH. The rise in plasma cGMP by alpha hANP was suppressed by MC in both normal subjects and EH, but no changes were observed in arterial blood pressure and natriuretic response. These results suggest that alpha hANP secretion increases with elevation of blood pressure in EH, improving increase of circulatory blood volume, and alpha hANP may play a role in elevating blood pressure in EH. Moreover, it is considered that ANP increases sodium and water excretion through its effect on both renal glomeruli and distal tubules in EH. Hypotensive and natriuretic effects of ANP in EH may be concerned with dopaminergic activity which are probably related to the production of cGMP in the vascular wall and inhibition of the excretion of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex.
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PMID:[The significance of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the cause of essential hypertension]. 165 13

To assess the potential role of the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway in the vasculature in an angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent model of hypertension, we investigated the effect of LO pathway inhibition on blood pressure in the two-kidney, one-clip (2K,1C) Goldblatt hypertensive rat. The development of renovascular hypertension in 2K,1C rats was attenuated by oral administration of phenidone (Phe, 60 mg.kg-1.day-1), a nonselective LO inhibitor, throughout the 3 wk of observation after renal artery constriction. In contrast, the same treatment protocol had no effect on the evolution of hypertension in the deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rat, which is considered to be an ANG II-independent form of hypertension. The hypotensive effect of Phe was not associated with changes in plasma renin or aldosterone concentration (PRC and PAC, respectively). In vitro synthesis of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) by aortic segments was increased in 2K,1C hypertensive rats compared with sham-operated rats. In addition, the synthesis of 12-HETE was suppressed by the in vitro addition of Phe (10(-4) M) to aortic-segment incubates obtained from 2K,1C rats and sham-operated rats. Acute administration of Phe (30 or 60 mg/kg) in 2K,1C hypertensive rats produced a rapid and sustained decrease in mean blood pressure (MBP). This decrease in MBP was accompanied by a brisk rise in PRC and PAC. In contrast, bolus administration of indomethacin, a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not affect MBP, PRC, or PAC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Inhibition of lipoxygenase pathway reduces blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats. 212 26

The ethical distribution of health care is a central issue now that AIDS has started to be a drain on health care resources. If the worst predictions are true, the next half century will be capitalized by a great stress of the health care delivery system in the Pacific. The critical challenges that face the current leadership are: sustaining commitment to all levels of administration to reduce social and health inequities; making sound decisions on policies, priorities and goals that are based on valid information; strengthen health infrastructure, based on the principle of primary health care, including appropriate distribution of staffing, skills, technology and resources. The goals of the Pacific Health Promotion and Development center must not focus exclusively on AIDs. Hepatitis B control measures, hypertension and diabetes, primary care in remote areas, and rehabilitation initiatives must be kept in place. Humanitarian interests for AIDs patients must be balanced with the pragmatic reality of saving children's hearing, or extending useful lives. The attributes of respect, accountability, leadership, judgement, fairness, integrity and honesty controlled by principles of social justice must be part of the administrative decision making process. The 2 major issues facing public health professional are: (1) the financial considerations involved with increasingly expensive technology, services and research, contrasted against the need to prioritize their use and development; (2) pragmatic and ideological needs must be balanced to maximize preventative and curative services and make them available to those who can benefit from them.
Asia Pac J Public Health 1989
PMID:The ethics of health service delivery: a challenge to public health leadership. 262 19

This study examines renal function in different rat models of renovascular hypertension. Hypertension was induced by constriction of the aorta proximal to the renal artery (PAC), by PAC and nephrectomy (PAC + Nx) or by renal artery stenosis (RAS). PAC + Nx is equivalent to the Goldblatt 1 kidney-I clip hypertension model. The PAC rats were studied 3 weeks after surgery. Hypertension was by then well established. GFR, measured as the clearance of inulin, was significantly lower in PAC rats than in control (C) rats. GFR was the same in PAC + Nx rats as in C rats, but significantly lower in PAC + Nx than in Nx rats. Kidney weight was significantly higher in PAC + Nx rats than in C rats. Filtration fraction (FF), measured as the ratio between GFR and the clearance of PAH, was significantly higher in PAC and PAC + Nx rats than in C and Nx rats. In RAS rats hypertension was not established until 6 weeks after surgery, and RAS is equivalent to Goldblatt 2 kidney-I clip hypertension. Renal artery constriction was moderate as judged from the weight ratio between the stenosed and contralateral kidneys. The GFR in the stenosed kidney was not significantly lower in the contralateral kidney. FF was significantly higher in RAS rats than in C rats in both the stenosed and the contralateral kidneys, but the increase was less pronounced than in PAC and PAC + Nx rats.
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PMID:Renal function in different forms of renovascular hypertension in rats. 275 May 42

