Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in serum, DBH and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities in mesenteric vessels, and DBH and TH activities in locus coeruleus and hypothalamus of brain did not differ significantly between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR) at 16 weeks of age when hypertension of SHR was fixed. In contrast, DBH and TH activities in vas deferens and adrenal glands were significantly higher in SHR than in WKR. These changes in SHR at 16 weeks of age after establishment of hypertension are directly opposite those reported previously in SHR at 3 weeks of age before the onset of hypertension.
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PMID:Norepinephrine-synthesizing enzymes in brain, adrenals and peripheral sympathetic nerves of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2 83

The adrenaline content of specific brain stem areas was decreased in young (4 week-old) but not in adult (14 week-old) SHR. Some of these areas also showed increased PNMT activity, indicating a possible enhanced release or metabolism of adrenaline early in the development of the hypertension. Dopamine and noradrenaline levels, on the contrary, were not changed either in young or adult animals. Administration of a PNMT inhibitor to adult SHR resulted in a decrease of the blood pressure in SHR to control levels. These observations support the hypothesis of a participation of adrenergic mechanisms in the development of genetic hypertension, and indicate the possibility for the use of PNMT inhibitors as hypotensive agents.
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PMID:Adrenaline levels in brain stem nuclei and effects of a PNMT inhibitor on spontaneously hypertensive rats. 42 91

The hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside and dopamine were studied in 28 children early after intracardiac repair. Children were placed in six groups, five according to their anatomic lesion and one made up of those who had postoperative pulmonary artery hypertension, to evaluate the possible differences in response of the pulmonary arterial vasculature to the drugs. Seven children had repair of an atrial septal defect; six, repair of tetralogy of Fallot; four, repair of ventricular septal defect; five, surgery for pulmonary stenosis; one, closure of a left ventricular to right atrial tunnel; and five, postoperative pulmonary artery hypertension. Dopamine was infused at 8 microgram/kg/min, and nitroprusside at 3 microgram/kg/min. With dopamine, the heart rate increased an average of 10% and the cardiac index 11%; both increases were statistically significant. Changes in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, however, were not. With nitroprusside, the heart rate increased an average of 9% and the cardiac index 5%, while there was a significant decrease in both systemic (-20%) and pulmonary (-27%) vascular resistance. With the combination of dopamine and nitroprusside, both the cardiac index (+13%) and heart rate (+20%) increased significantly while systemic vascular resistance fell an average of 23% from control, and the pulmonary vascular resistance decreased 21%. Drug response among all five anatomic subgroups tended to be similar. We conclude that an afterload-reducing agent, such as nitroprusside and an inotropic drug such as dopamine, may have potential clinical advantages when used together in children providing heart rate does not become excessive.
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PMID:Effects of nitroprusside and dopamine on pulmonary arterial vasculature in children after cardiac surgery. 44 65

The activity of the adrenaline-forming enzyme, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and the levels of the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were determined during the development of the DOCA-salt hypertension in selective areas of the rat brain stem and hypothalamus. Increases in PNMT activity were restricted to the A1 area and locus coeruleus after 2 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment and were extended to the A2 area after 9 weeks of treatment. Adrenaline concentrations were higher in these areas only after 9 weeks of treatment. Noradrenaline levels did not change, except in the nucleus tractus commissuralis. Dopamine levels were unchanged at all times and in all structures studied. These results implicate brain stem adrenaline neurons in the central response which occurs during the DOCA-salt experimental hypertension.
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PMID:Brain catecholamines during development of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. 50 25

Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured in the supine position and after standing for 10 minutes in 14 patients with sustained benign essential hypertension and in five patients with labile hypertension. Results were compared with values obtained in 11 normotensive control subjects. In controls plasma noradrenaline concentrations increased with age, while plasma adrenaline values tended to decrease with age. No significant difference in mean plasma noradrenaline was found between hypertensive and control subjects, but plasma noradrenaline seemed slightly increased in a proportion of hypertensive patients aged less than 50. Plasma adrenaline was considerably raised in both supine and standing positions in eight patients with sustained hypertension and in two with labile hypertension. Dopamine concentrations and plasma renin activity were similar in all groups studied. The finding of significantly raised plasma adrenaline concentrations in a large proportion of hypertensive patients supports the hypothesis that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is increased in essential hypertension. Measurement of plasma adrenaline seems to be a more sensitive index of this activity than that of plasma noradrenaline.
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PMID:Increased plasma adrenaline concentrations in benign essential hypertension. 58 24

