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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous evidence has shown that rats with spontaneous hypertension have on average about twice as many circulating leukocytes in comparison with their normotensive counterparts, the Wistar-Kyoto rats. Since such high levels of leukocytes may increase the risk for vascular complications for hypertensive animals, it is useful to ascertain whether a comparable derangement is present in other forms of hypertension. The present study deals with the properties of the circulating leukocytes in rats exhibiting another form of experimental hypertension; Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) hypertensive rats were compared with Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl-R) control rats. Measurements were performed to determine the following: circulating hematocrit levels, leukocyte counts, differential counts, number of activated leukocytes (by means of nitro blue tetrazolium [NBT] reduction), leukocyte adhesion in vitro and neutrophil CD-18 expression, alkaline phosphatase activity in individual neutrophils and in the plasma, and myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils. The experimental cohort consisted of Dahl-S and Dahl-R rats maintained for a 6-week period on a 6% NaCl diet. The results show a highly significant elevation in the number of total leukocytes, neutrophil and monocyte counts, and NBT-positive neutrophils and monocytes in Dahl-S but not Dahl-R rats. There was a significant loss of alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activity in the neutrophils of the salt-treated Dahl-S rats but not in the neutrophils of the untreated Dahl-S or Dahl-R rats. No significant differences were found in neutrophil adhesion under in vitro test conditions between the two strains maintained on the salt diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Circulating leukocyte counts, activation, and degranulation in Dahl hypertensive rats. 783 39

A 35-years old female with Jordans' anomaly was reported. She had been treated for diabetes mellitus and hypertension at another hospital. She was admitted to our hospital for operation for diabetic retinopathy on July 9, 1992. Wright-Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear revealed multiple vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the granulocytes and monocytes. Histochemical studies of these vacuoles showed positive for Sudan III but negative for peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and PAS staining. Electron microscopic examination revealed that lipid containing vacuoles had no clear membrane and were not associated with cell organelles. Laboratory findings of the serum showed hyperglycemia (FBS 188mg/dl), high HbA1c level (9.4%) and mild type IIa hyperlipidemia. Abdominal sonogram and abdominal CT showed no remarkable abnormalities except for mild fatty liver. Her elder sister and daughter had similar morphological findings in granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes.
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PMID:[A case of Jordans' anomaly]. 786 17

The aim of the study was to evaluate chronic treatment with Cordafen (nifedipine) in the out-patients over 60 years of age with established arterial hypertension. Out of 100 out-patients aged 60-83 years 69 subjects completed one-year study. The main reasons of drop-outs were: lack of patient compliance (12%), severe side effects (11%), ineffective monotherapy (5%) and other (3%). Less severe adverse effects were found in further 20 subjects. After one-year therapy hematological and biochemical parameters of the homeostasis did not deteriorate except an increase in alkaline phosphatase. Regular drug intake in a dose of 20-80 mg/daily (mean = 46.0) produced a significant decrease in the blood pressure level and an improvement of cardiac function indices (CO nad EF). In contrast Cordafen did not reduce the differences between extreme blood pressure values recorded automatically, and it did not produce a significant regression of left ventricular mass and cardiac arrhythmias. Nifedipine in mild or moderate hypertension in the elderly patient any be an adequate form of monotherapy in about 70% of them. Higher motivation for treatment in this age group and better drug tolerance may further improve this efficacy.
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PMID:[Use of nifedipine in elderly patients with essential hypertension: patient compliance, safety and efficacy of therapy]. 786 85

