Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various aspects of OC (oral contraceptive) use are discussed. The combination and sequential preparations are the 2 most frequently used OCs. OCs regulate hormone secretion through a "feedback mechanism" which in turn regulates ovulation. The initial choice of the type of OC to be prescribed is made according to the length and volume of and the interval between menstrual bleedings. The risk of developing thromboembolic diseases is the most freqeunt serious side effect of OC use; this is, however, influenced by several predisposing and risk factors. Hypertension has also been observed in OC users, as well as irregularities in liver function (cholestasis), the endocrine system, and glucose tolerance. There is no evidence that OC use is related to a higher incidence of cancer. Studies show that OC use has no effect on later fertility, except perhaps in the case of the abortion rate.
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PMID:[Evaluation of modern contraception]. 75 9

Plasma cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels and frequency of lipoprotein abnormalities were investigated in 126 untreated maturity-onset diabetics and 126 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Serum triglyceride levels were higher (mean: 1.67 mmol/l) and type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia occurred more frequently (16.7%) in the diabetic group as compared with the controls (1.29 mmol/l and 4.8% respectively). These findings were not explained by an excessive frequency of renal disease, hypertension or drug treatment amongst the diabetics. Normal men showed higher serum triglyceride (mean: 1.36 mmol/l) and lower plasma cholesterol (mean: 5.6 mmol/l) levels than normal women (1.21 mmol/l and 6.4 mmol/l respectively). No sex difference was seen amongst the diabetics. Triglyceride levels fell after one month of dietary treatment but only remained lowered in diabetics who required sulphonylureas for glycaemic control. After treatment for one year the correlation between serum triglycerides and blood glucose rose from r = 0.15 (NS) before treatment to r = 0.43 (p less than 0.001). Similarly the correlation between serum triglycerides and ponderal index rose from r = 0.19 (NS) to r = 0.28 (p less than 0.02).
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PMID:Lipid abnormalities in untreated maturity-onset diabetics and the effect of treatment. 75 52

Intra-arterial injections of bradykinin into the hindlimb of the rabbit cause two types of cardiovascular reflex effects displayed in succession. The first-type effects appear early and are of inhibitory nature, being represented by systemic hypotension, contralateral hindlimb vasodilation and bradycardia; the second-type effects appear later and are excitatory in nature, consisting of hypertension, hindlimb vasoconstriction and tachycardia and occur closely associated with behavioral manifestations typical of the reaction to pain. Both the depressor and pressor effects are accompanied by hyperventilation. Analogous biphasic reflex responses may be caused by intraarterial injections of potassium ions. On the contrary, hypertonic solutions (NaCl, glucose) usually only produce second-type excitatory responses. No significant cardiocirculatory reflex effects are induced by even high doses of serotonin, nicotine, adenosine, adenosine triphosphate, adrenalin, noradrenalin, angiotensin, vasopressin and oxytocin. General anesthesia greatly inhibits the pressor reflexes and potentiates the depressor responses (to bradykinin and K ions) but does not appear to be a necessary condition for provoking depressor reflexes by chemical stimulation of somatic afferents. Both chemoreflex responses are prevented by sectioning the somatic nerves of the injected limb. Denervation of sinoaortic areas and of cardiopulmonary receptors by bilateral cervical vagotomy or complete removal of the skin from the injected limb does not prevent either type of chemoreflex response. These depressor and pressor chemoreflexes have been ascribed to activation of two functionally distinct types of sensory receptors in the skeletal muscle, differently sensitive to chemical substances and selectively concerned with different patterns of cardiocirculatory reflex response.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and respiratory chemoreflexes from the hindlimb sensory receptors evoked by intra-arterial injection of bradykinin and other chemical agents in the rabbit. 76 67

A 40-year-old patient with a ten-year history of acromegaly had persistent disease despite prior treatment with conventional pituitary radiotherapy and two transsphenoidal hypophysectomies. Initial evaluation showed characteristic acromegalic features, hypertension, amenorrhea, inappropriate diaphoresis, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus despite isophane insulin suspension daily. Growth-hormone levels were high and did not suppress with glucose load. Treatment with bromocriptine was associated with prompt improvement in glucose intolerance, with elimination of insulin requirement within 72 hours of institutions of this therapy. Blood pressure normalized; inappropriate diaphoresis disappeared. Within three months ovulatory menses were noted to resume for the first time in ten years. There was progressive improvement in the soft-tissue changes of acromegaly. The growth-hormone levels fell within three hours after the first dose of bromocryptine and remained suppressed throughout her six-month course of therapy.
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PMID:Complete remission of acromegaly with medical treatment. 76 12

The heat precipitation method (Aberdeen method) was compared with the Ratnoff and Menzie method of fibrinogen assay in 320 donors, including normals and patients suffering from malignant melanoma, renal failure, hypertension, multiple myeloma, etc. Excellent correlation (r=0-8287, p less than 0-000 000 1) was found between these two methods. However, on some occasions individual low results were obtained by the Aberdeen method in the presence of cryoglobulins or excessively high plasma viscosity. The latter effect was tested also by additions of albumin, glucose, and dextrans.
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PMID:Re-evaluation of heat precipitation method for plasma fibrinogen estimation: effect of abnormal proteins and plasma viscosity. 77 32

