Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abnormal liver tests, as well as morphological changes in the liver, are frequent among obese patients. Other frequent disturbances are visceral fat accumulation, insulin resistance, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension; these are set of aberrations known as the metabolic syndrome. In order to investigate a possible relationship between the metabolic syndrome and impaired liver status we examined associations between liver tests, metabolic variables (insulin, glucose, and triglycerids), body composition and nutrition in 1,083 men (BMI 28.8-63.8 kg/m2) and 1,367 women (BMI 26.7-68.0 kg/m2) in the ongoing intervention study of Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS). Standard biochemical techniques were used to assess liver status and metabolic variables. Lean body mass (LBM) and masses of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) were estimated by means of computed tomography (CT) calibrated anthropometric equations. In both genders aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were, or tended to be, positively correlated to fasting serum insulin, visceral AT (women), and alcohol intake. In women, the aminotransferases were also correlated with fasting blood glucose. In both genders alkaline phosphatase was, or tended to be, positively associated with visceral AT, insulin (women), and glucose. Bilirubin was negatively correlated to insulin and visceral AT in men and women. Additional multivariate analyses indicated that alcohol had less explanatory power than serum insulin for the examined liver tests, especially among women. These results suggest that pathological liver tests in the obese may represent an expression of the metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Are elevated aminotransferases and decreased bilirubin additional characteristics of the metabolic syndrome? 911 45

Molecular evidence, using DNA fingerprint analyses, of extensive genetic heterogeneity between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and even within some of the WKY colonies has been reported. Thus we investigated the genetic relations between Dahl S and R rats newly inbred by Dr. Iwai. Genomic DNA was isolated from the liver of four Dahl S and four Dahl R rats, digested with the restriction enzyme HinfI or AluI, and separated in 1.2% agarose gel by electrophoresis. Then, DNA fingerprinting was performed by Southern blot analysis using the human myoglobin 33.6 minisatellite probe. Bands were detected in an alkaline phosphatase reaction system. Within the same strains, there was no heterogeneity of these fingerprinting patterns. The S and R rats shared 82% of the bands in the HinfI-digested DNA and 93% of those in the AluI-digested DNA. These shared values were much greater than the reported value (54%) between SHR and WKY from Charles River Laboratories. These newly inbred Dahl S and R rats may be appropriate, although still limited, experimental animals for investigating the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension.
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PMID:Analysis of molecular heterogeneity of Dahl/Iwai salt-sensitive rats and salt-resistant rats. 916 Jul 90

Sixty two samples of amniotic fluid were submitted to biochemical investigation including 31 samples from women with pregnancy complicated by hypertension (studied group with blood pressure -65 +/- 15/95 +/- 5 mm Hg) and 31 samples deriving from healthy pregnant women (control group with mean blood pressure 118 +/- 10/74 +/- +/- 9 mm Hg). The following parameters of amniotic fluid were measured: 1) aminotransferases: alanine AlAT and aspartate AspAT, 2) alkaline phosphatase (APt) and its thermostable isoenzyme (APh), 3) ceruloplasmin (Crlp), 4) alpha-amylase (alpha-Amy). The study showed pregnancy complicated by hypertension is related to fetal salivary gland's immaturity presenting decreased activity of alpha amylase in amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluids deriving from women with pregnancy complicated by hypertension showed normal activities of AlAT, AspAT, APt, APh and Crlp.
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PMID:[Evaluation of fetal condition in pregnancy complicated by hypertension--biochemical assessment of amniotic fluid. II. Enzymes]. 928 52

In order to elucidate the relationships between Zn and Cu and blood pressure, the present case-control study was carried out. Zn and Cu status was evaluated in 60 subjects, pharmacologically untreated, affected by mild stable hypertension and in 60 normotensives matched for sex, age and smoking habits. Different markers of Zn and Cu status, including serum, erythrocyte and urine levels of the two trace elements and activities of some Zn- or Cu-dependent enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and lysyl oxidase) were evaluated. No significant difference between hypertensives and normotensives was observed in the mean levels of Zn and Cu as well as in Zn- or Cu-dependent enzymes, though higher levels of serum copper were associated with increased risk of hypertension. Interesting relationships between the biological parameters investigated were observed in the hypertensive subjects. Inverse correlations between blood pressures and serum Zn were observed. Furthermore, blood pressure was inversely related to lysyl oxidase activity. These findings give further support to the hypothesis that an imbalance of Zn and Cu bioavailability may be associated to hypertensive condition.
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PMID:Zinc and copper status and blood pressure. 963 5