Risk factors for primary cerebral hemorrhage remain uncertain. The population-based Stroke Registry of Dijon provides data on the risk factors. Among residents of Dijon (France), 130 cases of primary cerebral hemorrhage hospitalized from 1985 to 1992 were matched with 130 controls by age and sex. The following data were collected: history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, history of coagulation disorder, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and infectious disease in the 7 days before admission. The following parameters were measured on admission: blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, hematocrit, fibrinogen, prothrombin levels, platelet counts, prothrombin time, bilirubin, transaminases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Electrocardiogram and Doppler ultrasound examination of cervical arteries were performed. Statistical analysis was performed by means of relative risk ratio for paired samples when dealing with proportions, and Student's t test for quantitative variables. A stepwise discriminant analysis was carried out to establish the relative weight of the different risk factors and their discriminant values. Among the qualitative data, the significant factors were history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, cardiac arrhythmia, atherosclerosis of carotid arteries and a previous infectious disease in the 7 days before admission. Among the quantitative data, the significant factors were early hypertension, high blood glucose levels, high hematocrit, and low cholesterol levels, in the acute stage of the stroke. After multifactorial analysis, only two factors were significant: hypertension and low cholesterol levels. Our population-based case-control study showed that hypertension and low cholesterol levels are the two discriminant risk factors for both lobar and basal ganglia primary cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, treatment of hypercholesterolemia may increase risk of cerebral hemorrhage.
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PMID:Risk factors for primary cerebral hemorrhage: a population-based study--the Stroke Registry of Dijon. 789 3

The correlative factors of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 287 end-stage renal disease (ESRD), admitted from 1983 to 1992, were analyzed. 52% of patients had LVH including 54% of patients on hemodialysis, 75% of patients with peritoneal dialysis and 38% of transplanted patients. Single factor analysis indicated that age, blood pressure, serum creatinine and BUN, hemoglobin, serum alkaline phosphatase, aortic valve disease and present DSRD therapy were related to LVH. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the most important factors which independently related to LVH in all patients studied, were management of present ESRD treatment, age, hypertension and high serum alkaline phosphatase. In a subset of patients with severe LVH, high serum alkaline phosphatase level, high systolic blood pressure and age were the predictive factors. In patients on dialysis, the most important variable were age and high serum alkaline phosphatase. Hypertension was the sole predictor of LVH in the transplant group.
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PMID:Correlative factors of left ventricular hypertrophy in end-stage renal disease. 815 47

The objective of this study was to determine the role of hypertension, age, anemia, and hyperparathyroidism in the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) developing after the initiation of dialysis for ESRD. A cohort of dialysis patients who were being treated for ESRD and whose initial echocardiograms after the start of dialysis therapy do not show LVH were studied. Three hundred and thirty-nine patients have been monitored at three centers since 1985. Serial echocardiograms have been performed with M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. Data on blood pressure, height, weight, hemoglobin, number and type of antihypertensive medications, and the presence of functioning vascular access have been collected prospectively. Prospective data on serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels and skeletal x-rays have also been collected. By the use of set criteria and blinding to echocardiographic outcome, the presence and severity of hyperparathyroidism were graded by consensus. Fifty-one patients met eligibility criteria for inclusion; of these, 14 developed LVH (cases) and 37 did not (controls). Cases had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.009) and were older (P = 0.01) than controls. Systolic blood pressure correlated significantly with final posterior left ventricular wall thickness (r = 0.39; P < 0.01). By the use of multivariate analysis, age and systolic blood pressure were significantly and independently associated with increased left ventricular mass index. The frequency of hyperparathyroidism was low and equal in both groups. There was a trend toward more severe anemia in cases that did not reach statistical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Risk factors for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in a prospectively followed cohort of dialysis patients. 816 30

We report the case of an 80-year-old woman with a previous history of HBP, hysterectomy due to cancer of the uterus and cholelithiasis, who was admitted in our hospital because of diffuse abdominal pain, marked jaundice, choluria and acholia during one week, together with anorexia and loss of weight. Blood chemistry results disclosed a total bilirubin of 11 mg/dl, a direct bilirubin of 8 mg/dl, GGTP 826 U/I, alkaline phosphatase 287 U/I, AST 285 U/I, ALT 837 U/I and LDH 242 U/I. The CA 19-9 marker was higher than 500 U/ml. The abdominal ultrasound examination did not show any space-occupying lesions; the extra and intrahepatic bile ducts were very dilated and the gall bladder showed multiple stones within its contents. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a homogeneous filiform defect at the middle third of the common bile duct of approximately 1 cm in length and with a marked dilatation of the bile ducts. A percutaneous drainage of the bile tree was performed, but the patient died.
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PMID:[Cancer of the middle third of the choledochus: an infrequent diagnosis]. 821 88

