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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When pathophysiological and pathogenetic aspects of hypertension are taken into consideration with special regard to diabetes mellitus the exhaustion of the "insulin enhancement" within the cerebrovisceral functional systems (Baumann) are discussed and the authors enter possible connections of diabetes mellitus to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. After explanation of the diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic pharmacodynamic qualities of the antihypertensive drugs adequate therapeutic recommendations are proposed summarized in a figure. The authors conclude that for the present antihypertensive therapy in diabetics taking into consideration the references reported on there are sufficient possibilities of treatment for all degrees of severity of hypertension. Such preparations as Rausedan, Disotat, Dopegyt appear as particularly suitable; moreover, the beta receptor blockers, Haemiton, Depressan as well as Guanitil and Pargylin prove to be possible or without disadvantage, respectively. Especially when diuretics are described an exact control of the metabolism should be carried out.
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PMID:[Treatment of hypertonus in diabetes mellitus]. 0 29

The activity of lysyl oxidase which catalyzes the initial step of cross-linking of collagen and elastin polypeptides was measured in blood vessels of the hypertensive rat. The enzyme activity was increased in the aorta and mesenteric artery when hypertension was induced in 8-week-old rats with administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and 1% saline. Reserpine diminished this increase in vascular lysyl oxidase activity concomitant with reduction in blood pressure. When beta-aminopropionitrile, a specific inhibitor of lysyl oxidase, was administered before the onset of DOCA-salt hypertension, the aortic collagen content was reduced markedly. Concomitant with reduction in the aortic collagen content, the development of hypertension and arteriosclerotic changes in the kidney was partially prevented. These results would indicate that hypertension increases the amount and the degree of cross-linking of vascular collagen and that the deposition of excess collagen in the vascular wall contributes to the development of hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
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PMID:Increased lysyl oxidase activity in blood vessels of hypertensive rats and effect of beta-aminopropionitrile on arteriosclerosis. 2 27

The number of patients with cerebral infarctions increases as the population ages, despite campaigns against hypertension, the greatest risk factor. Cerebral ischemia initiates events that are presumed to defer the stage of irreversible injury. These events cause an increase of perfusion around the central ischemic zone and trigger the Bohr effect, both of which preserve tissue viability. Almost simultaneously, mitochondrial function fails, resulting in insufficient energy for the enzyme systems to control Na and K ion equilibrium. At the same time, protein synthesis slows and cellular respiratory enzymes decrease their activity, initiating an irreversible state of tissue change. Tissue fatty acids increase as a result of dissolution of cell membrane lipoprotein structure. Barbiturates reduce the extent of experimental infarction. Resperine and aminophylline are also effective, but there are no corroborative clinical trials. That ischemic brain damage may be the result of toxic substances in the ischemic tissue represents a new concept.
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PMID:Survival of the ischemic brain: a progress report. 22 19

1. Biosynthesis and deposition of collagen, as well as DNA and total proteins, are increased in aortae of rats after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of hypertension. 2. The maximal increase in the rate of synthesis of collagen is observed within one week of hypertension when the stress to the arterial wall is maximal. 3. Reserpine administration prevents hypertension and inhibits the increase of collagen metabolism. 4. At any time of evolution of the hypertension, a linear positive correlation is found between the collagen content in the aorta and the level of blood pressure. 5. These data suggest that synthesis of matrix components by the arterial smooth-muscle cells is controlled by variation in the blood pressure level and is not a direct consequence of circulating humoral factors liberated by the ischaemic kidney.
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PMID:The relationship between blood pressure and aortic collagen metabolism in renal hypertensive rats. 28 65

The synthesis and deposition of collagen and other proteins has been measured in the aorta of the rat by radiolabeling in short term organ culture. Under these conditions, the synthesis of collagen and other proteins is linear for at least five hours. Autoradiography demonstrates a labeling in all cell layers and protein deposition in the extracellular matrix. Hypertension was induced by renal ischemia using Goldblatt's technique. The synthesis and deposition of collagen was stimulated in aorta from the first week of hypertension and in pregnancy, and was even more increased in hypertensive pregnant animals. Reserpine suppresses the rise in blood pressure in operated animals and prevents these modifications.
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PMID:Aortic collagen biosynthesis during renal hypertension, pregnancy and hypertension during pregnancy in the rat. 36 58

