Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen patients with mild to moderate hypertension on a drug regimen which included a thiazide diuretic had the latter substituted by frusemide for twelve weeks after an initial two-week placebo wash-out period. Blood pressure and heart rate and a number of plasma and urinary biochemical indices were measured. Significant findings included a reduction in standing blood pressure and an elevation of plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, osmolarity, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase levels at the end of the twelve week frusemide phase relative to the values on the thiazide. However the means for all the biochemical indices remained within the normal laboratory reference limits. In the 24-hour urinary studies, no significant findings emerged, apart from an elevated calcium. The foregoing suggest that frusemide is an effective component of an anti-hypertensive drug regimen and that in a dose of 40 mg/day it produces no detectable perturbations of plasma electrolytes. The significance of the enhanced levels of urinary calcium excretion in conjunction with the augmented plasma alkaline phosphatase is unclear.
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PMID:The effects of substituting frusemide for a thiazide diuretic in the drug regimens of patients with essential hypertension. 369 94

The results of treating 235 hypertensive patients who had been prescribed nifedipine in a hypertension clinic were examined for factors affecting blood pressure response and the frequency of side-effects. Pretreatment systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated significantly with the decrease in blood pressure but this effect was lost following statistical correction. No relation was found between response and age or race nor did any biochemical or haematological parameter predict the antihypertensive effect. Fifty-nine (25%) patients complained of side-effects which were dose related; the drug had to be discontinued in 30 patients (13%) but the remaining 29 continued at the same or reduced dosage. Small, but statistically significant, elevations were seen in serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin as well as a rise in average blood glucose levels. Although side-effects are fairly common nifedipine is an effective antihypertensive drug when given alone or in combination with other therapies.
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PMID:An audit of nifedipine in a hypertension clinic. 371 59

Ten children with end stage renal disease on chronic hemofiltration (HF) were studied for a 1-yr period to evaluate the efficacy of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) therapy on biohumoral parameters of renal osteodystrophy and bone mineral content. In six of these children an acute study was done of the direct effect of the HF procedure on calcium and phosphate balance during 12 HF sessions. During the first 6 months of the study all children were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.25-0.50 microgram/day) to maintain plasma calcium at 9.5-11.0 mg/dl. There was a significant increase in plasma calcium (p less than 0.05) and a significant decrease in plasma phosphate (p less than 0.01) and alkaline phosphatase concentrations (p less than 0.05). The circulating levels of NH2 immunoreactive parathyroid hormone did not change, remaining at the upper limits of reference values. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone-COOH terminal fragment levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.05). Bone mineral content rose significantly (p less than 0.01). During the last 6 months of the study, to evaluate the possibility that HF alone might control secondary hyperparathyroidism, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment was discontinued in five children; plasma calcium and phosphate were well controlled whereas hyperparathyroidism worsened in all five, and one also developed intense pruritus and hypertension. The other five children remained on 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment; two of these were transplanted, and the other three continued to show an improvement of mineral balance. The results of the acute study showed that calcium balance was positive with a mean Ca++ gain of 140 mg/HF session. The mean total phosphate removed per HF run was 574 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 treatment on mineral balance in children with end stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemofiltration. 375 54

A 15-yr-old girl presented with complaints of right upper quadrant pain and jaundice. Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, signs of protal hypertension, and computed tomographic scan findings suggested a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. However, cultures of the bile and of the common bile duct specimen obtained during a surgical procedure grew Cryptococcus neoformans. Treatment with amphotericin B was begun. An episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, however, led to the hepatorenal syndrome, and the patient died before antifungal therapy was completed. At autopsy, active sclerosing cholangitis associated with cryptococci involved the common bile duct. We suggest that opportunistic infection of the biliary tree should be considered in pediatric patients with presumed primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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PMID:Cholangitis associated with Cryptococcus neoformans. 397 25

This presentation has reviewed evidence from our laboratory that both structural and functional changes participate in the initiation and maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Structural changes are present in the muscular arteries of the mesenteric and renal vasculature at 3- to 5-week-old SHR as compared with WKY. The major structural change in SHR arteries was increased cross-section area with increased thickness of the media owing to hyperplasia of smooth muscle; lumen sizes were interchanged. Later, at 10-12, 21, and 28 weeks of age, there was further increase in medial thickness owing to hyperplasia, and some hypertrophy and changes in elastic arteries also became evident. Increases in medial thickness of elastic arteries included hypertrophy as well as hyperplasia. Changes in lumen diameter were never observed in arteries fixed in a relaxed state at physiological flow rates. In addition, a deficit in Ca handling (decreased ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation) was observed in plasma-membrane vesicles from mesenteric arteries of SHR prior to and after the development of hypertension. It persisted when hypertension was reversed by hydralazine in SHR. It was present in various forms of experimental hypertension. It was present whenever hypertension was present and disappeared with normalization of blood pressure by withdrawal of the stimulus. The Ca-handling deficit was found in several nonarterial tissues and may be a generalized genetic defect in SHR. It was always accompanied by increased alkaline phosphatase activity of plasma membranes, and this was suggested to reflect the smooth-muscle hyperplasia occurring simultaneously. A model of the initiation and maintenance of hypertension based on medial thickening and deficient Ca handling as primary, interacting causes of genetic hypertension is proposed.
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PMID:Early structural changes in precapillary vessels in hypertension and their relationship to functional changes. 608 10

