Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy of oral cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil in inducing a remission in children with steroid-resistant primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). Out of 215 children with steroid-resistant primary NS, 164 had been followed from one to 10 years. The children had a mean age of 8.2 years, with a range from one to 16 years. Steroid resistance was more common in children over six years of age compared with the other age groups. Hematuria was seen in 68 of the 164 children (41%); hypertension in 41 (25%); and hyperlipidemia in 112 (68%). Hypocomplementemia was noted in 24 of the 65 (37%) children in whom complement concentrations were determined. Renal biopsy was performed in 117 of the children. Pathologic changes consisted of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in 14 children (12%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in 45 (38%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 20 (25%), mesangial proliferation (MP) in 23 (20%), and membranous glomerulonephritis in six children (5%). Cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg/day) was given to 164 patients, with complete remission and partial remission rates of 20.7% (34 of 164 children) and 24.4% (40 of 164 children), respectively. In this group, sustained remission and sustained partial remission rates were found in 20% (32 children) and 13% (21 children), respectively. Chlorambucil was given to 40 children with steroid- and cyclophosphamide-resistant nephrotic syndrome, with total remission and partial remission rates of 20% (eight children), and 12.5% (five children), respectively. These rates did not change during the follow-up. Thus, cyclophosphamide is valuable in the treatment of children with steroid-resistant NS with a variety of histologic changes.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. 158 94

The effect of a pharmacological immunosuppression on the development of hypertension and the part played by hormonal secretions of the thymus in this disease were investigated in genetically hypertensive rats (LH) of the Lyon strain. For this purpose, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in cyclophosphamide-treated LH rats and in neonatally thymectomized LH rats receiving thymostimulin, a thymus extract. Cyclophosphamide treatment delayed the onset and attenuated the full development of hypertension in LH rats whereas it had no effect on SBP in normotensive rats (LN). Thymectomized LH rats also exhibited a significantly decreased SBP as compared to sham-operated controls. Thymostimulin treatment slightly increased the SBP of thymectomized LH rats but did not restore it to the level seen in sham-operated animals. These results showed that thymic hormonal secretions did not seem to be involved in the initiation of hypertension. By contrast, the fact that a reduction of hypertension could be obtained either by thymectomy or cyclophosphamide treatment suggested that immune disorders, mediated by thymus-dependent cellular reactions, could be of pathogenic importance in the development of hypertension in LH rats.
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PMID:Antihypertensive effect of an immunosuppressive agent, cyclophosphamide, in genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain. 277 32

Induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) using angiotensin II was applied for patients with lung cancer who had not been treated previously, and the results compared with those of preceding conventional chemotherapy as a sequential control. Twenty-nine patients with non-small cell lung cancer (non-SCLC) were treated with MTX and MMC. Response rate among evaluable cases was 23.1% (3/13) for conventional chemotherapy and 18.2% (2/11) for IHC. Twenty-eight patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were treated with VCR, CPA and ACNU. Among evaluable cases, both chemotherapy groups with and without IHC showed the same response rate, 66.7% (8/12). With respect to response rate, there were no differences between conventional chemotherapy and IHC for non-SCLC or SCLC.
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PMID:[Experience with induced hypertension chemotherapy for lung cancer]. 298 59

CSA toxicity includes renal impairment, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia (T), and consumptive coagulopathy (CC). We report five BMT patients who developed CSA-associated hematological toxicity. All were conditioned with Ara-C, Cyclophosphamide, Methylprednisolone, TBI, and in two cases busulfan. IV CSA was started the day after marrow infusion and, when practicable, changed to the enteral route. Five patients developed MAHA and T resulting in significantly increased transfusion requirements. All patients had renal impairment and red cell fragmentation. In all patients fragmentation was noted before renal impairment. All developed disproportionate increases in BUN relative to serum creatinine consistent with decreased renal perfusion. Hypertension followed renal impairment in four cases and occurred at the same time as the renal impairment in one case. Two developed CC, prolongation in APTT, and marked decreases in plasma fibrinogen. All patients improved on reduction of the CSA dose. BMT recipients receiving CSA at variable doses may develop evidence of a TTP-like syndrome and/or CC.
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PMID:Coagulation defects in cyclosporine A treated allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients. 304 63

