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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. In thirty six patients with various circulatory diseases, the influence of exercise on myocardial carbohydrate metabolism was observed by use of coronary sinus catheterization. Bicycle ergometry was performed in supine position at a level of fifty watts for fifteen minutes. 2. The myocardial carbohydrate metabolism was not significantly affected by the manipulations with coronary sinus catheterization. 3. At resting state, there was no significant difference among disease groups except that myocardial lactate extraction ratio showed lower values in some cases of the patients with coronary heart disease. 4. During exercise, in cases of neurocirculatory asthenia and hypertension without coronary insufficiency, the myocardial carbohydrate usage was increased with the increase in coronary blood flow and the arterial concentration, maintaining of the carbohydrate extraction ratio. In cases of hypertensive coronary failure, the myocardial carbohydrate usage was maintained chiefly with remarkable increase in the arterial concentration in spite of no significant change of coronary blood flow and the carbohydrate extraction ratio. In normotensive coronary heart disease, the myocardial carbohydrate usage decreased or slightly increased, chiefly due to strong decrease in the extraction ratio and to the lowest increase in coronary blood flow. In many cases the carbohydrate release out of the heart muscle was observed. For the most of the cases of the other heart diseases, the latent disturbance of myocardial carbohydrate metabolism was revealed by exercise in spite of the good response of coronary circulation. 5. The myocardial uptake, extraction ratio and usage of lactate were significantly lower in the ischemic ECG positive group than in the negative group, in spite of significantly higher increase in the arterial concentration in the positive group. The myocardial metabolism of pyruvate during exercise was similar to that of lactate, but the myocardial metabolism of glucose was not clearly correlated with ECG changes.
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PMID:[Study on myocardial carbohydrate and energy metabolism during exercise in patients with circulatory diseases (author's transl)]. 115 95

Twenty-six patients with hypertension secondary to acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis were treated by the rapid intravenous infusion of diazoxide. The average pretreatment systolic pressure was 159 mm Hg. Five minutes after administration, the average systolic pressure was 122 mm Hg (a 23% reduction). The average initial diastolic pressure was 104 mm Hg, which fell 5 minutes after diazoxide injection to 71 mm Hg (a 32% reduction). No hypotensive episodes were noted. Occasional episodes of nausea occurred. Concentrations of blood glucose increased after administration of diazoxide; however, no values were above 155 mg/dl. Diazoxide appears to be a safe antihypertensive drug that is effective in the treatment of hypertension secondary to acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Intravenous diazoxide in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. 118 52

This paper describes an infant with gastroenteritis, who developed hypertension and oedema after administration of inaccurately prepared oral glucose salt solution. The renin aldosterone system was suppressed in this child and it was suggested that this may be a factor in the development of hypernatraemia when abnormal water losses occur in infants fed on hyperosmolar feeds. Unless salt can be given accurately in small amounts it may be safer to advise feeds of glucose only in infants with mild diarrhoea.
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PMID:Hypertension, oedema, and suppressed renin aldosterone system due to unsupervised salt administration. 119 Aug 14

In a controlled study on 121 patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (75 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia, 15 diabetics, 31 patients without metabolic disease) the relationship between risk factors (hyperlipoproteinemia, obesity, hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, smoking) and the degree and localisation of sclerotic lesions was investigated by angiography. The degree was directly related in all patients to the number of risk factors, in Type IIa to cholesterol levels, in diabetics and Type IV with abnormal glucose tolerance to age. The latter patients were 5-10 years older than patients with Type IIa and showed 2 or more additional risk factors. The sclerotic lesions affected in Type IIa, less in Type IIb, predominately the pelvic vessels. Diabetics and Type IV patients showed a distal arterial involvement. The difference was significant. The degree of sclerotic lesions in arteries of the pelvis and the distal lower limb was positively correlated with the cholesterol-triglyceride ratio. Smoking aggravated the pelvic lesions in Type IV. Hypertension lead to more pronounced lesions of the distal lower limb in Type II. S-shaped tortuosities of the big vessels were shown to be typical, independent of localisation or degree.
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PMID:Primary hyperlipoproteinemias as risk factors in peripheral artery disease documented by arteriography. 119 76

A number of cardiovascular and endocrine responses which occur during and after feeding in the unweaned calf are described. 2. There was a substantial increase in both heart rate and mean aortic blood pressure during feeding in these animals. This occurred within the first few seconds and persisted throughout the period of ingestion. 3. The concentrations of glucose, insulin and gastrin in arterial plasma rose abruptly during, or immediately after, feeding and elevated values persisted for at least 2 hr. A transient increase in glucagon concentration was also observed. In contrast, feeding appeared to produce no immediate rise in enteroglucagon concentration. 4. The adrenal output of glucocorticoids rose transiently in response to feeding but that of catecholamines was unaffected. 5. Cardiovascular responses to feeding were also examined in other species. In unweaned kids the changes were essentially similar to those observed in the calf but were less pronounced. In lambs a persistent hypertension occurred which was associated with a brief initial tachycardia. In adult dogs ingestion of solid food also caused tachycardia but although the aortic blood pressure rose for a short period at the beginning of feeding, hypotension developed thereafter. 6. The possibility that both the cardiovascular and endocrine responses, which occur during or immediately after feeding, are mediated by the autonomic nervous system is discussed.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and endocrine responses to feeding in the young calf. 120 79