A follow-up study was conducted with 50 healthy parous volunteer women in India to ascertain the effect of a long-acting progestogen contraceptive on serum enzymes and hepatic function. The women received an intramuscular injection of a long-acting contraceptive, DMPA (depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate), in a dose of 150 mg every 3 months for 2 years. Women with a past history of jaundice, diabetes, hypertension, or eclampsia were excluded from the study. The activity of SGOT, SGPT, and AP (alkaline phosphatase) did not show any change during the longterm treatment. This result would indicate normal hepatic function and the absence of any damage or injury to the liver cells. Activity of serum ACP (acid phosphatase) and AChE (acetylcholinesterase) in red cells did show significant increase, which continued up to the end of the study. Results of the study indicate that DMPA is a suitable contraceptive for use in India, particularly since it does not cause the common side effects associated with oral contraceptives and does not affect liver function.
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PMID:Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception on human serum enzymes. 611 6

During an outbreak of trichinosis, two young men--one with established trichinosis and the other with suspected infection--were found to have clinical, radiologic and histologic stigmata of a systemic necrotizing vasculopathy equivalent to classic polyarteritis nodosa. The parasitosis manifested as a pentad of fever, myalgias, facial edema, eosinophilia and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Features of the arteritis included mononeuritis multiplex, pain in the abdomen and joints, weight loss, hypertension, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, microhematuria and raised alkaline phosphatase levels. A sustained remission was achieved by the administration of thiabendazole, prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Pathogenetic links between the two diseases are presented: (1) deposition of circulating immune complexes in the vessel wall; (2) adjuvant activity with cross reaction between parasitic antigen and human vessel wall; (3) immunoglobulin E (IgE) aggregates and soluble antigen IgE complexes precipitation in vessel wall; and (4) hypereosinophilia-induced tissue damage. A causal relationship of trichinosis to polyarteritis nodosa is persuasive, and we suggest that cases of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative polyarteritis nodosa, especially those in which myalgias and eosinophilia are prominent, may be related to trichinosis and that, conversely, patients with trichinosis and multiorgan disease should be studied for polyarteritis nodosa.
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PMID:Trichinosis-related polyarteritis nodosa. 611 36

A representative sample of elderly Coloured persons (over the age of 65 years) in the community underwent a medical and psychosocial assessment of prevalent physical disorders and resultant disability. This revealed that hypertension, visual impairment, osteo-arthritis and chronic lung disease were the most prevalent and disabling conditions, while hearing impairment and major neurological disorders played a lesser role. Most of the individuals claimed that they had little or no disability, while 10 felt they were only moderately disabled and 21 (14,9%) that they were severely disabled. The number of disorders ranged from 2,08 in those claiming no disability to 3,28 in those who were severely disabled. Profiles of the results of biochemical investigations resembled those of other aged populations, serum cholesterol, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase levels being raised. The pattern of medical care was also examined, including medication and the use of local facilities.
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PMID:The coloured elderly in Cape Town--a psychosocial, psychiatric and medical community survey. Part III. A survey of physical disorders and disabilities. 622 89

Protein content, enzymatic activites and Ca2+ accumulation capacities were studied in plasma membrane fractions isolated from mesenteric arteries of rats made hypertensive by renal artery stenosis with and without contralateral nephrectomy, i.e., one-kidney, one clip (1-KHR) and two-kidney, one clip (2-KHR) hypertension, respectively. Both types of renovascular hypertension showed similar vascular plasma membrane abnormalities which included increased total protein contents, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activities and reduced ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation compared to control values. The altered alkaline phosphatase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation appeared to be associated with blood pressure elevation in both types of hypertension and may be related to the elevation of blood pressure insensitive to captopril (SQ 14,225) in 1-KHR and 2-KHR. These results are consistent with the current concept of biochemical abnormalities of arterial smooth muscle in the development ostem.
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PMID:Characteristics of arterial plasma membrane in renovascular hypertension in rats. 624 53

A sensitive solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed using two anti-human renin monoclonal antibodies, which were shown to bind both human as well as primate renin at two different epitopic sites. One monoclonal antibody (3-36-16) was used to coat each well of a 96 well microtitre plate in which renin, contained in 5 to 20 ul of plasma, was allowed to react. Plates were then incubated with the gamma globulin (gamma G) fraction of a rabbit anti-human renin serum followed by development with sheetp anti-rabbit gamma G conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. Quantification was carried out by the addition of the alkaline phosphatase substrate, p-nitrophenylphosphate, which produced a colorimetric reaction. The sensitivity of the assay is 25 pg ml-1. The method recognises both active and inactive renin from plasma, kidney, amniotic fluid and chorionic cells. Plasma renin can be measured within 6 hours when values are greater then 150 pg ml-1 or within 24 hours when plasma values are less than 150 pg ml-1. The ELISA has already been used to measure total immunoreactive renin in plasma obtained from patients with several forms of hypertension. The values ranged from 25 pg ml-1 in patients with primary aldosteronism to as large as 60 ng ml-1 in a patient with a renin-secreting tumour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A multirange ELISA for the measurement of plasma renin in humans and primates. 640 Mar 74


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