Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a study of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP65degreesC) concentrations in the serum of pregnant women with hypertension (42 cases), mild preeclampsia (40 cases) and severe pre-eclampsia (22 cases). The results are seen in relationship to the occurrence of intrauterine fetal death, growth retardation, intrauterine and neonatal asphyxia as well as the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn. The importance of a precise clinical classification of the patients is stressed. Pathological HSAP values are those which lie either over or under the normal range for HSAP activity. In addition "zig-zag" curves with values within the normal range are characterized as abnormal. Thus, serial estimations give the most reliable results. Serial estimations of HSAP are especially valuable in severe pre-eclampsia. Abnormal HSAP values in the 28th-38th week of pregnancy are a serious prognostic sign. False abnormal HSAP results were found in all 3 patient groups. One possible false normal HSAP curve also occurred.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase in pregnancy. II. Serial HSAP65degreesC estimations in pregnancy complicated with hypertension and pre-eclampsia. 93 83

832 estimations of heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) and of heat alkaline phosphatase (HLAP) were carried out simultaneously in late pregnant women at 25th to the 42nd weeks of pregnancy. 147 of them delivered children with normal birth-weight. All these women suffered from pre-eclampsia, hypertension or any kind of superimposed pre-eclampsia. 110 other pregnant women with or without symptoms of pre-eclampsia gave birth to small for dates babies. In addition, the values of these patients were compared with 372 estimations of the same enzymes carried out in 120 patients with normal pregnancy and outcome of normal weighted children. The site of the values of every group showed no typical correlation to the course and outcome of their pregnancy. Regarding four special criterions it was possible to give a good prediction by serial determinations for the weight of the newborn in 80 per cent of the cases. A correlation between the urinary excretion of total oestrogens as well as HLAP and the values of HSAP was to be found only in some groups of patients.
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PMID:[Behavior of serum alkaline during pregnancy. II. Pathological pregnancy]. 96 Nov 83

To evaluate its specificity as an indicator of placental function or fetal status, maternal serum heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) was measured serially in 76 normal and 161 high-risk pregnancies (1272 determinations). The previously reported curvilinear HSAP rise starting at about 28 gestational weeks was noted. No relation was seen between HSAP levels and milk or moderate hypertension, gestational diabetes, nontoxemic placental insufficiency, or maternal blood group. HSAP levels were mostly above normal in proteinuric hypertension and were low normal in pregnant insulin-dependent diabetics. Two neonatal deaths were associated with normal HSAP levels. Of 4 intrauterine deaths, 1 was associated with high, 1 with low, and 2 with rising values in the normal range. Serial maternal HSAP values are apparently not a specific indicator of placental function or fetal status.
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PMID:Maternal serum heat-stable alkaline phosphatase. In normal and high-risk pregnancies. 111 83

Report of a 10-year-old boy with congenital hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts, the socalled MacMahon-Thannhauser-Syndrome. The patient had been suffering from a varying degree of jaundice since his 2nd day of life and from pruritus since his 21st month of life. Furthermore, he had hepatomegaly, a systolic cardiac murmur, hypogenitalism, retarded growth, and finally hypertension. Transitory xanthomas existed between 1 3/4 and 2 3/4 years of age. Signs of persistent intrahepatic cholestasis was manifested by increased levels of bilirubin and bile acids in serum as well as raised activities of leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Pathological values of serum glutamic dehydrogenase pointed to a persistent destruction of liver cells. Without treatment, the activities of vitamin K dependent clotting factors were decreased. Cholesterol, phosphatides and triglycerides in serum were increased and lipoprotein-X was detectable. Aortography revealed stenosis of both renal arteries. An exploratory laparotomy and 5 liver biopsies led to the diagnosis of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Therapeutic trials with steroids and the anion exchange resin "cholestyramine" were ineffective. Phenobarbital relieved the pruritus. Parenteral administration of fat soluble vitamins restored the activity of vitamin K dependent clotting factors to normal. The high blood pressure fell significantly due to treatment with adelphan. The etiology of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts is unknown. It may be a malformation or an obliteration secondary to inflammation. In our patient, narrowing of the renal arteries, increase of plasma-renin activity and hypertension were probably secondary to hyperlipidemia. It has been suggested that hyperlipemia secondary to cholestasis may be due to a disturbance of lipoprotein metabolism. A review of reports on 118 patients suffering from intrahepatic bile ducts hypoplasia is included.
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PMID:[Hypertension and bilateral stenosis of the renal artery associated with congenital hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts (author's transl)]. 124 84

