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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

WE EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION between sociocultural status (assimilation, modernization, and socioeconomic status) and blood pressure among people of Mexican origin living in San Antonio, Texas, and Mexico City. In San Antonio, higher levels of sociocultural status, especially education and structural assimilation, were generally associated with favorable blood pressure. In Mexico City, greater modernization had a consistently beneficial effect on blood pressure in women, but a consistently harmful effect in men. Higher education was associated with lower prevalence of hypertension and greater awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in both sexes.
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PMID:Hypertension in the San Antonio Heart Study and the Mexico City Diabetes Study: sociocultural correlates. 889 64

THE 23 MILLION HISPANICS IN THE UNITED STATES represent a mosaic of varied ethnic groups, and many share ancestry and language. They comprise one of the fastest-growing segments of the U.S. population. Social, cultural, and physical differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics and among Hispanic subgroups affect the health of this population. Hispanics exhibit several risk factors for major health problems in differing levels from other populations. Most notably, Mexican Americans are 3 to 5 times more likely to have non-insulin-dependent diabetes than whites. Because of health factors and other distinguishing qualities, the health care establishment needs to do more research, especially on hypertension, and provide more culturally responsive health care for Hispanics. Surveys conducted in the early and mid-1980s show differing rates of hypertension among Hispanic groups, from lower levels to levels similar to those found in whites. Additional research is needed to identify the extent of hypertension incidence, awareness, and control in Hispanics, particularly among sub-groups. If hypertension rates are indeed lower than those in the general population, efforts should be made to identify and maintain the positive behaviors responsible.
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PMID:Hypertension in Hispanic Americans: overview of the population. 889 66

IN THE SAN LUIS VALLEY DIABETES STUDY (SLVDS) researchers studied hypertension morbidity and risk factors in 1788 Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) from the rural San Luis Valley in Colorado. Hypertension was defined by The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-V) criteria. In this population-based study, the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for hypertension did not differ significantly between non-diabetic Hispanics and NHW participants. Hypertension risk increased with age, heart rate, serum triglycerides, insulin area, and obesity (in young participants). Compared with the prevalence rates in non-diabetic participants, the rates were significantly higher in people with diabetes and increased with the duration of diabetes and central obesity. The risk of hypertension in diabetic Hispanics appeared to be somewhat lower than that in NHW diabetics.
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PMID:Hypertension among rural Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. 889 67

THE AUTHORS EXAMINED THE PREVALENCE of clinically diagnosed hypertension among all American Indian and Alaska Native outpatients served in Indian Health Service (IHS) facilities in fiscal year 1992, and compared these rates with a similar analysis done in 1987. In this report they provided data on that analysis as well as on the association between hypertension and diabetes. The 1992 overall estimated age-adjusted prevalence of clinically diagnosed hypertension in adults older than age 15 was 10.4%, compared with 10.9% in 1987, a small but significant decrease. Considerable variation exists in hypertension prevalence rates in American Indian communities as analyzed by IHS service area. This report represents an attempt to use ambulatory patient care data to demonstrate a means for ongoing surveillance of a chronic disease for the entire service population of the IHS. This comprehensive data set represents approximately 60% of the entire U.S. American Indian and Alaska Native population. Based on the ongoing nature of this ambulatory patient care data system, this model for hypertension surveillance permits a unique opportunity for longitudinal evaluation of quality improvement efforts for the American Indian and Alaska Native populations served by the IHS.
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PMID:Clinical hypertension in Native Americans: a comparison of 1987 and 1992 rates from ambulatory care data. 889 69

THE HEART DISEASE MORTALITY RATES of the Chippewa and Menominee, who reside in the upper Midwest, are higher than the rates of most other tribes in the United States. Little is known, however, about the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity among these communities. The Inter-Tribal Heart Project (ITHP) was designed to determine the prevalence of risk factors for heart disease and to implement community-based heart disease prevention programs. Age-stratified random samples of active users of the tribal-Indian Health Service (IHS) clinics, ages 25 and older, were drawn from three communities within the Bemidji Service Area. Between September 1992 and June 1994, 1396 people completed an extensive questionnaire and underwent a physical exam for heart disease risk factors. Preliminary data indicate mean blood pressure levels of 126 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 74.4 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Mean SBP and DBP were higher among men than women. Mean body mass index (BMI), which did not vary by gender, was 30.6 mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension was 33%; and diabetes, 33%. Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension than women, but there was little gender difference in the prevalence of diabetes. These preliminary data suggest that the prevalences of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in these communities are higher than the recent estimates for the total United States. The next stage of the ITHP will focus on policies and programs to prevent and treat these conditions.
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PMID:Blood pressure, diabetes, and body mass index among Chippewa and Menominee Indians: the Inter-Tribal Heart Project Preliminary Data. 889 70

