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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The effect of chronic administration of propranolol on the development and maintenance of severe renal hypertension in rats subjected to unilateral renal artery constriction was studied in relation to possible changes in peripheral PRA and the blood and tissue levels of propranolol. Propranolol was administered s.c. twice daily in doses of 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg, starting 2 days before operation. 2. Contrary to expectations, not only did the initial rise in systolic blood pressure become accelerated, but the established level of hypertension attained in the propranolol treated rats was of the same severity as that attained in placebo treated rats. Moreover, the progressive rise in peripheral plasma renin activity following unilateral renal artery constriction was not affected by propranolol administration. 3. The same doses of propranolol were also administered daily for 8 days to rats with established severe hypertension. A slight further rise in blood pressure occurred initially, followed by a moderate decrease of 15-25 mmHg. Propranolol failed to exert this minor hypotensive effect in hypertensive rats treated concomitantly with furosemide. No suppressive effect on the markedly increased levels of plasma renin activity was observed in these severely hypertensive rats in the presence or absence of furosemide administration. 4. These results indicate that in severely renal hypertensive rats propranolol has only a minor hypotensive effect and no blocking action on renin release under the conditions of study.
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PMID:Effects of propranolol on development and maintanance of severe renal hypertension in rats. 100 94

1. In patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension, oral propranolol, given in incremental doses, produced a moderate but significant lowering of blood pressure which was correlated with the concentration of propranolol in plasma. 2. Propranolol also reduced plasma renin activity (PRA) in the supine posture, on standing and after intravenous frusemide. However, 'supine' and 'frusemide' PRA values were markedly reduced at a plasma concentration of propranolol that had little effect on blood pressure. 3. On administration of propranolol there was little correlation between blood pressure decrease and PRA suppression, and even less between pretreatment PRA values and hypotensive response. 4. It is concluded that in patients with mild and moderate hypertension and low or normal plasma renin activity, suppression of PRA is not an important determinant of the hypotensive response to propranolol.
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PMID:Hypotensive and renin-suppressing activities of propranolol in hypertensive patients. 105 79

1. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and renin dependency of the blood pressure was analysed in ten patients with various forms of hypertension before and during treatment with volume depletion and/or propranolol. Renin dependency was tested by infusion of the specific competitive angiotensin II antagonist Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II (P113). 2. The P113-induced fall of the blood pressure did correlate with the log PRA (r=0-888, P less than 0-001). This correlation was found irrespective of different types of hypertension and treatment schedules. 3. During volume depletion, PRA was stimulated and renin dependency of the blood pressure increased. Propranolol therapy suppressed PRA during normovolaemia as well as during volume depletion, and this was accompanied by a decrease of the renin dependency. 4. No incication was found that a given PRA is of special importance for blood pressure elevation in different patients. 5. Suppression of PRA by propranolol is one of the anti-hypertensive mechanisms of this drug.
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PMID:Change in the renin dependency of blood pressure induced by volume depletion and/or propranolol therapy in hypertensive patients. 107 4

1. Propranolol, when used for treating arterial hypertension, may influence determinants of both cardiac and vascular function; the consequent changes in cardiac performance may result from the interaction of different and possibly opposite effects. 2. Cardiac funtion was investigated in fifty-four primary hypertensive men in the pretreatment state and after 3 weeks of propranolol therapy at a daily dose of 320 mg. 3. beta-Receptor blockade caused depression of pre-injection left ventricular function, which was unrelated to the direction and the extent of changes in peripheral circulation. 4. The ejection left ventricular function could be either depressed or improved depending on the direction to which treatment shifted the vascular resistance, and consequently, the impedance to left ventricular ejection. 5. Withdrawal of the adrenergic support is probably the major factor responsible for the poor ventricular adaptation to an augmented impedance.
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PMID:Cardiac function in the treatment of arterial hypertension with propranolol. 107 80

1. In a health examination survey of 2322 men, aged 49-50 years, the prevalence of hypertension was 7-5%. All men with a supine diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 105 mmHg were invited to a hypertension clinic. 2. Two years' treatment in eighty-six men achieved a blood pressure reduction of 31/16 mmHg, which was maintained for a 4 years period and considered satisfactory in 80% of the subjects. Propranolol was used in more than 80% of the cases. 3. The study indicates that it is possible to obtain acceptable blood pressure control in the community.
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PMID:Treatment of hypertension in middle-aged men: a feasibility study in a community. 107 87