This paper summarizes the findings of the Cadmibel Study, a cross-sectional population study of the health effects of cadmium, but only with respect to the cardiovascular system and calcium metabolism. The study disproved the hypothesis that exposure to cadmium would lead to an increase in blood pressure and in the prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship between urinary cadmium (Cd-U) and both serum alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary excretion of calcium. The regression coefficients obtained after adjustment for significant co-variates indicated that, when Cd-U increased two-fold, serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary calcium rose by 4% and 0.25 mmol/24 h, respectively. These findings suggest that calcium metabolism is gradually affected as cadmium accumulates in the body. The morbidity associated with the latter phenomenon is still unknown, and requires further investigation, preferably in a longitudinal prospective population study, in which the incidence of morbid events would be monitored in relation to the cadmium body burden.
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PMID:Effects of cadmium exposure on the cardiovascular system and on calcium metabolism: results of a cross-sectional population study. 130 50

Polycythemia vera (PV) is one of the myeloproliferative diseases, and, as such, is an example of clonal hematopoiesis. The progeny of a single, abnormal, hematopoietic stem cell gain a growth advantage over their normal counterparts resulting in overproduction of red cells generally accompanied by overproduction of granulocytes and platelets as well. There are a variety of nonspecific symptoms at onset related to the increased red cell mass and hematocrit accompanied by the more specific manifestations of pruritus, erythromelalgia, and hepatic, portal, and mesenteric vein thrombosis. Splenomegaly and hypertension are common. The laboratory hallmark is an increased red cell mass. There is also often an increase in white cell count, platelet count, and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase along with other findings reflecting the increased rate of turnover of hematopoietic cells. The bone marrow biopsy generally displays hypercellularity involving all three cell lines and absent iron stores. The diagnosis of PV depends on excluding spurious polycythemia in which there is a high hematocrit but a normal red cell mass and secondary polycythemia in which there is an increased red cell mass in response to tissue hypoxia or the inappropriate production of erythropoietin, generally by a tumor. In addition, one should try to establish the diagnosis in a positive fashion by a combination of studies of the blood and bone marrow. Phlebotomy and occasionally plateletpheresis should be used as acute therapy. Chronic therapy is guided by the knowledge that patients treated with phlebotomy alone have an increased rate of thrombotic complications particularly in older patients and those with previous thrombotic disease. Myelosuppressive therapy can reduce the incidence of these complications, but is commonly associated with an increased incidence of second malignancies, particularly acute leukemia. At present, hydroxyurea is the myelosuppressive agent of choice. Antiplatelet agents have a limited role except in the palliation of the syndrome of erythromelalgia. Median survival is approximately 10 years. As implied above, the causes of morbidity and mortality vary with the mode of chronic therapy which has been employed, leukemia being more common after myelosuppressive therapy and thrombotic complications being more common after therapy with phlebotomy alone. Ten percent to 50% of patients move into a spent phase followed by postpolycythemic myeloid metaplasia, irrespective of previous therapy employed. Eventually, the major problems may be cytopenias and massive splenomegaly.
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PMID:Polycythemia vera. 158 7