Reserpine was administered in purpose to determine the "Noradrenaline store" in sympathetic nerve endings. The marked increase of urinary noradrenaline excretion was observed by reserpine 0.4 mg/day administration. Total amount of noradrenaline in urine for first three days of 0.4 mg/day of reserpine administration was considered as a good indicators of "Noradrenaline store". There was no difference of "Noradrenaline store" between normal and hypertensive subjects. The increase % of urinary noradrenaline was higher in labile hypertension than in established hypertension as well as in normal subjects. Though the relationship between "Noradrenaline store" or the increase % of noradrenaline and sympathetic nerve activity was not clear, it is suspected that the releasable noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve granule was higher in labile hypertension than in established hypertension or normal subjects.
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PMID:Response of urinary noradrenaline excretion to reserpine administration in normal and hypertensive subjects. 50 5

Adverse reactions to reserpine were studied in 231 hospitalized medical patients who received the drug. Reserpine was administered specifically for hypertension in 91.3 percent of patients; 35.5 per cent of patients received the drug by intramuscular (IM) injection. The IM route of administration was associated with higher mean daily doses (1.28 +/- 0.14 mg/day) than was oral administration (0.37 +/- 0.02 mg/day). Adverse reactions to reserpine were reported in 26 patients (11.3 per cent), but only three of these reactions were considered life-threatening and no deaths were attributed to the drug. Central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, reported in 12 patients, were the most common unwanted effects. Gastrointestinal disturbances were reported in six patients, and hypotension in six. Toxicity occurred more frequently in those who received IM, and therefore high-dose, reserpine. Adverse reactions also were more common in patients who had not received rauwolfia derivatives prior to admission; however, this group of patients also received IM reserpine more frequently. Finally, reserpine toxicity, in particular central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, was reported more frequently in patients also receiving barbiturates, suggesting additive CNS effects.
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PMID:Clinical toxicity of reserpine in hospitalized patients: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. 93 77

Tests conducted on anesthetized rats with experimental renal hypertension demonstrated that octadine, reserpine and methyl-DOPA with their one-time administration produce at the onset of the maximal hypotensine effect of fall of the arterial pressure at the expense of the lowered total peripheral resistance. Most characteristic of the action exercised by these drugs is an increased fraction of the cardiac ejection going to the gestro-intestinal tract. In hypertension all the substances under study reduce the coronary and splenic fractions of the cardiac ejection. Reserpine and methyl-DOPA do not change, while octadine reduces the fraction of the cardiac ejection that goes to the kidney.
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PMID:[Effect of reserpine, octadine and methyldopa on the distribution of cardiac output in hypertension]. 102 83

The authors examined the changes in arterial blood pressure and the content of Noradrenaline in the myocardium, brain and aorta of rats with hypertension due to nephrectomy and treatment with desoxycorticosterone and NaCl, and after a chronic 6-month treatment of hypertension with various antihypertensive means. The most significant reduction of noradrenaline in the three of the examined tissues was found in rats, which received dic. sulfyram (100 mg/kg per os). Clondine (10 mkg/kg, per os) manifested the strongest hypotensive effect and lowered the level of noradrenaline in the myocardium, while it was raised in the aorta. Reserpine (10 mkg/kg, s. c) induced a clear reduction of Noradrenaline content in the brain, but an increase in the other two tissues. Insignificant hypotensive effect was observed in animals, treated with guanetidine (0.5 mg/kg, per os), which did not affect substantially noradrenaline in the examined organs. The increase of noradrenaline level was established in the three of the organs of animals, treated with alpha-methyl-DOFA (25 mg/kg, per os). Furosemide (1 mg/kg, s.c.) induced a statistically significant elevation of noradrenaline in the aorta, but was noneffective to noradrenaline in the myocardium and brain.
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PMID:[The effect of prolonged treatment of hypertensive rats with antihypertensive drugs of various actions on the arterial tension and noradrenaline level in the myocardium, brain and aortal]. 121 18

Thirty patients attending Somerset Hospital Outpatient Department, Cape Town, who were on nifedipine for hypertension or chest pain, were followed up for 6 months after alternative therapy was instituted. After the change of treatment, blood pressure control improved and no serious side-effects were encountered. Reserpine combined with a thiazide was a major component of the new regimen which reduced the monthly cost per patient from R54 to R14, a saving of 73%. If this saving was extended to 5% of the potential hypertensive patients in the RSA it would amount to R8 million per month. Although a self-assessment depression inventory was completed by 21 patients, our study does not fully evaluate the impact on quality of life. The likelihood of side-effects is, however, small--provided that the maximum daily dose of reserpine does not exceed 0.1 mg. We feel that a more considered approach is needed in the choice of antihypertensive agents.
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PMID:Significant cost-saving with modification of antihypertensive therapy. 187 50


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