A series of 89 adult-onset nephrotic patients with minimal changes on renal biopsy was analyzed to compare the rate of response to corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents and the stability of remission or frequency of relapses at different ages. Severe hypertension and diminished renal function were more common in patients aged over 60 years, who formed 22.5% of the group. Seventy-five patients were given a first course of prednisolone in an initial dose of 60 mg/24 hr. After an eight week course of tapering doses of corticosteroids, only 45 of the 75 patients were in complete remission, 55 patients after 16 weeks and eventually 58 lost their proteinuria. The respective estimates of remission were 60%, 76% and 81%. Subsequently, of the 58 treated patients who responded, 24% never relapsed. Fifty-six percent of the patients relapsed on a single occasion or infrequently, and only 21% were frequent relapsers. Cyclophosphamide was used in 36 patients, in two as initial treatment, in 11 because of corticosteroid resistance, and in the remainder because of relapses. The time-course of loss of proteinuria was similar to that following treatment with corticosteroids, 25 (69%) losing proteinuria within 16 weeks. Only four patients failed to lose their nephrotic syndrome. Two of them had presented in acute renal failure and all four were over 60 years of age. The stability of remission after cyclophosphamide was better than that reported for children, only 13 of 36 showing relapses and 66% being in remission at five years, after which no further relapses were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adult-onset minimal change nephrotic syndrome: a long-term follow-up. 374 35

It is well known that the case of multiple myeloma shows punched-out lesions of the cranium without intracranial hypertension. In this paper a case of multiple myeloma is reported showing intracranial hypertension due to a large tumor that developed in the left parietal bone. There are only 13 case reports about cranial mass lesion of multiple myeloma since 1928. A 52 year-old female was admitted to Iwate Prefectural Isawa Hospital suffering from headache, nausea and vomiting. She had been already diagnosed as multiple myeloma and treated with chemotherapy using Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan and Prednisolone for 2 years. On admission, a large subcutaneous mass was presented on the left parietal region. Craniogram revealed large osteolytic lesion of the left parietal bone and 3 punched-out lesions of the frontal bone. CT scan revealed a large mass lesion in the left epidural space, diploe and subcutaneous space. Angiography showed avascular area. Brain scintigram showed diffuse hot area. Other skeletal bones showed no abnormality. Laboratory examination revealed high concentration of gamma-globulin and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Electrophoresis showed high value of immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin assay was as follows: IgG-6000 mg/dl, IgA-150 mg/dl, IgM-410 mg/dl, IgE-0 mg/dl. Serum electrolytes were within normal limits. Urine didn't include Bence-Jones protein. The patient was diagnosed as multiple myeloma suffering from intracranial hypertension caused by large tumor which developed in the left parietal bone. On the operation, large tumor was existed in the epidural and subcutaneous space invading into the diploe but without infiltration into the dura mater or cerebral cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of multiple myeloma showing intracranial hypertension due to large cranial mass lesions]. 375 28

Burkitt's lymphoma was first reported by Burkitt in 1958 as a sarcoma involving the jaw in African children with characteristic symptoms. Forty three Japanese cases have been reported since the first description by Oboshi et al. in 1969. We report a case of Burkitt's lymphoma with left total ophthalmoplegia. A 73-year-old Japanese female was admitted in Sadamoto Hospital on July 11, 1983 with a two-week history of headache, ptosis and double vision. The patient was exposed to the atomic bomb in Hiroshima and had ten-year history of hypertension. On admission, physical examination showed hypertension and neurological examination revealed only left total ophthalmoplegia (such as left ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, mydriasis and deficit of light reflex). Plain X-ray film and enhanced CT scan showed no remarkable abnormalities. Laboratory examinations revealed high serum levels of GOT(51 K.U.) and LDH (1300 U.). Left carotid and right retrograde branchial angiograms showed no remarkable abnormal findings. While the patient was treated only conservatively, left abducent and trochleal nerve palsy appeared on August 5, 1983. On plain and enhanced CT scans at the time, abnormal density mass with bone destruction of the left sphenoidal sinus was demonstrated. Biopsy specimen from the left sphenoidal sinus showed lymphosarcomatous cells. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears showed lymphoma cells which are compatible with L3-Burkitt's type according to FAB leukemia classification. The patient was diagnosed as leukemic transformation of Burkitt's lymphoma and treated with CHOP; Cyclophosphamide (C), Hydroxydaunorubicin(H), Vincristine (O), and Prednisolone (P).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of Burkitt's lymphoma with total ophthalmoplegia]. 408 40