37 patients below the age of 50 have been observed following acute 1st-time cerebrovascular lesion. Predisposing factors were found in nearly all cases. Hypertension was found to be present in about 1/2 of the patients suffering from cerebral hemorrhage and in 1/4 of those with cerebral infarction, 6 females were on oral contraceptives. Mortality within 1 month was 35% and was essentially caused by a very high mortality among patients with cerebral hemorrhage. A check after 30 months showed that 16 patients were still alive and 11 were able to perform some sort of work. A high incidence of diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism was exhibited among the survivors as seen from intravenous glucose tolerance tests. As compared with higher age groups, those younger stroke survivors have fairly good chances of going back to work. Health surveys, screening of the relatives of patients wi th hypertension or other vascular diseases, and rehabilitative resources are needed to trace possible stroke victims early and to rehabilitate those who have already been stricken.
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PMID:Stroke before fifty. Experiences from a five-year study. 120 88

The screening phase of a multifactorial intervention study which is carried out under the direction of the WHO and the aim of which is the influence on mild forms of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and slightly disturbed glucose tolerance was supplemented by an electrocardiogram after work under the conditions of screening. The questionnaire contained in the investigation program for the statistical establishment of a typical angina pectoris after work according to Rose and the modified electrocardiographic test after work were tested concerning their evidence in the early recognition of a coronary sclerosis. As reference test served the Watt-step-test recommended by a group of experts of the WHO. An extensive correlation between screening after work and Watt-step-test was found. Questionnaire according to Rose and gradual load, however, had a smaller correspondence. The result of other investigations was that the distribution of the factors of risk does not give any clear reference to the existence of a latent coronary insufficiency.
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PMID:[Comparison of various screening methods for the diagnosis of chronic ischemic heart disease]. 121 Apr 55

This summary of management of pill patients covers contraindications, individualizing pill formulations for normal women, and for diabetics, hypertensives, hyperlipidemics and those with personal or familial history of thrombophebitic or vascular disorders. The estrogen or progestagen balance of a pill can be selected to suit the individual. All patients beginning oral contraception should have pelvic exam, breast exam, cervical smear, fasting blood glucose, hematology and SMA-12, repeated in 3 months and yearly thereafter. Normally the pill causes transitory deterioration in glucose tolerance, increased growth hormone, a permanent change in insulin response, effects that are irreversible in 20% of users. Prediabetics should be given sequentials; diabetics should be followed weekly or monthly during oral contraception. Severe hypertension occurs in about 1% of pill users, but the risk is 4 times higher in women who had hypertension in pregnancy. Patients with increased personal or familial risk should be checked every 3 months and pills stopped immediately if blood pressure exceeds 150/100. In pill users cholesterol and free fatty acids remain normal, but lipoproteins, lecithins and triglycerides increase after 6 weeks to a plateau by 6-18 months, in proportion to estrogen dose. Since patients normally only discover hyperlipidemia after a clinical event such as xanthoma or vascular accident, those with related familial or personal history should have blood lipid studies every 3 months, and be given a progestagen only pill. Adolescents who are at high risk of pregnancy should receive progestagen or sequential pills, if their growth, bone age, hypothalamic function and reproductive organs are mature. The risk of idiopathic or posttraumatic thromboembolism is 3-9 times higher in pill users than in the normal population, but the only way of testing for risk in an individual is to do a detailed series of coagulation tests. Those predisposed should be given progestagen only or low dose pills.
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PMID:[Program of surveillance of patients under oral contraceptives]. 122 Jan 2

Aortic intima-media was isolated from three groups of rats varying in age from 6.5 to 72 wk and from 16-wk-old rats with renal hypertension and sham-operated controls. Tissues were incubated with [U-14C]glucose for 3 h, and the incorporation of glucose into lactate, carbon dioxide, and total lipids was measured. The amounts of glucose converted to each product, per microgram of aortic DNA, increased with advancing age of donor rats over the entire range of age studied. Effects of hypertension on aortic glucose utilization were in the same direction as the effects of age, but more pronounced. Effects of age and hypertension were greatest on the conversion of glucose to carbon dioxide and least on its conversion to lipids. Significant although less marked increases in aortic glucose utilization with age and hypertension were also revealed when results were calculated on the basis of tissue weight.
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PMID:Effects of age and hypertension on utilization of glucose by rat aorta. 125 7

In a health examination survey of more than 2,000 middle-aged men the prevalence of hypertension, defined as supine DBP greater than or equal to 105 mmHg and including those on treatment, was 7.5%. Half of the hypertensives were untreated. A satisfactory BP control was present in 27.6% of the total hypertensive population. Untreated hypertensives had a higher relative body weight and a greater skinfold thickness, indicating a greater degree of obesity, than a population sample from the same survey. They also had more hyperuricaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, fasting as well as during i.v. glucose tolerance test. However, when the hypertensives were compared to normotensive, weight-matched controls, most of these differences were eliminated. The findings indicate that the metabolic disturbances in hypertensives are associated with overweight and suggest that weight reduction might be beneficial not only for the BP but also for correcting the metabolic pattern.
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PMID:Detection and characterization of middle-aged men with hypertension. 126 64


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