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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a case of 50 year-old man with feminizing adrenal carcinoma. He was admitted to the hospital because of weakness and one year history of gynecomastia and high blood pressure. Examinations revealed a large left adrenal mass and increased levels of estradiol. Patient underwent adrenalectomy and followed by mitotan therapy as the result of histopathological examination was adrenocortical carcinoma. One year after operation patient stays free from the recurrence of the disease and his estradiol, androstendion and DHEA levels are below the detection limits. We report this case because feminizing adrenal carcinoma is a very rare but serious disease and gynecomastia that could be its manifestation is quite frequent symptom in men's population and thus it could easily be missed. In every case of gynecomastia related to estradiol excess feminizing tumors of testis and adrenal gland should be ruled out.
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PMID:[Gynecomasty as a first sign of adrenal carcinoma--case report]. 1682 Dec 15

We describe a case of adrenocortical adenoma with preclinical Cushing's syndrome demonstrating diurnal rhythms of ACTH and cortisol in blood. A 50-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for the evaluation of incidental right adrenal mass with hyperglycemia and hypertension. On admission, there were no signs of clinical manifestation of hypercortisolism. The basal levels of cortisol (9.3 microg/dl) and ACTH (9.4 pg/ml) at 0800 h were not elevated and these diurnal rhythms were maintained. One or 8 mg of dexamethasone given orally overnight suppressed the plasma ACTH but not serum cortisol. Ultrasonogram, CT and scintiscan of (131)I adosterol all demonstrated an enlarged adrenal mass in the right adrenal gland. The right adrenal gland was subsequently resected by laparoscopic surgery. Histopathological findings of resected adrenal tumor were consistent with adrenocortical adenoma. Adjacent non-neoplastic adrenal tissue demonstrated adrenocortical atrophy but DHEA-sulfotransferase immunoreactivity in the zona reticularis was detected.
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PMID:A case of preclinical Cushing's syndrome associated with diurnal rhythms of ACTH and cortisol in blood: correlation with histological findings. 1689 66

We investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) treatment on cardiorenal structure of adult offspring from low-protein pregnancies. Three month old offspring were assigned to eight groups (four male groups and four female groups, n=8 each) (NP=normal-protein diet, LP=low-protein diet): NP, LP, NP plus FO, and LP plus FO. Left ventricle and kidney were analyzed with light microscopy and stereology. The both sexes of LP offspring showed 30% lower birth weights than the respective NP offspring and high blood pressure (BP) levels in adulthood which was efficiently reduced by FO treatment. In the heart, FO treated the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, the vascularization impairment, and decreased the cardiomyocyte loss usually observed in adult LP offspring. In the kidney, FO treated, in the male, the imbalance of the cortex-to-medulla ratio observed in both sexes of LP offspring, and reduced the glomeruli loss in the LP offspring. The positive correlation between the number of cardiomyocyte nuclei later in life and the body mass (BM) at birth was significant only in both sexes of LP offspring and this correlation disappeared in LP plus fish oil offspring. The positive correlation between the number of glomeruli later in life and the BM at birth was significant in NP male offspring and in both sexes of LP offspring. In conclusion, FO supplement, which is a rich source of n-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA), has beneficial effects on BP control and cardiac and renal adverse remodeling usually seen in offspring of the LP pregnancies.
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PMID:Adult cardiorenal benefits from postnatal fish oil supplement in rat offspring of low-protein pregnancies. 1702 Jul 72

The human metabolic syndrome and its frequent sequela, type 2 diabetes are epidemic around the world. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) consumption ameliorates some of these epidemics' features thus leading one to question if consumption of EPA and DHA, and their metabolic precursor ALA reduce the conversion of metabolic syndrome to type 2 diabetes and reduce the major cause of death in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes-myocardial infarction. Contributing to myocardial infarction are metabolic syndrome's features of dyslipidemia (including elevated total cholesterol and LDL-c), oxidation, inflammation, hypertension, glucose intolerance, overweight and obesity. Inflammation, glucose and lipid levels are variously influenced by disturbances in various adipocytokines which are in turn positively impacted by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption. Type 2 diabetes has all these features though elevated total cholesterol and LDL-c are rarer. It is concluded that EPA and DHA consumption significantly benefits metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes primarily in terms of dyslipidemia (particularly hypertriglyceridemia) and platelet aggregation with their impact on blood pressure, glucose control, inflammation and oxidation being less established. There is some evidence that EPA and/or DHA consumption, but no published evidence that ALA reduces conversion of metabolic syndrome to type 2 diabetes and reduces death rates due to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. ALA's only published significance appears to be platelet aggregation reduction in type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:The role of consumption of alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in human metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes--a mini-review. 1789 98

Adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; prasterone) and its sulphated form (DHEA-S) are among the most abundant hormonal steroids in men and nonpregnant women. Deficiencies of these adrenal androgens are associated with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies from our laboratory have also identified low levels of adrenal androgens in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). These findings support and complement those already published for RA and other autoimmune diseases. Because of the paucity of data on the hormonal status of patients with JRA, studies on the relationship between hypoandrogenicity and predisposition to develop JRA, and/or disease progression have not been conducted. In addition, despite the rapid expansion of research in the clinical use of these adrenal androgens in hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and hypertension, their potential beneficial effects in JRA/RA have not been fully investigated. In fact, clinical trials of adrenal androgens in RA have only been conducted for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Further studies using prospective approaches are necessary to provide a unified consensus on the hormonal status of patients with JRA (as well as those with RA). This overview of our knowledge of the putative role(s) of hormones in arthritis will hopefully stimulate researchers in basic science and rheumatologists to synergistically collaborate in the effective translation of such knowledge to new clinical approaches.
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PMID:Could hormones make a difference in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? 1803 14

We investigated whether a low plasma testosterone level is related to endothelial dysfunction in men with coronary risk factors. One hundred and eighty-seven consecutive male outpatients (mean age+/-SD: 47+/-15 years) who underwent measurement of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery using ultrasonography were enrolled. The relationship between plasma hormones and FMD was analyzed. Total and free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were significantly correlated with %FMD (r=0.261, 0.354 and 0.295, respectively; p<0.001), while estradiol and cortisol were not. %FMD in the highest quartile of free testosterone was 1.7-fold higher than that in the lowest quartile. Multiple regression analysis revealed that total and free testosterone were related to %FMD independent of age, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking (beta=0.198 and 0.247, respectively; p<0.01), and were independent of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, smoking and nitroglycerin-induced dilation (beta=0.196 and 0.227, respectively; p<0.01). DHEA-S was not significantly related to %FMD in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, a low plasma testosterone level was associated with endothelial dysfunction in men independent of other risk factors, suggesting a protective effect of endogenous testosterone on the endothelium.
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PMID:Low testosterone level is an independent determinant of endothelial dysfunction in men. 1825 May 51

Age-related decline of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. We investigated whether plasma DHEA-S levels are related to endothelial function in postmenopausal women with coronary risk factors. One hundred and fifteen postmenopausal women (mean age+/-SD: 57+/-5 years; range: 48-65 years) who underwent measurement of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery using ultrasonography were enrolled. Plasma hormone levels were determined in the morning after a 14-h fast, and the relationship between hormone levels and FMD was analyzed. DHEA-S was significantly correlated with %FMD (r=0.392, p<0.001), while estradiol, total testosterone and cortisol were not. %FMD in the highest quartile of DHEA-S was 1.8-fold higher than that in the lowest quartile (5.3+/-1.3 vs. 2.9+/-2.0 [means+/-SD], p<0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that DHEA-S was related to %FMD independent of age, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking (beta=0.344, p<0.01), and was itself independent of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and smoking (beta=0.291, p<0.05). In conclusion, plasma DHEA-S levels were weakly but significantly related to endothelial function in postmenopausal women independent of other coronary risk factors, suggesting a protective effect of DHEA on the endothelium.
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PMID:Association of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels with endothelial function in postmenopausal women with coronary risk factors. 1836 20