A brief survey of the literature on the side effects of oral contraceptives is given. Of the many influences on laboratory results those related to (reversible) cholestasis or to a change in protein synthesis are the most important ones. A decrease of the tolerance for glucose is sometimes observed. Few of the clinical side effects attributed to oral contraceptives can be directly correlated with the pharmaceutical action of these drugs. Many so-called side effects of the pill are due to other factors such as altered psychosociological or sexual behavior, etc. However, among users of oral contraceptives there is a significant decrease in the number of benign tumors, particularly of the breast, the uterus and the ovaries. It is still an open question if this also signifies protection against cancer. Anemias due to iron deficiency are less frequent among users of the pill. According to recent studies arterial hypertension and cholecystopathies are probably directly related to oral contraceptives, but a causal relation has not been proven for migraine, headaches, depression etc. An elevated risk for vascular complications seems to be well established: there is a 4-6-fold increase of the estimated risk for venous thrombo-embolism and a 4-9-fold increase for cerebrovascular accidents among users of oral contraceptives when compared with nonpregnant women of the same age not using the pill. Oral contraceptives act as a supplementary factor of risk which may cumulate with other similar factors, such as arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, overweight, smoking etc. Mortality due to oral contraceptives is very much 10-50 x) inferior to the one caused by delivery and the post partum state. Since the number of failures in prevention of pregnancies is less for oral contraceptives than for any other method of contraception, the overall risk of death under oral contraceptives in this age group of women is least.
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PMID:[Real and seeming side-effects of oral contraceptives with an emphasis on medical and haematological problems. Review of literature (author's transl)]. 79 Mar 74

43 male albino rats were investigated to find out what are the effects of bilateral exclusion of pes hippocampus structures upon the development of arterial hypertension released by learning stress exposure. The following results were obtained: 5 weeks of stress exposure (learning load and heavy learning load) caused disturbances of information-processing events of the central nervous system in all the animals with hippocampal lesions. Systolic blood pressure values, fasting blood sugar values, and adrenal weights fall within the physiological range. The B-cells of the pancreatic islets show hypergranulation. Functional tests of the blood pressure under exercise load, and of blood sugar under glucose load revealed normal reactions in animals with hippocampal lesions. In animals with intact brains the same stress exposure caused pathologic malfunctioning (under learning stress) or even premorbid states. The results being considered in relation to the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension show that the exclusion of circumscribed areas of the hippocampus prevents the development of permanent, stress-induced emotional excitations spreading into the viscerum.
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PMID:[Correlations between hippocampus function and stressed learning and their effect on cerebro-visceral regulation processes]. 79 Aug 74

Seven patients with Candida meningitis are reported. These 7, plus 21 previously cited cases, were reviewed. This infection arose by two distinct mechanisms: hematogenous dissemination and direct inoculation. Recent antibiotic therapy, corticosteroid administration and severe underlying diseases were important predisposing factors. Fever, meningismus, elevated CSF pressures and localizing neurologic signs were commonly noted. Organisms were seen on gram-stain of CSF in only 43% of cases. Mortality rate in patients receiving inadequate or no antifungal therapy was high (greater than 90%), while those patients given appropriate antifungal drugs, especially intravenous amphotericin B, had a significantly lower mortality rate (38%). Several factors associated with poor prognosis were delineated in this study: diagnostic interval after symptomatic onset longer than two weeks, CSF glucose levels below 35 mg/100 ml and presence of intracranial hypertension and focal neurologic deficits.
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PMID:Candida meningitis. Report of seven cases and review of the english literature. 79 28

Diazoxide was given orally to nine hypertensive patients with renal failure and its effect on blood pressure and on glucose metabolism was studied. There was no long-term antihypertensive effect. During treatment insulin release and glucose assimilation after an intravenous glucose load were frankly impaired, but this impairment was reversible after stopping the treatment. Two major complications (diabetic ketoacidosis and pancreatitis) were observed. In view of these observations, the authors are of the opinion that oral diazoxide is contraindicated in the treatment of hypertension in patients with renal failure.
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PMID:Oral diazoxide contraindicated in severe hypertension with renal failure. 81 Feb 87

A morphometric study of the pancreatic islets in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Okamoto and Aoki Wistar strain) and in normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) of the same age revealed that the SHR (in prehypertensive and in early hypertensive stages) had a significantly smaller mass of islet tissue and that the number of islets in the SHR was reduced by half. The ratio between the total masses of the pancreatic islets for the NWR and the SHR at the prehypertensive and early hypertensive stages was found to be: 1:0.53:0.61, respectively. The mass of the islet tissue in the SHR was reduced at the expense of the beta-cell component of the islets. No morphologic differences were found in the acinous tissue, and the pancreas and body weights were the same in both experimental groups. The glucose tolerance test revealed reduced glucose utilization in the SHR, which may be due to a relative insufficiency of the insulin secretion by the islets upon rapid (i.v.) glucose lodaing. Reduced plasma insulin response to i.v. glucose loading and a reduced rate of insulin utilization were found in the SHR as compared with the NWR. The poor development of the beta-cell tissue may be attributed either to the specific effect of the enhanced catecholamine excretion or to a low insulin requirement of the cell tissue membranes (insulin targets) as a consequence of the membrane ion transport alteration in spontaneous hypertension.
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PMID:Reduction of the beta-cell component of pancreatic islets in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 82 75


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