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of noradrenaline from dopamine, was assayed in the blood plasma of 19 cases with hypertension before and during beta-receptor blockade. Propranolol was given to 15 patients and I.C.I. 66,082 (a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker without intrinsic sympathomimetic properties) to 4 patients. - There was no effect by the drugs on the level of plasma DBH activity in spite of a good reduction of the blood pressure.
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PMID:Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase after treatment with beta-blockers in hypertension. 115 Mar 60

Thirteen patients with severe hypertension were treated with combined minoxidil, propranolol, and furosemide (mean daily doses 33 mg, 475 mg, and 578 mg, respectively) for nine to twenty-five months (mean 13.8). Average mean blood pressure while on aggressive therapy with conventional medication was 144 +/- 14 mm Hg; on minoxidil and propranolol it was 108 "/- 10 mm Hg (P less thator to optimum blood pressure control and required large doses of furosemide to control. Propranolol blunted the reflex tachycardia associated with arteriolar dilator therapy but all patients continued with a clinically hyperdynamic circulation. Seven of seven had elevated ejection fractions on echocardiogram, and two of three had elevated cardiac indices. Three of three who had heart catheterization had pulmonary hypertension which was aggravated by exercise. An additional three patients on hydralazine, propranolol, and furosemide also had pulmonary hypertension suggesting this is not unique to minoxidil. Two of thirteen developed pericardial effusions. Renal function improved in three and worsened in three.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of severe hypertension with minoxidil, propranolol and furosemide. 115 86

Statistical analysis of the realtion between blood pressure and renal function in 421 patients with CGN, referred to the Second Internal Medicine at Nihon University Hospital, and in 253 Hypertensive patients with CGN by questionaires sent to 29 Medical Universities were investigated. The relationship between survival rate and blood pressure of 84 patients with CGN in Surugadai Nihon University Hospital was also examined. These data show that antihypertensive therapy for CGN with hypertension has an important effect on prognosis. Propranolol was given to 10 hypertensive patients with CGN and hypotensive effect on renal function was observed. Our experience suggests that propranolol may be useful for treating a high renin component in the hypertension with non renal failure, and renal function does not become worse. But in renal failure, propranolol therapy must be used carefully because of inducement to cardiac failure.
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PMID:Therapy and prognosis of hypertension in chronic nephritis. 115 36

Twenty-six patients were selected for treatment with minoxidil on the basis of hypertension which could not be controlled either because of (1) drug failures and/or (2) side effects of drugs. Sixteen out of the 26 had had one or more previous episodes of malignant hypertension. Reduced renal function was present in the majority; eight patients were on dialysis. Average preminoxidil blood pressure was 202/127 mm. Hg supine and 162/106 upright which fell to 154/87 supine and 143/86 upright after minoxidil. Propranolol or methyldopa was given to control the reflex increase in heart rate. Edema and congestive heart failure refractory to large doses of potent diuretics necessitated discontinuation of the drug in two patients. Minoxidil proved highly efficacious regardless of initial level of blood pressure, etiology, or supine or upright posture.
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PMID:Minoxidil in severe hypertension: value when conventional drugs have failed. 116 28

Seventeen patients who were partially or totally refractory to maximal doses of conventional antihypertensive agents were treated with minoxidil. Three patients were receiving long-term maintenance dialysis. Propranolol and diuretics were given to prevent reflex tachycardia and fluid retention. Initial control of blood pressure was excellent in 16 patient. In one patient, diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged (120 mm Hg) despite 60 mg of minoxidil and volume depletion. In three other patients, secondary resistance developed, and the addition of guanethidine was necessary. The main side-effects were fluid retention (in eight) and hypertrichosis (in ten), accompanied in some by a peculiar coarsening of the facial features. Renal function stabilized or improved in most, and urine output increased in the three hemodialysis patients. We conclude that minoxidil is a valuable drug in severe hypertension.
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PMID:Severe hypertension. Treatment with minoxidil. 117 32


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