To test conditions under which thyroid hormone might be deleterious to bone, we studied a group of 58 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy because of thyroid cancer 1 to 21 years previously and were treated with steady doses of exogenous thyroid hormone. Vertebral bone density (BMD Z-score) was significantly reduced and biochemical indices of bone resorption (urinary hydroxyproline and plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity) and of osteoblastic activity (plasma osteocalcin and bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase) as well as the calculated prevalence of bone resorption relative to osteoblastic activity (HBP) were significantly increased in thyroid hormone-treated post-menopausal women but not in men and premenopausal women. The HBP as well as the biochemical indices of bone remodeling were significantly negatively correlated with serum TSH levels. In treated patients, BMD Z-score was significantly dependent on the HBP, menopausal state, duration of treatment and serum TSH levels. In conclusion, the further increase in bone resorption by thyroid hormone is predisposed by menopausal changes in bone turnover. The simultaneous evaluation of biochemical indices of bone resorption and formation improves the assessment of bone loss in patients treated with thyroid hormone in a suppressive dose.
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PMID:Biochemical assessment of bone loss in patients on long-term thyroid hormone treatment. 162 31

Lacunar infarcts (lacunes) are small, cystic lesions of the brain in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes. In order to improve our understanding of the relationship between lacunes and their blood vessels, the alkaline phosphatase (AP) technique of microvascular staining and high-resolution microradiography were employed in a three-dimensional study of 31 lacunes from 15 hypertensive subjects. A second aim was to compare the usefulness of the techniques with that of routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain employed by previous investigators. Arteries were traced throughout their course. The lesions identified included intimal hyperplasia, hyalinization and atherosclerosis with variable narrowing and occasional occlusions. The small arterioles in the lacune cavities supplied adjacent intact brain. The AP technique clearly distinguished true lacunar infarcts from dilated perivascular spaces. AP and microradiography were superior to HE in showing the three dimensional details with far fewer sections. Four different types of relationships were observed between nutrient arteries and their lacunes, indicating that patterns of vascular involvement can be elucidated in brains of subjects dying with lacunar syndromes by using special techniques such as AP. Such patterns can be correlated with clinical risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension etc., singly and in combination. Our data suggest that the natural history of lacunar infarcts may be changing in two ways--the number of lacunes per patient may be diminishing and white matter involvement may be increasing. Possible explanations for these changes are suggested.
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PMID:A combined hematoxylin-eosin, alkaline phosphatase and high-resolution microradiographic study of lacunes. 169 93

The case is reported of a 49-year-old chronic alcoholic woman, who presented with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) mimicking as an acute abdomen. She was admitted with right-sided hypochondrial abdominal pain and hepatomegaly, with a moderate jaundice. On admission to intensive care unit, she had an arterial blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg, a heart rate of 100 b.min-1, and a respiratory rate of 36 c.min-1. An electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and right-sided heart failure. Whilst breathing 6 l.min-1 oxygen, her arterial blood gases were: PaO2 47 mmHg PaCO2 29 mmHg. Severe PAH was confirmed by measuring her mean pulmonary arterial pressure, which was 46 mmHg, whilst her pulmonary wedge pressure was 7 mmHg. Hepatic function was also altered: total bilirubin 41 mumol.l-1, alkaline phosphatase 145 UI.l-1 and gamma glutamyl transferase 1 340 UI.l-1. She developed arterial hypotension, which did not respond to increasing doses of isoproterenol. She died on the third day. Necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of primary PAH, with acute "cardiac liver".
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PMID:[Pseudosurgical acute abdomen syndrome in primary pulmonary hypertension]. 175 58

This study reports a correlation of alkaline phosphatase (AP) with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and a reduction of alkaline phosphatase after chlorthalidone therapy that reached a nadir at three years of therapy, then gradually returned toward, but not reaching, baseline values. The data is from the baseline examination and follow-up of 3928 initially untreated stepped-care patients in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. In multiple regression analysis, both age and DBP were significantly correlated with increased AP in males and females. After initiation of therapy with chlorthalidone, AP levels fell progressively until the third year, when they were reduced by 11 +/- 15 IU in the males and 14 +/- 15 IU in the females. The data are compatible with the interpretation that thiazide-induced reduction in urinary calcium excretion has led to a more positive calcium balance and reduction of bone turnover, and suggests that a beneficial effect of thiazide-based antihypertensive therapy could be decreased osteoporosis.
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PMID:Effect of thiazide-based therapy on serum alkaline phosphatase. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Group. 195 30


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