THE PIMA INDIANS HAVE THE WORLD'S HIGHEST reported incidence of diabetes. Since 1965, this population has participated in a longitudinal epidemiological study of diabetes and its complications. The examinations have included a medical history for diabetes and other major health problems. The focus of this study is the correlation between the prevalence of hypertension and glucose tolerance in this population. Of the 4315 adults ages 18 and older, 50% had normal glucose tolerance; 12%, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); 8%, newly diagnosed diabetes; and 31%, previously diagnosed diabetes of a mean duration of 11 years. Age-sex adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 24% in those with normal glucose tolerance, 34% in those with IGT, and 40% in those with diabetes. Hypertension was more common in men than in women and was positively related to obesity. Of the 2667 children ages 6 to 17 years, 4% had IGT, and 1% had diabetes. Blood pressure was higher in boys than girls and was associated with older age and worse glucose tolerance. Longitudinal analyses of data from 188 children ages 5 to 9 years who had their follow-up exam at ages 18 to 24 revealed no relationship between insulin concentration and blood pressure in either sex. In this group mean blood pressure at followup was positively correlated with relative weight, mean blood pressure, and 2-hour post-load plasma glucose concentration at baseline. In a multiple regression model, relative weight was the strongest predictor of mean blood pressure at the follow-up exam.
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PMID:Hypertension in Pima Indians: prevalence and predictors. 889 71

WE ASSESSED THE PREVALENCE of obesity, high normal blood pressure (BP), and the relationship between BP and anthropometric measurements in a sample of Navajo adolescents. The prevalence of obesity in boys and girls was 3 times that expected in U.S. white adolescents of the same age (17.1% for boys, 15.9% for girls) using body mass index as a criterion. The prevalence of high normal BP (between the 90th and 95th percentiles) was nearly twice that expected by definition (8.7% for boys and 9.1% for girls). Although systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased significantly with age for boys and not for girls, SBP and DBP increased significantly with increasing body mass for both boys and girls. Given the high prevalence of obesity and the observed association with BP, primary prevention of hypertension among the Navajo should emphasize maintaining a healthy body weight at early ages.
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PMID:Blood pressure and body measurements among Navajo adolescents. 889 72

THE ESTIMATED TWO MILLION American Indians and Alaska Natives, while sharing certain genetic traits, belong to groups with distinct social, cultural, political, and biomedical attributes. They share with certain other ethnic minorities high poverty rates, low educational attainment, increased susceptibility to certain diseases, and elevated mortality rates. Hypertension has been reported less frequently among American Indians compared to other U.S. groups, but is increasing in frequency, is strongly associated with obesity and diabetes, and is synergistically associated with diabetes in the etiology of end-stage renal disease. The first priority for dealing with hypertension among American Indians is to maximize efforts toward control. The Indian Health Service (IHS) provides such an opportunity, which is not as readily available to other minorities. In addition to controlling hypertension, areas of fruitful investigation include studies relating hypertension to acculturation, physiology of peripheral adrenergic vasoreceptors, salt and water metabolism, and prevention or amelioration of end-stage renal disease. Understanding some of these basic processes will prove valuable for American Indians and Alaska Natives as well as the entire population.
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PMID:American Indians and Alaska Natives--overview of the population. 889 74

THE AUTHORS STUDIED THE PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS of hypertension in samples of 2053 Japanese ages 40 to 70 in Hiroshima, Hawaii, and Los Angeles. The prevalence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg, or receiving antihypertensive drug treatment) was higher in Hawaii and Los Angeles for both sexes and almost all ages than in Hiroshima. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in Hawaii, Los Angeles, and Hiroshima was 42.6%, 37.2%, and 29.7%. Hypertension was associated with a significant elevation in serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels in the combined participant population of Hawaii, Los Angeles, and Hiroshima. Age- and sex-adjusted mean values of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin were highest in Hawaii and lowest in Hiroshima. The mean body mass index and 2-hour serum glucose levels were greatest in Hawaii and equal in the two other cohorts. These results suggest that hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia may explain the prevalence of hypertension in the research participants.
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PMID:A comparison of the prevalence and risk factors of high blood pressure among Japanese living in Japan, Hawaii, and Los Angeles. 889 78

THE WORKSHOP ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION in Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian/Pacific Islander Americans concluded with a panel discussion of the findings from a scientific perspective. Panel members presented their ideas for research direction on measuring and identifying more accurately the frequency, distribution, and determinants of hypertension in minority populations, evaluating mechanisms leading to hypertension, and identifying the implications for public health and medical practice. Several members stressed the need for additional data collections, using standardized methods. They stated that future studies, including longitudinal ones, should target specific ethnic populations and subpopulations and address the role of acculturation, assimilation, modernization, and socio-economic status. They also recommended comparative and collaborative studies among groups. They emphasized the importance of obesity and diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance as determinants of hypertension in all three populations, and suggested that there may be differences in the etiology and pathophysiology of hypertension among the groups, with visceral adiposity or insulin resistance syndrome being more important in Asian populations. The potential for identification of genes involved in blood pressure variation and hypertension risk may help understand the interaction of genes with the environment. Minority groups in the United States share the problem of high prevalence of high blood pressure and low rates of control. For this reason, the panel urged a new era of community-based, culturally sensitive prevention and control projects.
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PMID:NHLBI workshop panel discussion: a scientific perspective. 889 82


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