The obese spontaneous hypertensive rat/NIH-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat exhibits some of the metabolic and pathologic alterations associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of phenotype (ob versus In) and source of dietary carbohydrate (sucrose versus starch) on intestinal sucrase, maltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase activity in SHR/N-cp rats. For 3 months, lean and obese male SHR/N-cp rats were fed isocaloric diets containing as the sole source of carbohydrate either 54% cooked corn starch or sucrose. Serum and urine markers for diabetes were observed in obese rats. Wet weight and length of intestines were significantly increased in obese rats compared with lean littermates. Among the intestinal enzymes measured, statistical tests confirmed that sucrase activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) by both phenotype (ob > In) and feeding a sucrose diet. Diet alone (sucrose > starch) significantly increased (P < 0.05) maltase activity in obese rats, but had no effect on lean rats. Lactase activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in obese sucrose-fed rats compared with obese starch-fed and/or lean littermates. Statistical tests revealed that intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly altered (P < 0.05) by both phenotype and diet. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was higher in starch-fed lean rats compared with lean littermates fed sucrose and to starch or sucrose-fed obese rats. These results are not indicative of a simple, nonspecific increase in intestinal enzyme activity, since the effects observed in intestinal alkaline phosphatase contrast the effects observed in intestinal sucrase, maltase, and lactase activity. These results indicate that both phenotype and diet alter structural and enzymatic intestinal activities of SHR/N-cp rats. Distinct variations in the observed intestinal enzymatic activities suggest that these enzymes are under the control of genetic, hormonal, and dietary factors. Rationale for these differences are discussed.
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PMID:Effect of dietary carbohydrate and phenotype on sucrase, maltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase specific activity in SHR/N-cp rat. 843 90

To determine whether mitral valve or anular sclerosis or calcification (MC) is associated with reduced survival in patients with end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 53 CAPD patients were followed with echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography over 35 months. Both nonsurvivors and survivors with MC had higher systolic blood pressure before CAPD and calcium-phosphorus products during CAPD treatment than patients without MC (p < 0.05). Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone activities were higher in nonsurvivors and survivors with than without MC (p > 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were greater (p < 0.01), ejection fractions were smaller (p < 0.05) in nonsurvivors with than without MC, but not in survivors with versus without MC. Severe MC and grade III mitral valve regurgitation were more frequent in nonsurvivors than in survivors (p < 0.03). No valvular stenoses were found. It is concluded that the development of MC is favored by long-standing predialysis arterial hypertension and by high calcium-phosphorus products during CAPD. Nonsurvivors with MC are characterized by reduced systolic left ventricular function or severe valvular lesions. A close cardionephrologic cooperation is necessary to improve the survival of CAPD patients with these risk factors.
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PMID:Predictive value of mitral and aortic valve sclerosis for survival in end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 850 38

The Cadmibel Study is a cross-sectional population study, which investigated the hypothesis that environmental exposure of the population to cadmium would result in health effects. The 2,327 participants constituted a random sample of the population of four Belgian districts, chosen to provide a wide range of environmental exposure to cadmium. The urinary cadmium excretion, a measure of lifetime exposure, averaged 9.3 nmol/24h in men (range 0.4-325 nmol/24h) and 7.2 nmol (0.1-71 nmol/24h) in women. The Cadmibel Study refuted the hypothesis that exposure to cadmium would lead to an increase in BP and in the prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and the urinary excretion of calcium correlated significantly and positively with urinary cadmium in both sexes. These findings suggest that the calcium metabolism is gradually affected, as cadmium accumulates in the body. Furthermore, several markers of renal tubular function (urinary excretion of retinol binding protein, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta 2-microglobulin and aminoacids) were significantly and positively associated with urinary cadmium. There was a 10% probability of abnormal values of these markers of tubular function when urinary cadmium exceeded +/- 20 nmol/24h. However, the morbidity associated with the functional changes, observed in the Cadmibel Study, remains presently unknown and requires further investigation, preferably in a longitudinal population studies.
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PMID:Health effects of environmental exposure to cadmium in a population study. 851 95


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