Acute hypertension provokes a rapid decrease in proximal tubule sodium reabsorption with a decrease in basolateral membrane sodium-potassium-ATPase activity and an increase in the density of membranes containing apical membrane sodium/hydrogen exchangers (NHE3) [Y. Zhang, A. K. Mircheff, C. B. Hensley, C. E. Magyar, D. G. Warnock, R. Chambrey, K.-P. Yip, D. J. Marsh, N.-H. Holstein-Rathlou, and A. A. McDonough. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 39): F1004-F1014, 1996]. To determine the reversibility and specificity of these responses, rats were subjected to 1) elevation of blood pressure (BP) of 50 mmHg for 5 min, 2) restoration of normotension after the first protocol, or 3) sham operation. Systolic hypertension increased urine output and endogenous lithium clearance three- to fivefold within 5 min, but these returned to basal levels only 15 min after BP was restored. Renal cortex lysate was fractionated on sorbitol gradients. Basolateral membrane sodium-potassium-ATPase activity (but not subunit immunoreactivity) decreased one-third to one-half after BP was elevated and recovered after BP was normalized. After BP was elevated, 55% of the apical NHE3 immunoreactivity, smaller fractions of sodium-phosphate cotransporter immunoreactivity, and apical alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidyl-peptidase redistributed to membranes of higher density enriched in markers of the intermicrovillar cleft (megalin) and endosomes (Rab 4 and Rab 5), whereas density distributions of the apical cytoskeleton protein villin were unaltered. After 20 min of normalized BP, all the NHE3 and smaller fractions of the other apical membrane proteins returned to their original distributions. These findings suggest that the dynamic regulation of proximal tubule sodium transport by acute changes in BP may be mediated by rapid reversible regulation of sodium pump activity and relocation of apical sodium transporters.
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PMID:Reversible effects of acute hypertension on proximal tubule sodium transporters. 957 7

Capillaries are nonuniform thin tubes: The arteriolar and venular capillary portions express alkaline phosphatase (AP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), respectively. Differences in enzyme activities between arteriolar and venular capillary portions could be shown by staining sections of cardiac tissues for AP and DPPIV after coronary infusion of microspheres and by staining cultured endothelial cells that had been collected from coronary microvessels. Through use of a double staining method for AP and DPPIV, adaptive changes in the capillary network were studied in rat hearts exposed to cold, exercise, hypertension, chronic coronary occlusion, and transient coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. Two patterns could be seen in the adaptations of the ventricular capillary network. The increase in the venular capillary portions is accompanied by remarkable increases in capillary density and capillary-to-myocyte ratio. The increase in the arteriolar capillary portion seemed to be accompanied by a decrease or only a limited increase in capillary density in stressed hearts. The increase in the total capillary density improves the capacity for oxygen transport to tissues with a high tissue perfusion and a short diffusion distance for oxygen. The increase in the arteriolar capillaries may also improve oxygen transport by increasing the arterial blood perfusing the tissue. This seems, however, a compensation for the limited angiogenesis: The alleviation of stresses, such as pharmacological treatment of the hypertrophied heart and reperfusion after transient ischemia, increases venular capillary portions and capillary density. These changes are discussed with immunohistochemical observations of rapid and prolonged expressions of angiogenic growth factors.
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PMID:Adaptive changes in the capillary network in the left ventricle of rat heart. 975 39

Arterial hypertension, which represents a common problem in patients with renal transplant, contributes to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of these patients. The most usual immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine and FK-506) collaborate on the development of hypertension. Calcium channel blockers are the most habitually used antihypertensive drugs in this population, although its long-term hemodimamycs effects could be deleterious especially in transplanted patients with chronic graft nephropathy. Losartan, a specific blocker of angiotensin II (AT1) receptors, has demonstrated a potent antihypertensive effect with a good safety and tolerance profile. The glomerular effects of losartan could be useful in transplanted patients. The present open, prospective and multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of losartan in the treatment of hypertension in a group of patients with a renal transplant. Seventy-six patients with systolic blood pressure > or = 140 and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg, and/or patients on therapy with one antihypertensive drug and related side effects were included. After inclusion, therapy with losartan 50 mg/24 hr was started, discontinuing the previous antihypertensive therapy and/or therapy which caused the side effects. At four weeks, if blood pressure (BP) was not controlled, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg or furosemide 40 mg/24 hr was added. At baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12, the following parameters were monitored: BP, creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, ions, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, GGT, LDH, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, proteinuria, and both cyclosporine and FK-506 levels in whole blood. Sixty-seven patients completed the 12-week study period. Mean blood pressure decreased from 113 +/- 10 to 102 +/- 9 mm Hg at the end of the study (P < 0.0001); 38 of the 67 patients (56.7%) who completed the study had a SBP lower than 140 mm Hg and a DBP lower than 90. These blood pressures were obtained in 30 patients on monotherapy with losartan (78.9%). Proteinuria decreased significantly at week 4 and was confirmed at week 12, especially in patients with proteinuria > or = 300 mg/24 hr. Nine patients were withdrawn during the study period for different reasons. Serum creatinine showed a slight, non-clinically significant increase at week 4, remaining stable until the end of the study. Two patients developed a mild normocytic anemia, and three others presented a mild impairment of pre-existent anemia. No interactions with cyclosporine or FK-506 were described. These results indicate that losartan is effective in reducing BP in hypertensive patients with a renal transplant. It has a good tolerance profile and does not interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of losartan in the treatment of hypertension in renal transplant recipients. 983 98