Fifty-eight patients were treated with cefotaxime (CTX, Claforan) intravenously. Almost all patients (54 patients) had underlying diseases that were 16 cases of diabetes mellitus, 10 cases of respiratory diseases, 8 cases of cerebral vascular disturbance, 6 cases of renal diseases and blood diseases, 5 cases of carcinoma and hypertension, 4 cases of cholelithiasis, 3 cases of heart diseases and 7 cases of other diseases. The clinical efficacy of CTX in 34 cases of RTI, 11 cases of UTI, 8 cases of BTI and 5 cases of other infection was excellent in 11 cases, good in 27 cases, fair in 12 cases, poor in 4 cases and unclear in 4 cases. The over all clinical effectiveness was 70.4%. No adverse reaction was observed except for 2 cases (general fatigue in 1 case and eruption and itching in another). These results obtained should support the usefulness of CTX.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of cefotaxime in the field of internal medicine]. 632 49

Recent evidence suggests that hypertension in the Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) may be the result of an autoimmune disorder. To test this hypothesis SHRs were given chronic immunosuppressive therapy (cyclophosphamide). The development of spontaneous hypertension was studied in SHRs receiving cyclophosphamide beginning at age 3 wk. The arterial pressure of the cyclophosphamide-treated SHRs was significantly lower than that of untreated control SHRs once the rats were 8 wk old, and this reduction in blood pressure was maintained for the duration of treatment. Also the effect of chronic immunosuppressive therapy on the maintenance of spontaneous hypertension was determined by beginning treatment in 16-wk-old SHRs. Arterial pressure was significantly less than that of untreated control SHRs after 2 wk of treatment. According to tail-cuff measurements, the level of hypertension in the SHRs was reduced by approximately 50% following 6 wk of immunosuppressive therapy. The mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced after 6 wk to 158 +/- 5.0 mmHg in immunosuppressed SHRs (n = 10) compared with 174 +/- 2.6 mmHg in control SHRs (n = 7). Cyclophosphamide treatment did not have a significant effect on the blood pressure of Wistar or Wistar-Kyoto rats or on the development or maintenance of deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertension. Chronic immunosuppression attenuates hypertension in the Okamoto SHR. These results support the hypothesis that spontaneous hypertension may be due in part to an autoimmune disorder.
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PMID:Chronic immunosuppression attenuates hypertension in Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats. 649 53

The several kinds of mice that spontaneously develop acute systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)--BXSB males, MRL/l males and females, and (NZB X W)F1 females--have a 15-20% incidence of degenerative vascular disease (DVD) and myocardial infarcts (MI) in which the affected coronaries contain deposits of immunoreactants, presumably in the form of immune complexes. Among the F1 hybrid crosses of SLE mice, only the (NZW X BXSB)F1, (W X B)F1 male has a significantly higher incidence of DVD/MI (80%). Search for possible causes of this high incidence of myocardial infarcts revealed several unique features of this mouse: hypertension, thrombocytosis, and early onset of circulating immune complexes and glomerulonephritis. Our attempts to prevent this DVD/MI focused on: reduction of hypertension, prevention of thrombosis, and immunosuppression. Immunosuppression by Cytoxan resulted in almost complete prevention of both the SLE disease and DVD/MI. Administration of bretylium, an antihypertensive and anti-arrhythmic agent, resulted in reduction of blood pressure and the severities of glomerulonephritis, DVD, and MI; it also slightly reduced the levels of circulating immune complexes and leukocytosis. Of the 4 antithrombotic agents used, only aspirin showed some reduction in the incidence of DVD/MI and delay of glomerulonephritis-associated mortality.
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PMID:The role of hypertension in the vascular disease and myocardial infarcts associated with murine systemic lupus erythematosus. 663 92


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