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6n-3), a typical long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has many positive effects on diseases such as artherosclerosis, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and cancers. Marine fungi, especially Thraustochytrium spp. producing much DHA can serve as model organisms for explaining the mechanism on the biosynthesis of PUFA. We described two elongase genes (TFD6 and TFD5) involved in the biosynthesis of DHA in Thraustochytrium sp. FJN-10 was cloned by using reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. TFD6 cDNA was 816 bp in length and encoded a protein of 271 amino acids. TFD5 cDNA was 831 bp in length and encoded a protein of 276 amino acids. Transmembrane analysis revealed that TFD6 contained five transmembrane domains while TFD5 contained seven. Tertiary structures of TFD6, TFD5 elongases were predicted by HHMMSTR (Hidden markov model for local sequence-structure) model and Rosetta program. Alignment of TFD6, TFD5 with other elongases showed that both of them shared an HXXHH conserved histidine-rich motif. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TFD6 was the closest to Thraustochytrium 66 elongase, while TFD5 was the closest to Thraustochytrium sp. delta5 elongase. TFD6 and TFD5 were subcloned into the Hind III/Xba I restriction site of pYES2 vector respectively. Recombined plasmids were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae using lithium acetate method. Gas chromatography analysis showed that TFD6 could elongate C18:3n-3 to C20:3n-3 while TFD5 could elongate C20:5n-3 to C22:5n-3.
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PMID:[Cloning and expression of two elongase genes involved in the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid in Thraustochytrium sp. FJN-10]. 1843 98

We report a case of hypertension, hypokalemia, and amenorrhea accompanying an adrenocortical carcinoma. A 27-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of a left adrenal incidentaloma. She presented with hypertension, hypokalemia, and amenorrhea; her plasma renin activity was low, but her plasma aldosterone concentration was normal, as were cortisol and androgens. By contrast, her serum concentrations of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, and progesterone were high, and her urinary steroid profile showed elevated secretion of 17-deoxysteroids and 11-deoxysteroids (progesterone, DOC, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, and 11-deoxycortisol), and 3beta-hydroxy 5-en steroids (pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, and DHEA). Decreased ratios of metabolites of (1) 17-OHpregnenolone to pregnenolone and 17-OHprogesterone to progesterone, (2) corticosterone to DOC and cortisol to 11-deoxycortisol, and (3) progesterone to pregnenolone, 17-OHprogesterone to 17-OHpregnenolone and androstenedione to DHEA suggested the impairment of 17alpha-hydroxylase, 11beta-hydroxylase, and 3beta-HSD activities, respectively. After the tumor was removed, levels of all adrenal steroids were normalized. Based on the Weiss criteria, the tumor was diagnosed as an adrenocortical carcinoma, and immunohistochemical analysis of steroidogenic enzymes revealed disorganized steroidogenesis in the tumor tissue. With adrenocortical carcinomas, heterogeneity of individual steroid producing enzymes within tumor cells can lead to hypersecretion of various steroid intermediates, even when steroid end products are within the normal range.
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PMID:Close examination of steroidogenesis disorders in a DOC- and progesterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma. 1898 57

A 21-year-old girl arrived at our hospital with a short history of hirsutism, facial pletora, amenorrhea, progressive weight gain and hypertension. The clinically suspected Cushing syndrome was then confirmed through chemical pathology. In fact, the results from hemato-chemical exams were: 45.5 Ig/dl cortisol, a DHEA sulphate >8000 ng/ml, 7.2 pg/ml ACTH, 17OH-Progesterone 10.66 ng/ml, Delta-4 Androstenedione 5.2 ng/ml, UFC (Urine Free Cortisol) >1000 mg/24h, FSH 0.8 mUI/ml, LH < 0.1 mUI/ml, Prolactin 13, 17, estradiol 96 pg/ml, and a bonded hypokalaemia, K+ 2,4 mEq/L. The echogram of the complete abdomen reveals, near the superior pole of the left kidney, the presence of a solid mass, not independent from the pole itself about 9.5 centimetres long, diagnosis confirmed to the TC abdomen and pelvis too, with or without mdc. This removed mass resulted, from the histological exam, in an adrenal carcinoma with a general and trabecular structure. Primal adrenal tumours are responsible for about 10% of Cushing syndrome cases. They present an annual incidence of 0.5 - 2.0 cases per million of inhabitants. The prognosis of adrenal ca remains low, with 5 year survival rate for 38% of diagnosed patients.
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PMID:Cushing syndrome and adrenal carcinoma: a clinical case. 1953 29


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