A 39-year-old Chinese man with hypertension being evaluated for elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) levels was found to have an incidental right adrenal mass. The radiological features were characteristic of a large adrenal myelolipoma. This mass was resected and the diagnosis confirmed pathologically. His blood pressure normalised after removal of the myelolipoma, suggesting that the frequently observed association between myelolipomas and hypertension may not be entirely coincidental. Persistent elevation of the SAP levels and the discovery of hypercalcaemia after surgery led to further investigations which confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma. The patient's serum biochemistry normalised after removal of the adenoma. The association of adrenal myelolipoma with primary hyperparathyroidism has been reported in the literature only once previously. Although unconfirmed by genetic studies this association may possibly represent an unusual variation of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome.
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PMID:The elevated serum alkaline phosphatase--the chase that led to two endocrinopathies and one possible unifying diagnosis. 1006 58

To determine the possible associations of medical status and physical fitness with periodontal disease, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The subjects were 517 males and 113 females aged 23 to 83 years who participated in a multiphasic health test at the Aichi Prefectural Center of Health Care, Japan, from 1992 to 1997. Their periodontal status was assessed by means of the CPITN scoring system. To assess the strength of associations between the examined factors and the score, odds ratios were computed using ordinal logistic models. Conventional risk factors such as old age, smoking habits, and higher fasting plasma glucose and simplified debris index increased the risk of periodontal disease. Hypertension, hematuria, leucocytosis or thrombocytosis, positive C-reactive protein and higher serum alkaline phosphatase were positively associated with the score, whereas higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was related to a lower risk. Poor physical fitness affecting aerobic capacity, foot balance and reaction was associated with a higher CPITN score. These associations were independent of the conventional risk factors. Although these new potential risk factors should be further investigated for their causal relationship, our findings suggested a close relationship of oral health to medical status and physical fitness.
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PMID:Associations of medical status and physical fitness with periodontal disease. 1052 78

The mechanisms and myocardial alterations associated with NO-deficient hypertension are still far from clear. The aim of the present study was to focus on the enzyme histochemical and subcellular changes in the heart of L-NAME treated rats, as well as to examine the influence of captopril treatment. Wistar rats were administered either L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) alone or together with captopril (100 mg/kg/day) for a period of 4 weeks. A significant increase of blood pressure confirmed the reliability of the model. The results showed that long-lasting L-NAME administration was accompanied by a decrease of endothelial NO-synthase activity and by a significant local decrease of the following enzyme activities: capillary-related alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase (but not dipeptidyl peptidase IV) and cardiomyocyte-related glycogen phosphorylase, succinic dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and ATPases. No activity of these enzymes was found in the scar, whereas a marked increase of alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities was found in the foci of fibrotization. Histochemical changes correlated with subcellular changes, which were characterized by 1) apparent fibroblast activation associated with interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, 2) heterogeneous population of the normal, hypertrophic and injured cardiomyocytes, 3) enhancement of the atrial granules and their translocation into the sarcolemma, and 4) impairment of capillaries as well as by induction of angiogenesis. Similar alterations were also found in the heart of captopril co-treated rats, despite of the significant suppression of blood pressure. The results indicate that NO-deficient hypertension is accompanied by metabolic disturbances and ultrastructural alterations of the heart and these changes are probably not induced by the renin-angiotension system only.
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PMID:Chronic disturbances in NO production results in histochemical and subcellular alterations of the rat heart. 1080 8


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