Recently we reported that the contractile agonist angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (Geisterfer AAT, Peach MJ, Owens GK: Angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 1988;62:749-756). We have further explored the hypothesis that contractile agonists are important regulators of smooth muscle cell growth by examining the effects of another contractile agonist, arginine vasopressin, on growth of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Autoradiographic analysis as well as cell number determinations showed that arginine vasopressin (1 microM) did not stimulate proliferation in cells made quiescent in a defined serum-free media nor did it augment proliferation in 0.4% fetal bovine serum. However, flow cytometric analysis of cellular protein content demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (1 microM) did induce cellular hypertrophy in quiescent cultures after 4 days of treatment, increasing smooth muscle cell protein content by 35% as compared with vehicle-treated controls. The increase in protein content showed a concentration dependence. Cellular hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in [35S]methionine incorporation, which was elevated 45% by 24 hours. Both the increase in [35S]methionine incorporation and the increase in protein content could be prevented by the specific arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist. [1-beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine] arginine vasopressin. An increase in [35S]methionine incorporation was observed between 12 and 24 hours after treatment of quiescent smooth muscle cells for only 5 minutes with arginine vasopressin (1 microM). Arginine vasopressin-induced increases in [35S]methionine incorporation was increased within 6 hours after treatment. These studies show that arginine vasopressin, like angiotensin II, induces hypertrophy but not hyperplasia of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
Hypertension 1989 Oct
PMID:Arginine vasopressin-induced hypertrophy of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. 279 15

The atoll community of Fenuafala was surveyed during July-August, 1987. A disproportionate demographic structure was found: There was a large, young population with an uneven sex distribution in the adolescent cohorts. Adoption of relatives was frequent. Employment varied according to sex, with women restricted from horticulture, fisheries, and hard labour. The use of alcohol and tobacco was common. Causes of mortality included cancer, heart failure, meningitis, alcoholism, and accidents. Bacterial and fungal skin infections were prevalent. There were several cases of congenital disorders. Malaria, leprosy, and most other tropical diseases were absent. However, there was a single case of filariasis. Musculoskeletal disorders were numerous and more common among women. Falls from trees have resulted in serious sequelae including epilepsy and death. Hypertension, diabetes, and gout appear to be on the increase, but angina and myocardial infarction were not reported. There were also cases of epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.
Asia Pac J Public Health 1989
PMID:Fenuafala health survey: the ecology of health and disease on a coral atoll village. 280 43

The present study was designed to clarify the role of serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in the occurrence and maintenance of hypertension in essential hypertension (EH). For this purpose, following experiments were carried out: 1) Correlations between serum ACE activity and renin activity (PRA), aldosterone concentration (PAC) and bradykinin concentration (PBC) in plasma, and blood pressure (BP) as well as serum creatinine levels. 2) Circadian rhythm of serum ACE activity. and 3) Effect of furosemide, upright posture, both furosemide and upright posture, propranolol, indomethacin, 9 alpha-fluorocortisol or angiotensin II (A-II) on the serum ACE activity, PRA, PAC and circulating plasma volume (CPV). The following results were obtained: The serum ACE activity was 30.2 +/- 5.0 U/ml (means +/- SD) in EH as a group, which was significantly higher than that (27.3 +/- 3.9 U/ml) in age matched normotensive subjects (NT) (p less than 0.001). While there was no significant difference in the enzyme activity between low-renin EH (LREH) and NT, a significant difference was found between normal- (NREH) or high-renin EH (NREH) and NT (p less than 0.05 for NREH, p less than 0.01 for HREH). A negative correlation was observed between enzyme activity and age in EH (r = -0.221, 0.05 less than p less than 0.10) as well as in NT (r = -0.306, p less than 0.05). No significant relationships were observed between enzyme activity and BP in either EH or NT. There was a significant positive correlation between enzyme activity and PRA in NT. (r = 0.501, p less than 0.001), NREH (r = 0.658, p less than 0.001) and HREH (r = 0.695, p less than 0.001). However, no significant relationship was found between them in LREH. The enzyme activity was significantly correlated to PAC in NT (r = 0.368, p less than 0.01), NREH (r = 0.567, p less than 0.001) and HREH (r = 0.529, p less than 0.01), but not in LREH. Although no significant correlation was observed between enzyme activity and PBC in NT, NREH and HREH, a significant relationship was found in LREH (r = -0.460, 0.05 less than p less than 0.10). The enzyme activity was not related to serum creatinine levels in EH as well as in NT. In NT, the serum levels of ACE activity reached a maximum values at 6:00 a.m. or 9:00 a.m., and gradually decreased between 6:00 p.m. and 3:00 a.m. An almost similar circadian rhythm of enzyme activity was found in EH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical significance of serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme in essential hypertension]. 300 63

The lack of effect of treatment of mild hypertension on the coronary heart disease has motivated researches for a better diagnosis of hypertension. One of the approaches presently under study uses the recording of ambulatory blood pressure using semi-automatic devices. The usefulness of these apparatus is however restricted by the lack of reference values recorded in normotensive control patients. We have recorded ambulatory blood pressure (PAA) in 24 normotensives, 22 untreated hypertensives and 45 treated hypertensive patients, and compared the data obtained to the blood pressure recorded during medical examination (PAC). If a good correlation is usually observed between PAA and PAC, very large and unpredictable discordances are frequently observed. No correlation is found between the difference PAA-PAC and the variability of PAA. This variability does not fully explain the difference observed between PAA and PAC. This variability expressed in mmHg increases with age and the level of BP. Ambulatory BP appears to be a very reproducible value which may allow to improve the definition of hypertension and there-fore the cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:[Does ambulatory blood pressure measurement allow a better definition of arterial hypertension?]. 314 11


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