Hemodynamic, investigations carried out on 25 patients suffering from acute respiratory distress in the adult established a specific hemodynamic profile for that syndrome, including precapillary pulmonary artery hypertension and systemic arterial hypotension. The level of pulmonary vascular resistance (abnormally high) and systemic arterial resistance (abnormally low) were referred to the cardiac index (which may be increased in some patients due to infusions of Dopamine, or reduced in others due to an veno-arterial bypass). The observed hemodynamic disorders are not related to hypoxemia since this is corrected by permanent positive pressure breathing, or by extracorporeal oxygenation.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic profile in acute respiratory distress syndromes in the adult (author's transl)]. 60 Jul 12

One hundred and forty-four human pineal glands obtained at necropsy were analysed for their content of catecholamines, indolealkylamines and calcium and the findings related to sex, age, terminal illness and medication. A preliminary study of 45 pineal organs revealed no significant differences in amine pattern in glands removed 6-48 hours post mortem. A statistically significant difference of pineal weight, calcium and amine content could not be detected in glands of age-matched groups of male and female patients who died suddenly without apparent clinical illness. A highly significant correlation between pineal weight and calcium content was established in patients older than 60 years. Considerable variability of amine levels existed in all groups of patients. Adrenaline as well as noradrenaline were detected in most glands. This finding was corroborated by the formation of radioactively labelled adrenaline from noradrenaline and 14C-S-adenosylmethionine by extracts from human pineals. Dopamine was most abundant in glands from patients dying of malignant tumours. The content of the indolealkylamines (5-hydroxytryptamine and melatonine) varied between a few nanograms to 21 mug/g tissue. The highest mean calcium content was detected in glands of patients who died of renal disease associated with hypertension.
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PMID:Catecholamine, indolealkylamine and calcium levels of human pineal glands in various clinical conditions. 100 48

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), an enxyme catalyzing the final step in the synthesis of norepinephrine, is released with norepinephrine on stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. In this study an enzymatic colorimetric method was used to assay serum DBH activity in 196 individuals of whom 169 were either the parents or children in 29 families. We examined the association of DBH with age and with hypertension and the faamilial pattern of distribution of serum DBH activity. Serum DBH activity was highest in te groups 10 to 14, 40 to 49, and over 60 years. There was no significant difference in serum DBH activity between normal subjects and individuals with hypertension in any age group. tfurthermore, there was no significant correlation of mean blood pressure with serum DBH activity with or without correction of DBH for age differences; Highly significant correlations of serum DBH activity were found in sibling-sibling pairs and in mean parent-child pairs. No significant correlations were found for father-mother pairs. These observations suggest that the contribution of heredity is more important that shared environment in determining the familial pattern of distribution of serum DBH activity. Serum DBH activity did not have a bimodal distribution in the population. Noevidence was found for a maternal influence or for sex linkage in the transmission of this trait. Our data, derived from this study restricted to families with only two generations, are not adequate to specify with confidence the mode of inheritance of DBH activity in the general population.
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PMID:Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in parents and children. 112 Sep 28

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of noradrenaline from dopamine, was assayed in the blood plasma of 19 cases with hypertension before and during beta-receptor blockade. Propranolol was given to 15 patients and I.C.I. 66,082 (a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker without intrinsic sympathomimetic properties) to 4 patients. - There was no effect by the drugs on the level of plasma DBH activity in spite of a good reduction of the blood pressure.
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PMID:Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase after treatment with beta-blockers in hypertension. 115 Mar 60

The central cardiovascular and dipsogenic effects of angiotensin II involve interactions with norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Our findings that angiotensin II receptors and substance P immunoreactivity show a parallel distribution in the dorsal medulla and that angiotensin II releases substance P from perfused rat medulla slices revealed the potential for a functional relation between these peptidergic systems as well. Additional evidence suggests that the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) exerts its biological activities via selective angiotensin receptor subtypes. Thus, we compared the effects of these two peptides on release of substance P and monoamines in perfused slices of medulla and hypothalamus from 77 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Transmitter levels were determined in 6-minute collections of perfusate before (basal), during (experimental), and after (recovery) perfusion with either angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II, or Krebs' solution alone (control). Substance P was measured by radioimmunoassay and monoamines and their metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the medulla, 2 microM angiotensin II but not angiotensin-(1-7) significantly increased efflux of substance P (221 +/- 87% of basal) and norepinephrine (130 +/- 17% of basal) during the experimental period. The effect of angiotensin II on substance P was sustained into the recovery period. Dopamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were not detected in this brain region. In the hypothalamus, both angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin II increased substance P (169 +/- 30% and 141 +/- 35% of basal, respectively); the effect of angiotensin II was sustained throughout the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1992 Feb
PMID:Differential actions of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) on transmitter release. 134 28


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